N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y n\u00fai Pamir v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c1 l\u00e0 Tajikistan, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o cao c\u1ee7a Hindu Kush \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Amu Darya \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai hi\u1ebfm khi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 3.000 m\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Afghanistan \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda nam, Uzbekistan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Kyrgyzstan \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ecdc theo x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u00ean kia H\u00e0nh lang Wakhan h\u1eb9p, Pakistan n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda sau. Dushanbe, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c ph\u00eda tr\u00ean thung l\u0169ng Kofarnihon, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 10,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed s\u00e2u xa. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, trong khi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Oxus t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n-Iran \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Andronovo, v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Sogdian \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng, mang theo l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c satrap Achaemenid, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Kushan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Turkic v\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n Bactrian v\u00e0 Samanid gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800. N\u0103m 1924, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Tajik kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Uzbek th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, n\u00e2ng n\u00f3 l\u00ean th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1929. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1991, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a Moscow \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1991 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t do chia r\u1ebd khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1997, c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Khatlon v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng Pamiri, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c k\u00eanh t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. N\u0103m 1994, Emomali Rahmon \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, Tajikistan chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng. Sughd \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Fergana, v\u1edbi Khujand l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m. Khatlon \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng t\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, trong khi t\u1ec9nh t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Gorno-Badakhshan chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Pamir. V\u00e0nh \u0111ai trung t\u00e2m xung quanh Dushanbe t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c qu\u1eadn chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c jamoat v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thung l\u0169ng cao nguy\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n
N\u00fai chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t. Pamirs, ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Hindu Kush, cao h\u01a1n 7.000 m\u00e9t t\u1ea1i Qullai Ismoili Somoni. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Alay v\u00e0 Turkestan v\u00f2ng cung qua ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh lang Fergana kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda nam. C\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n\u2014Hisor g\u1ea7n Dushanbe, Fann by Panjakent v\u00e0 Zeravshan xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u00f9ng v\u0129. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ba thung l\u0169ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c: \u0111o\u1ea1n Fergana \u1edf Sughd, thung l\u0169ng Zeravshan c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i xung quanh Kulob v\u00e0 Bokhtar.<\/p>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3 phong c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 sinh k\u1ebf. S\u00f4ng Kofarnihon v\u00e0 Vakhsh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh Amu Darya \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Afghanistan. Tuy\u1ebft tan cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c k\u00eanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn m\u01a1, l\u1ef1u v\u00e0 \u00f3c ch\u00f3. C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Karakul b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ti\u1ebfng Tajik, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Cyrillic, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c; g\u1ea7n ch\u00edn trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede Gorno-Badakhshan, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Shughni, Rushani v\u00e0 Wakhi v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Pamiri. H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Hanafi chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Shia-Ismaili nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn hai ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00fang.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tajik chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbek v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di c\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Yaghnobi, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 25.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Sogdian, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pamiri\u2014c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a\u2014sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i GBAO.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o di c\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tajikistan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i - ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Nga - chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n; luy\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 x\u01a1 b\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c sau h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean hai t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bV\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 680 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Dushanbe v\u1edbi Uzbekistan, Nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng 28.000 km, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u1edf Iran v\u00e0 Pakistan th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang Afghanistan. C\u1ea7u H\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb Tajik-Afghanistan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9-\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft d\u00e0i 1.300 km t\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Afghanistan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Pakistan.<\/p>\n
Du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi 26 s\u00e2n bay, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a. C\u1eeda ng\u00f5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u1edf Dushanbe k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Nga. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i Anzob, Shakhristan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n qua \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ferghana\u2014Khujand, Isfara v\u00e0 Istaravshan\u2014v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u00e2n madrassah v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3. \u1ede Panjakent c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Sarazm v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Sogdian. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Fann c\u1ee7a Zeravshan thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 granit v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 b\u0103ng. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Pamir u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1edd s\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao t\u1edbi 4.500 m\u00e9t. Dushanbe c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00eau tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Somoni, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 100 diram, l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng xu m\u1ed9t, ba v\u00e0 n\u0103m somoni ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ATM ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t; th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Visa. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean mang theo somoni khi \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
R\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u1eb7t; ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f3c t\u00fai r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an ninh ph\u00e1t sinh g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Afghanistan v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pamiri. Sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao h\u01a1n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9; gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y; mang theo b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 pin d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Dushanbe\u2014che vai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i\u2014v\u00e0 mang theo kh\u0103n qu\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o c\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t tay l\u00ean tim. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Nga ho\u1eb7c Afghanistan, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n
Du kh\u00e1ch n\u1eef \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y Tajikistan kh\u00e1 an to\u00e0n n\u1ebfu quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i du l\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Trang ph\u1ee5c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111eo nh\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n theo nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean xa x\u00f4i gi\u00fap t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean n\u1eef ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Du l\u1ecbch V\u0103n h\u00f3a Sinh th\u00e1i Pamir \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n
Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ea5m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1, kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a qua ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t theo lu\u1eadt. T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ma t\u00fay s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
Ba \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m UNESCO ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: c\u1ea3nh quan kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Sarazm, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Panjakent v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Tajik. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Tajikistan ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, trong khi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i mang theo k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh h\u00f9ng v\u0129, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n qua nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u y\u00ean t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp b\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n tr\u00e0, nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n tan ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tajikistan, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Tajikistan, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Trung \u00c1. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Dushanbe, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. N\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Tajikistan c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Afghanistan \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, Uzbekistan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Kyrgyzstan \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, giao nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh lang Wakhan h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Afghanistan ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Pakistan, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4607,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15662","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15662\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}