Pakistan chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, n\u01a1i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u00fai, sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p nhau trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1, Pakistan tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Himalaya v\u00e0 Karakoram, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t Sindh \u0111\u1ebfn cao nguy\u00ean Balochistan. \u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 241 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2014v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede Balochistan, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Mehrgarh - c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 6500 TCN - cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n t\u00e1m thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2600 TCN, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng Indus t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Harappa v\u00e0 Mohenjo\u2011daro, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1edbi, gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 kho th\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1ee5 thu ho\u1ea1ch. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Takht\u2011i\u2011Bahi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean phong c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc Gandhara, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf: c\u00e1c satrap Achaemenid, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Mauryan, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Kushan, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Gupta. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c caliph Umayyad; sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Hindu Shahi v\u00e0 Ghaznavid \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Delhi v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Mughal \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba\u2014s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Mughal \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho Lahore Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Badshahi, V\u01b0\u1eddn Shalimar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Anh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, k\u00eanh t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1906 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m b\u1ea7u c\u1eed 1946, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1947, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c Anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Pakistan ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e2y Pakistan (ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Pakistan) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Pakistan (nay l\u00e0 Bangladesh). \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bi th\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1956, qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang, t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Pakistan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e1nh t\u1ecf ra mong manh. N\u0103m 1971, sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, \u0110\u00f4ng Pakistan \u0111\u00e3 ly khai \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Bangladesh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Pakistan \u0111\u00e3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, Pakistan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Next Eleven s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Trong khi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng - l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Indus c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch - th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xung quanh Karachi, Lahore v\u00e0 Islamabad \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh. V\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Pakistan c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. N\u0103m 1998, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gia nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u2014Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u2014trong khi li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Pakistan\u2014kho\u1ea3ng 882.000 km\u00b2\u2014b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo Bi\u1ec3n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 V\u1ecbnh Oman tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1.000 km, n\u01a1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n che ch\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e1. Trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, Sa m\u1ea1c Thar tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n, c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n theo gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, khi M\u1ea3ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o M\u1ea3ng \u00c1-\u00c2u: t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00e3y Karakoram, Hindu Kush v\u00e0 Pamir. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 K2 (8.611 m), Nanga Parbat (8.126 m) v\u00e0 ba "t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn" kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng Indus tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Kashmir \u0111\u1ebfn Sindh, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Pakistan. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nam, Cao nguy\u00ean Balochistan h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng cao c\u1ee7a Iran, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc: c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Kashmir n\u0103m 2005 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u00f3\u2014t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a r\u00fat lui ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 sinh k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pakistan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean bang bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh\u2014Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa v\u00e0 Balochistan\u2014v\u00e0 ba v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5: L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Islamabad, Gilgit-Baltistan v\u00e0 Azad Kashmir. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn, tehsil v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean bang, m\u1ed7i qu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u. Quy ch\u1ebf b\u00e1n t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Gilgit-Baltistan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Pakistan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Punjab, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 37 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pashtun (18 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda t\u00e2y; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sindhi (14 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Saraiki (12 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Urdu (9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Anh trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baloch, Brahui, Hindkowan, Kashmir v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. H\u01a1n b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Himalaya \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Pakistan t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 34 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1951 l\u00ean h\u01a1n 241 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2023. \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, nh\u01b0ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh cao - \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 3,5 tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022 - khi\u1ebfn Pakistan tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: h\u01a1n 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (96 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Sunni), v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa (1,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu (2,2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m), c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sikh, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, Zoroastrian v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt linh (Kalasha) \u1edf c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng xa x\u00f4i. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xung quanh c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng khi thanh ni\u00ean di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u2014shalwar kameez\u2014v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, trong khi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Pakistan \u0111\u00e3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0 theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ba theo GDP danh ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang kinh t\u1ebf - \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh lang kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c - Pakistan - n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng Gwadar v\u00e0 Karachi v\u1edbi T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n 264.000 km, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c\u2014ch\u1ec9 2.500 km\u2014ch\u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh b\u1eafc-nam k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi Lahore, Islamabad v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Afghanistan. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m Orange Line c\u1ee7a Lahore (d\u00e0i 27 km) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 2020; c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Lahore, Rawalpindi\u2013Islamabad, Multan, Peshawar v\u00e0 Karachi; c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tuy\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Karachi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u01a1n 150 s\u00e2n bay, trong \u0111\u00f3 Jinnah International \u1edf Karachi l\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Pakistan International Airlines, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Karachi, C\u1ea3ng Qasim, Gwadar v\u00e0 Pasni qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng container, \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u1eddi. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di s\u1ea3n d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n hai ngh\u00ecn km c\u1ee7a Pakistan cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb t\u00e0n t\u00edch Thung l\u0169ng Indus \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c di t\u00edch Mughal, c\u00e1c bungalow thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m: Mohenjo-daro; Takht-i-Bahi v\u00e0 Sahr-i-Bahlol; Taxila; Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Lahore v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn Shalimar; c\u00e1c di t\u00edch Thatta; v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Rohtas. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u2014t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Lahore \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia Karachi v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Islamabad\u2014tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: g\u1ed1m xanh Multan, h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t Ajrak c\u1ee7a Sindh, gi\u00e0y da khussa c\u1ee7a Punjab, v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 r\u1eebng b\u00e1ch x\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Balochistan. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi v\u00e0 Pashto d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u01a1 Sufi, v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb nh\u1ea1c qawwali s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c pop c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Pakistan ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Mughal, th\u1ecbt Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb Nam \u00c1. C\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o roti ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1m, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadu l\u0103ng, rau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt t\u1ea9m gia v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0\u2014g\u00e0, d\u00ea, th\u1ecbt b\u00f2\u2014n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi t\u1ecfi, g\u1eebng, ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 garam masala. Lassi, ng\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 tr\u00e0 \u0111en s\u1eefa th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 sohan halwa t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n nam Punjab l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n sau b\u1eefa \u0103n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Murree s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u00e0 h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb mehman\u2011nawazi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1. Nghi th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o trang ph\u1ee5c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u01a1i gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi ra\u2014v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Eid ul\u2011Fitr, Ramadan, Holi ho\u1eb7c Diwali, khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Hippie nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Pakistan sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu do lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an ninh. N\u0103m 2018, kho\u1ea3ng 6,6 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, tu vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Mughal v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan n\u00fai cao. Thung l\u0169ng Hunza v\u00e0 Chitral l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kalasha; H\u1ed3 Saiful Muluk, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Karakoram v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 Murree v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Khunjerab v\u00e0 Ayubia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch\u2014c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 an ninh c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1: \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u1edf Gilgit-Baltistan, c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch di s\u1ea3n \u1edf Lahore, c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u1edf Gwadar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m d\u1ecdc theo H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Indus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Pakistan\u2014v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb, ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o\u2014c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c dai d\u1eb3ng: \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng; tham nh\u0169ng tr\u00e0n lan; v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n khi th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1ee3 gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1; c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i giao, Pakistan \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Afghanistan, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, an ninh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Pakistan l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh; nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp n\u1eafng; nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, Pakistan v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u2014v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pakistan l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 241,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai. N\u1eb1m \u1edf Nam \u00c1, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 33 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Islamabad; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, Karachi, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4740,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15305","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15305\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}