{"id":15750,"date":"2024-09-21T19:55:02","date_gmt":"2024-09-21T19:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=15750"},"modified":"2026-03-11T01:46:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T01:46:48","slug":"trung-quoc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/destinations\/asia\/china\/","title":{"rendered":"Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 9,6 tri\u1ec7u km2, bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 14 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. T\u1eeb th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c Gobi v\u00e0 Taklamakan hoang v\u1eafng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i Nam, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t - Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamirs v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n - t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 sa r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng (nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed), n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng, trong khi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean cao, c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 N\u00fai Everest cao 8.848 m). Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y - gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng cao kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u01a1n 21.000 km qua c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 (Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0) ch\u1ea3y qua \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0i 14.500 km trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, trong khi mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u1ea5m c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. C\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00fa, &#034;C\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb sa m\u1ea1c Gobi v\u00e0 Taklamakan \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n&#034;. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa. Nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean cao, r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c - khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia &#034;si\u00eau \u0111a d\u1ea1ng&#034; nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u1ecdc theo thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0o thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 220 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, khi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. Trong hai thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c - t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n (206 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean - 220 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) qua nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean (M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5), nh\u00e0 Minh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Thanh (M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u) - \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u1edbn, b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y, la b\u00e0n, thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, trong khi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u01b0 Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An (th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb xa nh\u01b0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Thanh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 &#034;Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3&#034; d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 1911, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho Trung Hoa D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mong manh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Chi\u1ebfn tranh Trung-Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c (\u0110CSTQ) v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng. N\u0103m 1949, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng: h\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa (PRC), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0i Loan. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn - c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a - ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt (cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a sau \u0111\u00f3 (1966\u20131976) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thanh tr\u1eebng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau khi Mao qua \u0111\u1eddi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u00e3i b\u1ecf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, v\u1edbi GDP t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bTrung Qu\u1ed1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tham gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bV\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (sau n\u0103m 2013) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u00c2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c - h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 - ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa di s\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c (\u0110CSTQ) l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#034;n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a&#034; d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong tay T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110CSTQ (hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh), m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (n\u0103m 2018) \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hai nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tham v\u1ea5n do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p danh ngh\u0129a \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u2013 h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c) do Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bb\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 internet ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c dung th\u1ee9 trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 &#034;m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda&#034; \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, trao cho n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Qu\u1ef9 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Kinh t\u1ebf To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Khu v\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u00ean tham gia G20, APEC, BRICS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u - th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i - ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1,42 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u0103m 2025), Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 17% nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u: \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, trong khi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v.v.) c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y - t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, kho\u1ea3ng 67% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, B\u1eafc Kinh, Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 5\u201310 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang gi\u00e0 \u0111i. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 40 tu\u1ed5i (so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 30 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980), ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ea5p. T\u1ed5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1,0 tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf). \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng sinh gi\u1ea3m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1980) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c do ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb (kho\u1ea3ng 91% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1). 9% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 55 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Trang (\u224819,6 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>: T\u1eadp trung \u1edf Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Choang Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i (\u224811,4 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>: V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129 (kho\u1ea3ng 11 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u1edf Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129 T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00eau (\u224811 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>:T\u1eadp trung \u1edf Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u, H\u1ed3 Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u (\u224810,4 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>:Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Thanh, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yi (\u22489,8 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>: S\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u1ed5 Gia (\u22489,6 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>: \u1ede H\u1ed3 Nam v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (\u22487 tri\u1ec7u)<\/strong>: Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa<\/strong> (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, v.v.) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u mang nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Zhonghua Minzu (\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef H\u00e1n (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Ti\u1ebfng Quan Tho\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef B\u1eafc Kinh) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ti\u1ebfng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Yue) \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng\/H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfng Ng\u00f4 (bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ebfng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i) xung quanh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, ti\u1ebfng M\u00e2n \u1edf Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, ti\u1ebfng Kh\u00e1ch Gia \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh, v.v. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u00e1n (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Uyghur, Kazakh, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00f3i. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Trung Qu\u1ed1c (Hanzi) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 (nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5) v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u0103m \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin l\u00e0nh) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n gian (th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, c\u00fang b\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Nho gi\u00e1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc) kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf (kho\u1ea3ng 10%) ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh theo m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o (th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian) r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o - m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf - \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u1ea7m). Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (nh\u01b0 T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n, T\u1ebft Trung thu, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2020, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo GDP danh ngh\u0129a (kho\u1ea3ng 19 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u0103m 2025) v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c 6\u20139% trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a kho\u1ea3ng 800 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#034;m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&#034;. Ng\u00e0y nay, kho\u1ea3ng 17% c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy m\u00f4 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Hoa K\u1ef3 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 - t\u1eeb th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh - cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Theo \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 Huawei, ZTE v\u00e0 g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 internet trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Baidu) v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV): l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 EV h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2020. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 BYD, NIO v\u00e0 Xpeng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (kho\u1ea3ng 13.700 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025, x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 60 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u). C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a (chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c &#034;S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c 2025&#034; cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng do ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y) trong khi c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng do \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng: chi ti\u00eau trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 37% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n l\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u), t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Tencent, Alibaba v\u00e0 Baidu) \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. M\u1ee9c n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao; c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f4i khi cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c; v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t l\u01b0u \u00fd, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i &#034;ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn&#034; nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 - duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u201csi\u00eau \u0111a d\u1ea1ng\u201d, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 10% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 14% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 kh\u00f4ng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n g\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3) v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 Siberia \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf n\u00fai cao \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0ng, c\u00e1 heo s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoa lan k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng 18% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u01a1n 90% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 85% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 1.864 con g\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean - t\u0103ng so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 - nh\u1edd c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 voi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 hoang d\u00e3 (\u1edf V\u00e2n Nam) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc Kinh-Thi\u00ean T\u00e2n-H\u00e0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 &#034;cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m&#034; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o kh\u00f3i than, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn (PM2.5) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 40% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng hai n\u0103m do nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c (99,9%) s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a WHO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc kinh ni\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam-B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p x\u1eed l\u00fd. X\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf r\u00eca Cao nguy\u00ean Gobi v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o: n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp m\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eadp Tam Hi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong khi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xanh. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n (th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c r\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2030. S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng si\u00eau \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay. Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a: c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u0103m 1960, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 17% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n; hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba l\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Th\u00e2m Quy\u1ebfn (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng ch\u00e0i, gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7) minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 &#034;th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 tinh&#034; \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u01b0u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c (HSR) l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n 300 km\/h t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i (h\u01a1n 1.300 km) trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m gi\u1edd. HSR c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft nhanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 160.000 km, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn (nh\u01b0 C\u1ea7u l\u1edbn \u0110an D\u01b0\u01a1ng-C\u00f4n S\u01a1n, l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C\u1ea3ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 C\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3ng container b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng 49 tri\u1ec7u TEU v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023. M\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p container r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0u t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ch\u00ednh - S\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u Giang - c\u0169ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (B\u1eafc Kinh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u) ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, bi\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Air China, China Eastern v\u00e0 China Southern h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i bay l\u1edbn v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bay m\u1edbi (v\u1edbi Comac ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng 5G tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y: h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u01a1n. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh ngang \u2013 ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u2013 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m (B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m d\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00f3i chung. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u0169 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Nho gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111an xen \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c - nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng: nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng chung d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i: T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n (T\u1ebft Xu\u00e2n) v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n l\u1ed3ng, m\u00faa r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh; T\u1ebft Trung thu v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0103n b\u00e1nh trung thu. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a - t\u1eeb c\u1eaft gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt - ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh - m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Minh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Thanh - v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 Minh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. T\u00e2y An v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t nung n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho th\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i \u0110\u00f4 Giang Y\u1ec3n t\u1eeb 2500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n M\u00f9a h\u00e8, Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c di t\u00edch kh\u00e1c. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 59 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a), l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u1ee9 hai trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p di s\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Phim \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5: c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 M\u1ea1c Ng\u00f4n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngh\u1ec7 M\u01b0u, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ea1c pop v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n thu h\u00fat c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i - th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh - nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh (&#034;donghua&#034;) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: g\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u00faa m\u00ec (m\u00ec, b\u00e1nh bao, b\u00e1nh m\u00ec) \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 t\u00e1m n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh theo v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ri\u00eang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n cay n\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u1edbt v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ti\u00eau T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean; \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 dim sum tinh t\u1ebf; \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng (b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u00fap v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n; v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c H\u1ed3 Nam c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n cay n\u1ed3ng, nhi\u1ec1u \u1edbt. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c - Giang T\u00f4, Chi\u1ebft Giang, Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, An Huy, v.v. - m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh bao s\u00fap Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, s\u00fap chua ng\u1ecdt Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecbt quay B\u1eafc Kinh. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i (t\u1eeb b\u00e1nh x\u00e8o jianbing mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e0 s\u1eefa tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u mi\u1ec1n nam), khi\u1ebfn \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c &#034;l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean&#034; trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111an xen v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh quan - \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c con h\u1ebbm trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd tr\u00ean n\u00fai. H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n halal nh\u01b0 lamian (m\u00ec k\u00e9o tay) v\u00e0 yangrou chuan (xi\u00ean th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00e2y An ho\u1eb7c Ninh H\u1ea1) ch\u1ee9ng minh cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm; c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfng Quan Tho\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00ean song ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n \u1edf nh\u00e0. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Quan Tho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t thanh ti\u1ebfng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng\/HK, v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong Trung Qu\u1ed1c, vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh hay c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n tr\u00e0 c\u0169 \u1edf Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4) n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i m\u1edbi l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh (Th\u00e1p Minh Ch\u00e2u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi \u1edf Th\u00e2m Quy\u1ebfn). Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh v\u0103n h\u00f3a - S\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u1ed5 chim c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic 2008, Water Cube hay Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t l\u1edbn qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh - th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xung quanh c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn. \u1ede m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 s\u00e2n trong c\u0169, qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng si\u00eau hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u1edbn. \u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Trung Hoa coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng: h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n (ng\u1ecdt\/chua, cay\/nh\u1eb9) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. C\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u1eefa \u0103n chung \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tr\u00f2n \u2013 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c m\u00ec v\u1edbi rau, th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n s\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: tr\u00e0 xanh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00e0 \u00f4 long v\u00e0 tr\u00e0 \u0111en \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i giao l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n ghi nh\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean (Chuan)<\/strong>: C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cay v\u00e0 t\u00ea, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edbt \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ti\u00eau T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 mapo, g\u00e0 kung pao v\u00e0 l\u1ea9u l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Yue)<\/strong>: N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Dim sum \u2013 b\u00e1nh bao h\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh bao \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u1edbng (char siu) v\u00e0 c\u00e1 h\u1ea5p n\u00eam g\u1eebng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e1 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng (Lu)<\/strong>: Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n s\u00fap v\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n trong, m\u1eb7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eam b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c H\u1ed3 Nam (Xiang)<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cay, nh\u01b0ng cay h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecbt hun kh\u00f3i. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt ba ch\u1ec9 kho \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Mao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f9i \u1ebfch cay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong>:\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Giang T\u00f4 v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebft Giang c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tinh t\u1ebf; Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n s\u00fap v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi; phong c\u00e1ch B\u1eafc Kinh (Kinh) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi V\u1ecbt quay B\u1eafc Kinh - v\u1ecbt quay gi\u00f2n \u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh k\u1ebfp v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t hoisin - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb l\u00faa m\u00ec nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh bao v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh k\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u00f3n b\u00e1nh bao Trung Qu\u1ed1c (jiaozi) mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh wonton \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, m\u1ed7i m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00e9t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00eam (nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee7 T\u1ec9nh \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1 Gia L\u0103ng \u1edf Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu xi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 th\u1ed1i, b\u00e1nh bao s\u00fap ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m (r\u01b0\u1ee3u g\u1ea1o v\u00e0o T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n, b\u00e1nh trung thu v\u00e0o Trung thu) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 v\u1edbi dim sum, ch\u00e1o v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, phong t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00f3i quen hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o hoa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n n\u0103m con gi\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u0111i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u cao t\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c xe bu\u00fdt, s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c khu chung c\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thanh to\u00e1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mua s\u1eafm: c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Taobao v\u00e0 Alibaba cho ph\u00e9p mua m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 t\u00f4 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng b\u00e0 d\u1ea1y th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m t\u1eadp th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng - m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd; tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi trang to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng - v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a - gi\u1eefa c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng xa x\u00f4i hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u0169, nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7m g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong r\u1ed9ng - v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng men m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho phong c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 Minh\/Thanh. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m phong th\u1ee7y) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m Th\u00e1p s\u1ee9 Nam Kinh (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n treo tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf S\u01a1n T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ee9c tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a). Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 \u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u00e2n trong (siheyuan \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n g\u1ed7 \u1edf ph\u00eda nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 21, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 Ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, ph\u00f2ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf CCTV (t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 &#034;big pants&#034;) \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh c\u1ee7a OMA v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng - S\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1eafc Kinh (T\u1ed5 chim) v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 thao d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c gia (Water Cube) - \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4i khi tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng &#034;l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb&#034; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3nh quan th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201ctulou\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn (nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng l\u1edbn do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u00e1ch Gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng s\u00e0n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u (c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00eau) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng n\u00fai c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang c\u1ed5 (nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang Longji \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 L\u1ec7 Giang \u2013 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c linh ki\u1ec7n), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 (ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n trong d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i giao, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nam B\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO\u2082 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c trung h\u00f2a carbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2060. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c: Vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n SARS-CoV-1 (n\u0103m 2003) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y (l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo doanh thu th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng) \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phim v\u1edbi Hollywood; Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Trung v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i (B\u1eafc Kinh 2008, Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Kinh 2022) \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa di c\u01b0 \u2013 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u2013 c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i (T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh doanh (khu ph\u1ed1 T\u00e0u, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh). Ti\u1ebfng Quan Tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia hoan ngh\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 coi quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i; nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 an ninh khu v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c hay \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng theo v\u00f9ng. Trong su\u1ed1t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c - t\u00f4n k\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 - \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u1eeb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u cao t\u1ed1c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 - m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, khi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, sau \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1,4 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 17,4% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 9,6 tri\u1ec7u km2, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m m\u00fai gi\u1edd.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4694,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15750","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15750"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15750\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}