\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1830 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Akmoly tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ishim, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Astana ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kazakh. Trong v\u00f2ng hai n\u0103m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0 Akmolinsk, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Tselinograd, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a khai ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa m\u00ec. Sau khi Kazakhstan gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Akmola v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Astana - theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 "th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4" trong ti\u1ebfng Kazakh - khi tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Almaty v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1997. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh Nur-Sultan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, Nursultan Nazarbayev; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, t\u00ean th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Astana n\u1eb1m \u1edf 51\u00b010\u2032 B\u1eafc, 71\u00b026\u2032 \u0110\u00f4ng, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 347 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean mi\u1ec1n trung Kazakhstan. S\u00f4ng Ishim chia \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, b\u1edd b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn c\u0169 v\u00e0 b\u1edd nam c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 35 \u00b0C, trong khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb \u201330 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn \u201335 \u00b0C, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201351,6 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1893. Tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4, trong khi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 dai d\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn B\u1edd Tr\u00e1i tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c b\u00e0i d\u1ef1 thi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Kisho Kurokawa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng khung cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn: c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean kia tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-t\u00e2y; gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m; v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Ishim, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, khu ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ecdc l\u00ean d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vladimir Laptev h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t "Berlin theo phong c\u00e1ch \u00c1-\u00c2u", t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Astana c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Th\u00e1p Bayterek, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cao 97 m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia; du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u c\u1ecd v\u00e0ng do nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00fac. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Norman Foster, m\u1ed9t kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh cao 62 m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ecf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u00f4n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Trung t\u00e2m Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed Khan Shatyr, m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p trong su\u1ed1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ec1u, bao quanh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i che c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Hazrat Sultan, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2012, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a 10.000 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m cao v\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung \u00c1. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn Astana, m\u1edf c\u1eeda n\u0103m 2022, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c. Hai nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3\u2014Nur-Astana (2008) v\u00e0 Khazret Sultan\u2014tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1n Parthenon \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Nga Assumption b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Opera Astana, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean, thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Kazakhstan. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ba ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00e0ng Scythia c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho Bayterek v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i v\u00f2m l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb yurt, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Kazakhstan trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh V\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ao n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111ang bay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao, v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o r\u00e2m m\u00e1t d\u1ecdc theo Ishim. C\u00e1c di t\u00edch\u2014nh\u01b0 bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng Kazakh Eli c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con chim Samryk huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u2014n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea1p xi\u1ebfc) l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 thao m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 2011 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Astana cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Expo 2017, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o khi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Astana l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nursultan Nazarbayev, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m 17 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 7,5 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Air Astana. Hai nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh\u2014Astana-1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ga Nurly Zhol sau Expo 2017\u2014n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi Almaty qua tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh Tulpar Talgo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Nga v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi 12.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ga m\u1edbi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u01a1n 60 tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt ch\u1edf 720.000 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf \u0111i chung xe ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ed5 sung cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 taxi. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Astana Light Metro c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011; sau khi b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tham nh\u0169ng n\u0103m 2019, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb xe \u0111\u1ea1p AstanaBike cung c\u1ea5p 40 tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 1.000 xe \u0111\u1ea1p; ph\u00ed th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 5.000 tenge m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc cho th\u1ebb RFID v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 theo gi\u1edd t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 500.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Astana \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t 1.528.703 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2025. Di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Kazakh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1989, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh chi\u1ebfm 17,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm 82,3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga chi\u1ebfm 8,6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine 1,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar 1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbek 0,6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c 6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Astana d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft), KazMunayGas (d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed), Samruk-Kazyna (qu\u1ef9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n), Kazatomprom (uranium) v\u00e0 Kazakhtelecom. Trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Astana \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2018 theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh; n\u0103m 2022, n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 CIS tr\u00ean Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u00fat h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cho S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bV\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 qua Trung \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t khu kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n - t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t - v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean 13,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng 17,8 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015. N\u0103m 2016, Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea Astana trong s\u1ed1 21 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 2018, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 7,9 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Astana chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n qu\u1eadn. Qu\u1eadn Almaty (21.054 ha; 375.938 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n) v\u00e0 Qu\u1eadn Saryarka (19.202 ha; 339.286 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1998. Qu\u1eadn Yesil, hay Left Bank (31.179 ha; 119.929 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2008. Qu\u1eadn Baykonyr (18.129 ha; 233.351 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2018, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i qu\u1eadn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, pha tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng gian xanh, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 v\u00e0 khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu ngo\u1ea1i giao, khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Ishim. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh dung vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Astana minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch di d\u1eddi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kazakhstan, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, trong khi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Astana, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Kazakhstan, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc trung t\u00e2m Kazakhstan, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi 1.350.228 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1eb1m \u1edf V\u00f9ng Akmola tr\u00ean b\u1edd S\u00f4ng Ishim, Astana c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Kazakhstan, ch\u1ec9 sau Almaty, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2988,"parent":14923,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14929","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14929\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}