Brunei Darussalam chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1: m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Borneo, gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hydrocarbon nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 b\u1edfi qu\u1eadn Limbang c\u1ee7a Malaysia - tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 5.765 km2, nh\u01b0ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai cao g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 161 km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Kho\u1ea3ng 455.858 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u0103m 2023) coi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0, h\u01a1n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Brunei-Muara, Tutong v\u00e0 Belait; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Qu\u1eadn Temburong mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. Bandar Seri Begawan, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 180.000 linh h\u1ed3n trong b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kampong, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Borneo r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Malaysia v\u00e0 Indonesia; Brunei \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean Borneo. C\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1eebng: v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, kho\u1ea3ng 380.000 ha v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 70 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y quanh n\u0103m \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 li\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3o theo m\u00f9a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, Brunei ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u2014m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n\u2014trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ta th\u1ea5y Brunei \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sultan Bolkiah (tr\u1ecb v\u00ec 1485\u20131528). Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Borneo, v\u00e0o Sabah v\u00e0 Sarawak, v\u00e0 xa t\u1edbi t\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Sulu. Th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Magellan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1521; nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1578, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Brunei \u0111\u00e3 giao tranh v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y Ban Nha trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Castilian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u0103m 1841, Sarawak \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n giao cho James Brooke, "White Rajah"; v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thu\u00ea bao c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Sabah; v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1888, Brunei tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Anh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y do London gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 sang ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn b\u1ecb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1959 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1962 - m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gia nh\u1eadp li\u00ean bang Malaysia m\u1edbi - \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Anh; s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Omar Ali Saifuddien III r\u1eb1ng Brunei n\u00ean \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Malaysia. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1984. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1967, Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Hassanal Bolkiah \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tham v\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Brunei. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf hydrocarbon chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP; s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh m\u1ee9c 167.000 th\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 25 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng, khi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Doanh thu ch\u1ea3y qua C\u01a1 quan \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 Brunei v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng thu nh\u1eadp v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng trong khu v\u1ef1c: ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o, d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, Brunei \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng "r\u1ea5t cao" v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Singapore trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ASEAN - v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o hydrocarbon \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e2ng cao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng du l\u1ecbch, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa. N\u0103m 2009, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Laila Rice, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Wasan, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn tham v\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Halal t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, trong khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay th\u1ebf. H\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia, Royal Brunei Airlines, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb Bandar Seri Begawan l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trung chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00dac, duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao t\u1ea1i London Heathrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Brunei ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c\u2014kho\u1ea3ng 3.700 km, 87 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a\u2014n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh: Muara, Seria, Kuala Belait v\u00e0 Tutong. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00f4 t\u00f4 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho \u00edt h\u01a1n hai c\u01b0 d\u00e2n; gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i 30 km n\u1ed1i Muara v\u1edbi Temburong, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2020 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed 1,6 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Brunei \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 150 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 theo C\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u00e2n bay Changi, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00ean ba tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u00e3 Lai, \u0111\u1ee9c tin H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Brunei v\u1eabn tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, WTO, Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung, ASEAN, OIC v\u00e0 Phong tr\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec APEC v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Brunei di\u1ec5n ra theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Shafi'i c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Sunni, l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o; h\u01a1n 82 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Lu\u1eadt Sharia b\u1ed5 sung cho lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t\u2014t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1nh roi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn (tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft) \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u2014n\u00eau b\u1eadt khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. Trong th\u00e1ng Ramadan, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u s\u1ebd d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh trong hai gi\u1edd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam chuy\u1ec3n sang Limbang, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n bar v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Brunei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Brunei ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai\u2014theo m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba\u2014v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (Belait, Bisaya, Dusun, Kedayan, Lun Bawang, Murut, Tutong) v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 26 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ti\u1ebfng Anh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng M\u00e3 Lai Chu\u1ea9n (vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef Latinh v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Jawi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng M\u00e3 Lai Brunei, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n e ng\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Brunei v\u1eeba k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u1eeba h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, trong khi Kampong Ayer, ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, v\u1eabn l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5c g\u1ed7 cao. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 kim ho\u00e0n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do ho\u00e0ng gia b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb: nasi katok\u2014c\u01a1m v\u1edbi g\u00e0 r\u00e1n v\u00e0 sambal\u2014th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m; ambuyat, m\u00f3n \u0103n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb sago, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t cay n\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch \u0103n chay t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam \u00c1 ho\u1eb7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. Teh tarik v\u00e0 kopi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb vui v\u1ebb cho th\u00f3i quen bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o M\u00e3 Lai, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u2014c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0ng gia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Brunei tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i khi qu\u00e2n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u00f4ng khai, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Brunei trong m\u1ed9t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Brunei n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf. R\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n khoan d\u1ea7u r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi y\u00ean t\u0129nh; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. Trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, trong ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa l\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, trong ph\u00f2ng ngai v\u00e0ng d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Singapore, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thanh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Brunei, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Brunei Darussalam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Borneo \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 455.858 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp duy nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Bornea. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n 180.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Bandar Seri Begawan, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5108,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15920","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15920"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15920\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}