N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng l\u0103n t\u0103n c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Caspi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Kopet Dag v\u00e0 Koytendag l\u00e0 Turkmenistan, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh. \u00cdt c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u1edf Trung \u00c1 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i Sa m\u1ea1c Karakum r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i di s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1ecdc theo Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, Turkmenistan \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady r\u1ed3i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o hoang t\u00e0n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1eabn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 488.100 km2\u2014nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n T\u00e2y Ban Nha m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat\u2014Turkmenistan n\u1eb1m \u1edf ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng Turan nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho Cao nguy\u00ean Ustyurt; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, Kopet Dag v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi chung v\u1edbi Iran, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai nh\u01b0 Kuh\u2011e Rizeh cao g\u1ea7n 2.912 m\u00e9t. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean Koytendag v\u00e0 Paropamyz \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea1i Ayrybaba (3.137 m), \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn\u2014Amu Darya, Murghab, Tejen v\u00e0 Atrek\u2014ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o qua \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfm khi ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a r\u1ea5t \u00edt. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 12 mm \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Karakum; c\u00e1t nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01a1n 235 ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50 \u00b0C. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a r\u00e0o t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ph\u00eda nam ch\u1eb7n h\u01a1i \u1ea5m t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\u2014b\u1ea3y v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb r\u1eebng ven s\u00f4ng d\u1ecdc theo Amu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i b\u00e1n sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi Kopet Dag\u2014v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Turkmenistan \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n theo \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y. Merv, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Murghab, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 che ch\u1edf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n trong Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y l\u00e0 Nisa v\u00e0 Gonur Depe, d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Parthia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ph\u00eda nam Ashgabat, c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh c\u1ee7a Anau v\u00e0 Jeitun g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, c\u00e1c satrap Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ee5c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111i qua, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00ean nhau, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean di s\u1ea3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1881, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Turkmenistan. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1925, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Turkmenistan, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Moscow. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 san ph\u1eb3ng Ashgabat, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo ki\u1ec3u Stalin. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u0103m 1991, Turkmenistan tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n
Saparmurat Niyazov, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy,\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2006. C\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh l\u1eadp d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u2014c\u1ea5m xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m g\u1edf, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nu\u00f4i ch\u00f3 trong th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y an ninh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022 cho con trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Serdar, sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00ean \u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Turkmenistan li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p. Sau n\u0103m 2019, tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng manat, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 3,5, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n 19 ho\u1eb7c 20 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee3 \u0111en\u2014m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf. B\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kinh ni\u00ean k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n du l\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 Avaza, m\u1ed9t "khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng" Caspian g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1 kh\u00ed Darvaza\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 "C\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c"\u2014, \u01b0u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed1 l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Ashgabat, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t c\u1edd r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 Th\u00e1p Turkmenistan cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda nam. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Turkmenbashi tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caspi; nh\u1eefng c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t thoai tho\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Mary b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Da\u015foguz v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 mang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Uzbek; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 ven s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Turkmenabat.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1ea1ch ra: tuy\u1ebfn li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00e2y-\u0111\u00f4ng M37 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Turkmenbashi qua Ashgabat, Mary v\u00e0 Turkmenabat, trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c b\u1eafc-nam n\u1ed1i Ashgabat v\u1edbi Da\u015foguz. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng thu ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 do kh\u00f4ng thanh to\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft\u2014d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean Caspian\u2014ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a r\u1eddi; m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e1nh Afghanistan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Herat g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ashgabat, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh. Turkmenistan Airlines, h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow, Dubai, Istanbul v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch. Tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, c\u1ea3ng Turkmenbashi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Baku, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Aktau v\u00e0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Turkmen (kho\u1ea3ng 85 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbek, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Turkmenistan hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Turkmen, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Turkic gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Azeri, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi ti\u1ebfng Nga\u2014t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf\u2014\u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Latinh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf li\u00ean d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996.<\/p>\n
G\u1ea7n 93 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Kinh Qur'an \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Slavic. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 Turkmenistan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng \u1edf Ashgabat, t\u1eeb Trung t\u00e2m V\u0103n h\u00f3a Alem \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nguy nga, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u1ed1p \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014Ahmed Sanjar t\u1ea1i Merv, L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Parau\u2011Ata\u2014l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tang l\u1ec5 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. C\u1ea5m \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do; m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u di chuy\u1ec3n trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. Gi\u00e1 ph\u00f2ng ngh\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Turkmenistan l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t Trung \u00c1: ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f4i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 30 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ec7n nghi t\u1ea7m trung c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 60 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u1edf Ashgabat c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 cho m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n. M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n "thu\u1ebf du l\u1ecbch" h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 2 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, manat (TMT), chia th\u00e0nh 100 tenge. Ti\u1ec1n xu\u2014m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 v\u00e0 50 tenge, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 1 v\u00e0 2 manat\u2014l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ATM ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ashgabat. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n manat c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Turkmen coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. Kh\u00e1ch c\u1edfi gi\u00e0y khi v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 mang theo nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. B\u00e1nh m\u00ec - th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean theo nghi l\u1ec5 - c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai tay; t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. M\u00ea t\u00edn v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: vi\u1ec7c hu\u00fdt s\u00e1o trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn xui x\u1ebbo; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m c\u1eaft m\u00f3ng tay ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 sinh theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u00e1i t\u00ean Berdimuhamedow \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh trong c\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u2014b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n
Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1edbt l\u1edd lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng; taxi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c. Kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch n\u00ean s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp xe ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p thay v\u00ec g\u1ecdi taxi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Turkmenistan n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Merv c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m\u2014Erk Kala, Sultan Kala\u2014m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean g\u1ea1ch b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 m\u00e0u ng\u1ecdc lam c\u1ee7a Konye\u2011Urgench m\u1ecdc l\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t hoang \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t, trong khi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 Parthia c\u1ee7a Nisa h\u01b0\u1edbng ra Karakum. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m gi\u00e0u l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u1ee7a Kow\u2011Ata m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eafm n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m hang \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u2014c\u00e1t sa m\u1ea1c Repetek, s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y b\u00e1ch x\u00f9 c\u1ee7a K\u00f6pet Dag v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caspi\u2014y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 s\u00e2u trong sa m\u1ea1c, h\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda Darvaza mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1eeba m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n
Turkmenistan ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5m s\u1eaft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. Du kh\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u00e1t n\u00e0y n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1ecfng manh ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n n\u00e0y\u2014n\u01a1i gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp quanh gi\u1ebfng\u2014Turkmenistan b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u1eb1m \u1edf Trung \u00c1, Turkmenistan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 35 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 phong ph\u00fa \u0111an xen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4331,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15457","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15457\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}