Bagn\u00e8res-de-Luchon, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 c\u00f3 2.081 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 52,80 km\u00b2 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n d\u00e3y n\u00fai Pyrenees trung t\u00e2m tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ban Nha, c\u00e1ch Toulouse kho\u1ea3ng 114 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Saint-Gaudens 50 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ec3 thao m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7y huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i l\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a Belle \u00c9poque, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa Haute-Garonne n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00fai non hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun \u0111\u1eafp trong h\u01a1n hai thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
N\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng Pique v\u00e0 L'One g\u1eb7p nhau, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi d\u00e3y n\u00fai Luchonnais \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngang b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5. Ruisseau de Sahage \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o L'One, trong khi Pique l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Ruisseau de Bagnartigue, Lys, Garante v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean\u2014Laus d'Esbas, Roumingau, Port de Venasque\u2014g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e8o \u0111\u00e1. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda r\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a x\u00e3, Ruisseau de Bouneu t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00f2a v\u00e0o Lys. \u1ea8n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, trong s\u1ef1 thanh b\u00ecnh m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, n\u1eb1m Boums de Port v\u00e0 \u00c9tang de la Fr\u00e8che, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho Pique v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai: D125 t\u1eeb Salles-et-Pratviel qu\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai c\u00f3 r\u1eebng; D618A r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Saint-Mamet v\u00e0 Col du Portillon; D618 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn Saint-Aventin; D46 leo l\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Sode; v\u00e0 D125C v\u00f2ng cung v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Moustajon. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u t\u1eeb Montr\u00e9jeau \u0111\u1ebfn Luchon, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Toulouse qua Montr\u00e9jeau, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho xe bu\u00fdt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n m\u00f9a h\u00e8, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u00eam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn Paris. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n gondola \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1912\u20131966, ch\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Superbagn\u00e8res v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ngay ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t Aeroclub de Luchon, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng theo m\u00f9a thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi -10 \u00b0C d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong v\u1eaft, trong khi bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 35 \u00b0C, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1edfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng. Gi\u00f3 b\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng mang theo lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xo\u00e1y ngh\u1ecbch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; gi\u00f3 nam ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2y nam b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n nhanh, lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m ph\u00eda nam va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 b\u1eafc kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng qua h\u1ebbm n\u00fai v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh Hang Saint-Mamet ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh La M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Augustus \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n: Tiberius Claudius \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o ba h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 25 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e2u "Balneum Lixonense post Neapolitense primum" - m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Pompey v\u00e0o n\u0103m 76 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Lugdunum Convenarum, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh, nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Conv\u00e8nes v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa trong v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i "On\u00e9siens" c\u1ee7a Luchon.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Goth, Visigoth v\u00e0 Moor tr\u00e0n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ea9y d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng cao c\u1ee7a Larboust v\u00e0 Oueil. V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n ma \u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Charlemagne v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gaston Ph\u0153bus, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a March, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u0169 trang, ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Chi\u1ebfn tranh Tr\u0103m n\u0103m, cu\u1ed9c thanh tr\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Cathar v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o "\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i" v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Saint-B\u00e9at t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10, \u201cBani\u00e8res\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng; m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Toussaint th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Saint-B\u00e9at g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1200, c\u00e1c Hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh John c\u1ee7a Jerusalem \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea1i Front\u00e9s, cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh James b\u0103ng qua C\u1ea3ng de Venasque. Hospice de France c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 di t\u00edch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi l\u1ec7nh r\u00fat lui, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\u201d Pyrenees do c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi \u201cren v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111i\u201d th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u2014 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0ng gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1759, Nam t\u01b0\u1edbc Antoine M\u00e9gret d'\u00c9tigny, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gascony, \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 thi th\u00f4ng qua lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch thu, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef5 binh. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1761, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean spa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Luchon. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn: c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc de Richelieu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eafm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1763 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1769 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nam t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 cho h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 r\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cung c\u1ea5p than c\u1ee7i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1767 - b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nh\u1ee5c. K\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i \u1edf All\u00e9es d'\u00c9tigny, l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y chanh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Luchon, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1873 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880, thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea5p, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua Belle \u00c9poque v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Lu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a du l\u1ecbch spa, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Luchon. N\u0103m 1890, La Luchonnaise \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Tour de France \u0111\u00e3 coi Luchon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111ua b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n leo n\u00fai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1p xe.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n tr\u00ean n\u00fai t\u1ea1i Superbagn\u00e8res m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1922, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 thanh r\u0103ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo quen thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: t\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1968, Ingrid Lafforgue \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb em sinh \u0111\u00f4i Britt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi FIS. "N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai Pyrenees", nh\u01b0 Vincent de Chausenque \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1834, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t spa, v\u1edbi 32 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t thang m\u00e1y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 1.465 m \u0111\u1ebfn 2.125 m.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2010, c\u01a1n b\u00e3o Xynthia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i bay nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh 200 km\/h qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1eadt g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong trong x\u00e3. S\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qua di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Luchon: ba v\u00f9ng Natura 2000 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng Lis, Pique v\u00e0 Neste d'O\u00f4; m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Luchon v\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ZNIEFF b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c sinh th\u00e1i n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m su\u1ed1i, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 17 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 65 \u00b0C v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u natri sunfat. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t xa x\u01b0a: c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb Strabo \u0111\u1ebfn Julius Caesar, \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i Onesiorum Thermae; c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i l\u00f3t \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hypocaust \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i qua c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u 100 m v\u00e0o Superbagn\u00e8res, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t xen k\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian\u2014hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y\u2014k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi La M\u00e3. N\u0103m 1952, Luchon ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Harrogate, Anh, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft hai th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1, di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Luchon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra: Ch\u00e2teau Lafont, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1n trang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Saint-\u00c9tienne, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n theo phong c\u00e1ch La M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1931; ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm Chambert, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1977; dinh th\u1ef1 Charles Tron thanh l\u1ecbch; nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 Spont, nh\u1eefng gian h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 theo phong c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao; s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption. Villas \u00c9douard, Pyr\u00e8ne, Santa Maria v\u00e0 Luisa t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho All\u00e9es b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xa hoa c\u1ee7a Belle \u00c9poque, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
Luchonnais sinh ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n\u2014Luchonnaises v\u00e0 Luchonnais\u2014s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp trung cho qu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1801 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 L\u00e0ng n\u1edf r\u1ed9 trao t\u1eb7ng ba b\u00f4ng hoa, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, qu\u00e1n bar v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n tr\u00ean n\u00fai g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 d\u1eabn l\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o cao v\u00e0o Aragon v\u00e0 Val d'Aran.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ecdi ng\u00f5 h\u1ebbm, c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0o m\u00f2n, Bagn\u00e8res-de-Luchon h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Sainte-\u00c9tienne d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mang theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7: t\u1eeb nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i qua th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, h\u00edt th\u1edf kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed Pyrenees. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao v\u00fat v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n
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Bagn\u00e8res-de-Luchon, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Haute-Garonne thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Occitanie, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 2.152 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Luchon, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi khung c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Pyrenees v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 spa.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16394,"parent":13952,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16348","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16348"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16348\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}