Nestled at the junction of Central and West Asia, Iran commands a swath of territory stretching from the rocky shores of the Caspian Sea down to the heat\u2011cracked sands of the Persian Gulf. Covering 1,648,195 km\u00b2, it stands as the 17\u1d57\u02b0\u2011largest nation in both area and population\u2014nearly 86 million people call its rugged mountains, desert basins, and fertile plains home. Yet numbers alone cannot convey the sheer scale of its ambition nor the depth of its heritage. From early Lower Paleolithic bands carving flint to modern bazaars humming with commerce, Iran\u2019s story is that of continual reinvention amid the pressures of conquest, religion, and resource.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Iran \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Bi\u1ec3n Caspi bao quanh c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y Hyrcanian c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a l\u1edbn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 tr\u00f4i qua d\u01b0\u1edbi 29 \u00b0C, \u0111\u00eam m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng\u2014g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, sa m\u1ea1c Kavir v\u00e0 Lut \u1edf trung t\u00e2m b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t; Sa m\u1ea1c Lut gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 70,7 \u00b0C v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005. C\u00e1c b\u00e3i mu\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t; th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh len l\u1ecfi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Encircling these basins rise some of the world\u2019s most formidable ranges: the Zagros in the west, flanked by fertile basins that cradle villages dating back millennia; the Alborz along the Caspian, guarding the colossal Mount Damavand, Asia\u2019s highest volcano at 5,610 m. These mountains have long determined how people live and move\u2014traditional trade routes skirt passes, and seismic tremors reshape villages with alarming regularity. On average, a magnitude\u2011seven quake rattles Iran every decade, reminding inhabitants of restless tectonics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ecbnh Oman, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Iran c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba thanh b\u00ecnh. Greater v\u00e0 Lesser Tunbs v\u00e0 Abu Musa\u2014g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean\u2014chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u00fat th\u1eaft quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i Eo bi\u1ec3n Hormuz. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, \u0110\u1ea3o Kish l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; Qeshm, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a UNESCO t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016, \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng mu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Namakdan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Iran tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e2y xanh c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 u \u00e1m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong h\u01a1n 1.700 mm l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m; c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a d\u01b0\u1edbi 200 mm. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Zagros khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, trong khi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30. D\u1ecdc theo V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u0103ng cao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40 \u00b0C; l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 135 mm. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda an ninh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Iran n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 s\u01a1 khai, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Medes d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Cyaxares l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Cyrus \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Achaemenid v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf Persepolis; c\u00e1c satrap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb Lydia \u0111\u1ebfn Bactria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Achaemenid, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Parthia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa Seleucid, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Iran. \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Sasanian m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Sasanian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng; \u0111\u1ec1n l\u1eeda li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Iran\u2014Tahirids, Samanids, Buyids\u2014\u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c caliph Abbasid, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ba T\u01b0, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Zoroastrian trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Seljuk v\u00e0 Khwarazmians th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Timurid \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, khai sinh ra c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Timurid. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1501, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Safavid \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Iran, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Twelver Shi\u02beism l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Shi\u02bei Ba T\u01b0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp theo sau: Nh\u00e0 Afsharid d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Nader Shah \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Iran tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18; Nh\u00e0 Qajar \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19; Nh\u00e0 Pahlavi c\u1ee7a Reza Shah (1925\u201379) \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf\u2014tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Mohammad Mossadegh qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u0103m 1951 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Anh-M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1953 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1979, s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ayatollah Khomeini \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, Iraq \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c; cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00e1m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u, xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, Iran ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m trong tay nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eabn th\u1ea9m tra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u2014c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Iran v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 10% d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 15% kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia Shia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb Hezbollah c\u1ee7a Lebanon \u0111\u1ebfn Iraq v\u00e0 Yemen. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eafm gi\u1eef gh\u1ebf trong Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, OIC, OPEC, ECO, NAM, SCO v\u00e0\u2014t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024\u2014BRICS, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, Iran n\u1eafm gi\u1eef n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 23 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb GDP, theo sau l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tehran, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 30% nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kinh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. S\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Tehran ni\u00eam y\u1ebft h\u01a1n 40 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng rial v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hydrocarbons underpin revenue. As an OPEC member, Iran wields clout\u2014yet international sanctions since 1979 have stifled development. Tourism has compensated: by 2019, foreign arrivals neared nine million, a global growth leader. After a 2020 pandemic slippage, 2023 saw a 43\u202f% rise to six million visitors. The end of visa requirements for 60 countries and $32 billion in planned investments signal ambitions to convert Iran\u2019s storied past\u2014Persepolis, Shiraz, Isfahan\u2014into economic dividends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi 173.000 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (73% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a) \u0111an xen c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o n\u00fai v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Tehran\u2013Bandar Abbas k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0 v\u1edbi Trung \u00c1 qua Mashhad. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Iran\u2014Abbas tr\u00ean Eo bi\u1ec3n Hormuz; Anzali v\u00e0 Torkeman tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n Caspi; Khorramshahr v\u00e0 Emam Khomeyni d\u1ecdc theo V\u1ecbnh\u2014x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u quan tr\u1ecdng. Du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; Iran Air k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi Tehran Metro, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf h\u01a1n ba tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn 820 tri\u1ec7u chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018. Xe bu\u00fdt l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng; xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u20149% GDP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Iran \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt t\u1eeb 19 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956 l\u00ean 85 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2023. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb 6,5 xu\u1ed1ng 1,7 tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00ean 1,39% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n 105 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 27% l\u00ean 60% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1950-2002, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Afghanistan v\u00e0 Iraq, \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Iran, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m y t\u1ebf, h\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u00ean tai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Azerbaijan tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111a s\u1ed1 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u0103m 2003 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm 51% v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Azerbaijan chi\u1ebfm 24%; Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e0nh 65% v\u00e0 16%. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kurd, Gilak, Mazanderani, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Lurs, Balochis, Turkmen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfng Ba T\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh: Gilaki v\u00e0 Mazenderani \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc; c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Kurd \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y; Luri \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam; ti\u1ebfng Azerbaijan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Turkic kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u2014Armenia, Gruzia, Neo\u2011Aramaic, ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp\u2014v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Shi'a Twelver r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c 90\u201395% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Iran; Sunni v\u00e0 Sufi chi\u1ebfm 5\u201310%. Yarsanism, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kurd, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ee9c tin Baha'\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u2014Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, Zoroastrianism, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Sunni\u2014gi\u1eef gh\u1ebf trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung \u0110\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Israel; s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Armenia v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 250.000\u2013370.000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Iran tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO\u2014Persepolis, Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Naghsh\u2011e Jahan, Chogha Zanbil, Pasargadae, Yazd\u2014n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Hyrcanian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Nowruz. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0a Iran l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 5.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m v\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m\u2014m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 song v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do trong trang tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The National Museum of Iran in Tehran, comprising Ancient Iran and Islamic Era wings, preserves the nation\u2019s archaeological corpus and ranks among the world\u2019s top institutions. In 2019, some 25 million visits graced museums nationwide, including Golestan Palace, the Treasury of National Jewels, the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and dozens more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Iran k\u1ebft tinh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e0nh chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u: th\u1ecbt n\u01b0\u1edbng xi\u00ean ngon ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean than; c\u01a1m th\u1eadp c\u1ea9m pha ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y; m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m khoresh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ecbt, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0103n, s\u1eefa chua nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t (mast-o-khiar), sabzi (th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1i), salad Shirazi v\u00e0 torshi (d\u01b0a chua) l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. Borani, Mirza Qasemi v\u00e0 kashk e bademjan cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e0 t\u00edm v\u00e0 v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e0, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb \u1ea5m samovar; falude\u2014sorbet n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa h\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi b\u00fan\u2014v\u00e0 Bastani Sonnati, kem ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb\u2014th\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3, chanh kh\u00f4, qu\u1ebf, ngh\u1ec7\u2014mang l\u1ea1i s\u1eafc th\u00e1i; tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1 mu\u1ed1i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n Caspi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 xa x\u1ec9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua b\u1ea3y v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: Sistan v\u00e0 Baluchestan g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n; Bi\u1ec3n Caspi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9; Trung Iran nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi Tehran, Qom v\u00e0 Esfahan; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 linh thi\u00eang Mashhad c\u1ee7a Khorasan; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh n\u1eafng; v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Azerbaijan; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf T\u00e2y Iran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Iranian hospitality is legendary. Guests receive the warmest welcome\u2014\u201cKheili Khosh Amadid\u201d\u2014yet caution mingles with curiosity. Politeness dictates that men await a woman\u2019s offer before extending a handshake. In rural areas and holy sites, conservative dress prevails: women don a headscarf (rusari), knee\u2011length manteau, and loose trousers; some holy shrines require the full black chador. Men wear long sleeves; ties are best avoided near government offices. During recent protests (from October 2022), women\u2019s partial unveiling carried grave risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 gi\u01a1 ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i l\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; v\u1eaby l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i nh\u1edd xe, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t \u0111i; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u1eeda Zoroastrian, n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u2014v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed9p chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi Iran v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cV\u1ecbnh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Iran th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh v\u1eeba ti\u00ean phong, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan - \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t. Bi\u1ebft Iran l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t n\u00ean t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u1edf ng\u00e3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Iran, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1eb1m \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c1, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 90 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1.648.195 km2. Qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 17 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Iran t\u1ea1i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c1, Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3845,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14947","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14947\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}