N\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 1.300 m\u00e9t, Kathmandu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bh\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y - ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Li\u00ean bang Nepal - v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang: v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kathmandu n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Kathmandu, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng. Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nepal Mandala\u2014\u201cmandala\u201d g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong ti\u1ebfng Newar\u2014thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Newar, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eadc thang v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y quanh co c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m con s\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Bagmati v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumante Khola v\u00e0 Tukucha Khola\u2014tr\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao xung quanh t\u1eeb 1.500 \u0111\u1ebfn 3.000 m\u00e9t. M\u1ed9t con k\u00eanh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a t\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3i Nagarjun \u0111\u1ebfn Balaju, cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 im \u1eafng. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Kathmandu bao g\u1ed3m 50,7 km\u00b2, ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Lalitpur (Patan), Kirtipur v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn Bhaktapur v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e1y thung l\u0169ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p, s\u00e2n trong \u1ea9n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Licchavi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Malla th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Durbar\u2014t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ba T\u01b0, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 "tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh"\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c trong hai s\u00e2n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft, n\u01a1i Kasthamandap, Kumari Ghar v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Hanuman Dhoka ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 huy ho\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Kathmandu n\u1eb1m \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.300 v\u00e0 1.400 m\u00e9t, tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m (Cwa theo K\u00f6ppen), v\u1edbi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m\u2014nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n 30 \u00b0C\u2014v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i xung quanh, cao h\u01a1n 1.500 m\u00e9t, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu cao nguy\u00ean c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (Cwb), n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ng\u00e0y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 1.400 mm, h\u01a1n 65 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a t\u00e2y nam t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u01b0 d\u00e2n: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u00edt \u1ecfi 356 mm v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 2.900 mm trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y n\u0103m 2003. Tuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfm hoi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 2007; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u20133,5 \u00b0C, x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i, thung l\u0169ng n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong Khu r\u1eebng gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, n\u01a1i c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i, c\u00e2y du, c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai v\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh; c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, trong khi c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai cao h\u01a1n. R\u00eca xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u1eebng bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i; ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft ngang c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, chia c\u1eaft r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2021 ghi nh\u1eadn 845.767 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, s\u1ed1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 105.600 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh; t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u. N\u0103m 1991, Kathmandu c\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 430.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2001, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 672.000 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2011, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng - di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m - \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u ngang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 2011, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 975.543 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong 254.292 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd c\u00f3 1,3 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Kathmandu l\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Newar, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 25 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Khas\u2014Bahuns (Hill Brahmin) v\u00e0 Chhetris\u2014c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 43 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Janajati, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Tamang, Magar, Gurung v\u00e0 Rai, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00eam 18 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, Marwadi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Madheshi kh\u00e1c sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, 70 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 59, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng Nepal l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a 62 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Ti\u1ebfng Newari v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh; ti\u1ebfng Tamang, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Gurung, Magar v\u00e0 Sherpa \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Kathmandu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1; Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed chi\u1ebfm thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3; v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt linh c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ecbch: Bisket Jatra t\u1ea1i Bhaktapur v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 4; c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Newar \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Indra Jatra v\u00e0 Gai Jatra; Dashain v\u00e0 Tihar tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Nepal; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Losar v\u00e0 Buddha Jayanti. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2014cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1n Pashupatinath, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o th\u00e1p Boudhanath hay c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang l\u00ean Swayambhunath\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 s\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1979, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3y khu v\u1ef1c di t\u00edch trong thung l\u0169ng: Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Durbar c\u1ee7a Kathmandu, Patan (Lalitpur) v\u00e0 Bhaktapur; c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Hindu c\u1ee7a Pashupatinath v\u00e0 Changu Narayan; c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Swayambhunath v\u00e0 Boudhanath. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfm 189 ha, v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng 2.394 ha. Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 Hanuman Dhoka\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc Licchavi, c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eddi Malla v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ea cung g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2n\u2014\u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Durbar c\u1ee7a Kathmandu. H\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t nung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kumari Ghar, n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng, Kumari Devi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra chi\u00eam tinh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Taleju cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng bu\u1ed9c b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui. Kasthamandap, n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9-T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Ba t\u1ea7ng m\u00e1i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng khung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Maru; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2015, nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pashupatinath, b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Bagmati, c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Shiva t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mughal v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn\u2014m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thanh x\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc\u2014v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Hindu linh thi\u00eang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nepal. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hindu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean b\u00ean trong; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c ghats v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1edd b\u00ean kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Boudhanath, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u00e1i v\u00f2m tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft to\u00e0n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh ch\u00e2n th\u00e1p, quay b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o c\u1edd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi. Xung quanh b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gompa T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Swayambhunath, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u00e3y n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1 d\u1eabn l\u00ean m\u00e1i v\u00f2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eadu gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u2014m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tinh ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ranipokhari, H\u1ed3 N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng, n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1670 b\u1edfi Vua Pratap Malla sau khi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi th\u1ea3m, ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eafp cao m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, t\u1ea1i Bhai Tika, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh anh ch\u1ecb em. Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh voi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1, thung l\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Tranh Paubha\u2014bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi Ashokan\u2014c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Tantra. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1; th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kathmandu l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia, n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh Swayambhunath, m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed; ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u0169 kh\u00ed, di v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng gia. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nepal. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Tribhuvan v\u00e0 Mahendra t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Narayanhiti, n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t ho\u00e0ng gia n\u0103m 2001, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean t\u1eebng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Taragaon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Carl Pruscha h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970, ghi l\u1ea1i n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia, Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y NEF\u2011ART v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nepal t\u1ea1i Babar Mahal t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m t\u1eeb tranh cu\u1ed9n Thangka \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Srijana v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Moti Azima t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt J v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y NAFA cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh danh v\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Anh, Trung t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Kathmandu, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kathmandu pha tr\u1ed9n c\u01a1m h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eadu l\u0103ng (dal bhat) v\u1edbi c\u00e0 ri rau, achar v\u00e0 chutney; momo\u2014b\u00e1nh bao h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c chi\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ecbt b\u00f2, th\u1ecbt g\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c rau\u2014hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi dal bhat nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tr\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Chiya, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 s\u1eefa gia v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u g\u1ea1o (thwon), bia k\u00ea (tongba) v\u00e0 raksi ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t; th\u1ecbt tr\u00e2u chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, trong khi th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n mang nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi du l\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n lai\u2014trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f3n chop suey c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9\u2014v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c cao c\u1ea5p \u1edf Thamel v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Kathmandu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat giao c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9-T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Lhasa Newar v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n pashmina, gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o cao. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u2014kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i, d\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m g\u1ed1m\u2014v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y may m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea3m. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\u2014c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng 550 t\u1ef7 NPR h\u00e0ng n\u0103m\u2014chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba GDP c\u1ee7a Nepal. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra 21 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m doanh thu; s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 19 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m; n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. S\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Nepal, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung trong ph\u1ea1m vi KMC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du l\u1ecbch v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. T\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6.200 l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Kathmandu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000; xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 2013, TripAdvisor x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Thamel, m\u1ed9t m\u00ea cung g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch; Jhamsikhel\u2014\u201cJhamel\u201d\u2014v\u00e0 Ph\u1ed1 Freak l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hippie. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n sang tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1eef h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho du kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u tr\u00ean d\u00e3y Himalaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo v\u00e0nh \u0111ai l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y thung l\u0169ng\u2014\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Tribhuvan v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Araniko v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Prithvi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c BP v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Xe bu\u00fdt Sajha Yatayat v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong thung l\u0169ng; xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch t\u1eebng n\u1ed1i Tripureshwor v\u00e0 Suryabinayak, gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c. S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Tribhuvan, c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch l\u1edbn\u2014Boeing 777, Airbus A330, Dreamliner\u2014v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 ATR 72 v\u00e0 Dash 8 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p treo, tuy th\u00f4 s\u01a1, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i Nepal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kathmandu l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n: nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1edd s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh; nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng; nghi l\u1ec5 Hindu v\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd\u2014m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3 m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u1edf d\u00e3y Himalaya\u2014v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a: quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn vang v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a, ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Trong s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, Kathmandu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 canh g\u00e1c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kathmandu, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Nepal, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Nepal n\u0103m 2021, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 845.767 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa trong 105.649 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 4 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong khu v\u1ef1c. N\u1eb1m \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Kathmandu, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n trung Nepal \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.400 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3568,"parent":15371,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15380","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15380\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15371"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}