Nepal chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cung \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u1ecfng bao quanh \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Himalaya v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u1edf ph\u00eda xa. Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 800 km t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 200 km, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest cao 8.848,86 m\u00e9t, d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n-H\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai cao \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3ng 75 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 - khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi si\u00eau l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Gondwana - b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, do \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Khi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea3ng \u00c1-\u00c2u, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb h\u00fat ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e1ch n\u00fai ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 chia c\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c sa m\u1ea1c tr\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. N\u01a1i c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00e2u; \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed3, khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 tr\u0169ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 Thung l\u0169ng Kathmandu. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1ng r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 sa, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Terai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00f9ng va ch\u1ea1m n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba trong s\u1ed1 2.400 km c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Himalaya trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nepal, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n-H\u1eb1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ba v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ch\u00ednh: \u201cHimal\u201d tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebft quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u201ct\u00e1m ng\u00e0n\u201d, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u201cPahad\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 4.000 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u201cTerai\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng Koshi, Narayani v\u00e0 Karnali. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 cao quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Nepal r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9. D\u01b0\u1edbi 1.200 m\u00e9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf; gi\u1eefa 1.200 v\u00e0 2.400 m\u00e9t, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean; 2.400 \u0111\u1ebfn 3.600 m\u00e9t r\u01a1i v\u00e0o d\u1ea3i l\u1ea1nh; 3.600 \u0111\u1ebfn 4.400 m\u00e9t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh c\u1eadn B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c; v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 4.400 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u0103ng t\u00edch. N\u0103m m\u00f9a \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t n\u0103m: m\u00f9a h\u00e8 kh\u00f4, m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, m\u00f9a thu m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y quang \u0111\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n Himalaya ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 cay n\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nepal l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, g\u1ea7n 9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m chim v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0, c\u00e1, b\u01b0\u1edbm, s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm v\u00e0 nh\u1ec7n. R\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y - ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t - l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hoa, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u00eau. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sa m\u1ea1c B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: t\u1eeb 60 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1edf Terai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cNepal\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p tr\u00ean ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, mi\u1ec1n nam Nepal \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gautama t\u1ea1i Lumbini, khai sinh ra Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, trong khi Thung l\u0169ng Kathmandu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a li\u00ean minh Newar, Nepal Mandala. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a Himalaya, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n Newar \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kinh ng\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 \u0111a gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 kim lo\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Gorkha tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Shah, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a, Nepal \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c Anh v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1951, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Hindu cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2015 c\u1ee7a Nepal \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean bang g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y t\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang, 77 qu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 753 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00e0nh 6.743 ph\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, trong khi c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i qu\u1eadn tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Nepal gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1955 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ban th\u01b0 k\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c Nam \u00c1 (SAARC). T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp trong Phong tr\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bV\u1ecbnh Bengal nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, trong khi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (n\u0103m 1950) v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (n\u0103m 1960) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 125 nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i h\u01a1n 120 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb, Nepal l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2011 ghi nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng Nepal l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a 44,6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Nepal Bhasa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh\u2014\u1ea4n-Aryan, H\u00e1n-T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp\u2014ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ed1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfng Nepal, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Devanagari, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Terai nh\u01b0 Maithili, Awadhi v\u00e0 Bhojpuri ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda nam, trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u00e0 Terai kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Devanagari ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t 26,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950. Di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o Terai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n thung l\u0169ng, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Kathmandu, "Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n", v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c\u2014Pokhara, Biratnagar, Lalitpur v\u00e0 Bharatpur\u2014ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khan hi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 81 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1; Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm 9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, Kirant animism, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00fang thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Nepal l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 theo \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o - th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt - v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Dashain v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Gadhimai n\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hy sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c s\u0103n l\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p, b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1963 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nghi l\u1ec5. N\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng gia \u0111\u00ecnh chung chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ly h\u00f4n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb em v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Nepal tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p Ashokan \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Kathmandu \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n Newar. \u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng\u2014c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ankhijhyal\u2014v\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecdn m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim lo\u1ea1i. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Patan, Bhaktapur v\u00e0 Kathmandu Durbar cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 thank\u0101 (paubha T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng Newar. Changu Narayan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng g\u1ed7 tinh x\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c thanh ch\u1ed1ng, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1i hi\u00ean nh\u00f4 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, trang ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ea5n v\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh. Sari\u2014s\u00e1u th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea3i\u2014bao b\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00e1o c\u00e1nh cholo, v\u1eeba k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u1eeba thanh l\u1ecbch. Trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, trang ph\u1ee5c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 gunyu t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Dhoti c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi bao quanh eo v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi langauti. C\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5n v\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng patuka, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e9t con dao khukuri cong. Kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng, kh\u0103n x\u1ebfp (pheta, pagri), m\u1ea1ng che m\u1eb7t (ghumto) v\u00e0 kh\u0103n qu\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 (kha\u1e6da, pachhyaura) ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ee7 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Nepal ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Colombia \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp khoai t\u00e2y, ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u1edbt, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh. \u1ede Terai, g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng k\u00ea, l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c\u2014c\u01a1m h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c dhindo (ch\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c)\u2014\u0103n k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadu l\u0103ng, rau v\u00e0 d\u01b0a chua, n\u00eam v\u1edbi t\u1ecfi, g\u1eebng v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u0129a th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, hay th\u0101l\u012b, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u00e1t \u0111\u1eadu l\u0103ng, c\u00e0 ri rau, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4ng xung quanh h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1nh m\u00ec kh\u00f4ng men nh\u01b0 chapati thay th\u1ebf g\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda nam. Tsampa, b\u1ed9t l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch rang, nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 gia s\u00fac \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao. Rau xanh l\u00ean men nh\u01b0 gundruk cung c\u1ea5p vitamin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0103n chay, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Upanishadic v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ahi\u1e43s\u0101, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecbt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Shaktism \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nepal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi GDP danh ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n 1.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 16,8 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2014ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eadu, h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u, m\u00eda, \u0111ay, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i\u2014s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 GDP; c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ec7t may, th\u1ea3m, xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 15 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m; d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1n c\u00e2n. Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 8 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1: kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, 16.100 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 59 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng. H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m huy\u1ec7n - 47 s\u00e2n bay, 11 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a - nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia, Nepal Airlines, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn EU \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch \u0111en. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017; h\u01a1n 60 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ea3y qua \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, du l\u1ecbch h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n: m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, "c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn", c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch du l\u1ecbch, Nepal th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong n\u0103m v\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao. D\u00e3y Himalaya cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Everest bao ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Great Himalaya b\u0103ng qua, v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Thung l\u0169ng Kathmandu neo gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd d\u00e1t v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ed3i Middle, bao g\u1ed3m Pokhara v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng quanh Annapurna, h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea. Terai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Chitwan v\u00e0 Bardiya c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Lumbini, n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Terai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Biratnagar, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Bhaktapur; Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Durbar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Patan; \u0110\u1ec1n Janaki c\u1ee7a Janakpur; Ch\u1ee3 Sherpa c\u1ee7a Namche Bazaar; v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh d\u00e3y Himalaya c\u1ee7a Nagarkot. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m linh thi\u00eang nh\u01b0 Haleshi v\u00e0 Parping b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u \u201cNamaste\u201d\u2014l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng\u2014l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. Tay ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, cho v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn; tay tr\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda sau khi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n. \u0110i v\u00f2ng quanh \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 \u1edf ch\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng, xin ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n\u2014l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nepal\u2014t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7m r\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Himalaya \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebft; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm Newar \u0111an xen d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 gia s\u00fac th\u01b0a th\u1edbt\u2014th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 mong manh b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y minh ch\u1ee9ng cho h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 giao l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 Nam v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Nepal v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Nepal l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf r\u00eca thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nepal, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Nam \u00c1, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 29.651.054 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 51 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u00e3y Himalaya v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ea4n-H\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nepal bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i r\u1eebng c\u1eadn n\u00fai cao v\u00e0 t\u00e1m trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ec9nh Everest mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3656,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15371","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15371\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}