Kazakhstan chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 giao nhau v\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng\u2014Nga \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Kyrgyzstan \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, Uzbekistan \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 Turkmenistan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam\u2014v\u00e0 n\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n Caspi. Astana, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc; Almaty, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i Trans-Ili Alatau. C\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Caspi \u0111\u1ebfn D\u00e3y n\u00fai Altay, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y Siberia \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 2,7 tri\u1ec7u km2\u2014t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2y \u00c2u\u2014Kazakhstan \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1eef danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf; m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba n\u1eefa bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p; r\u00eca ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kazakh tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n t\u00e1m tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn km2, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf kh\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ecf nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1t, h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ebbm n\u00fai \u1ea9n, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Charyn\u2014m\u1ed9t v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1edbi ba tr\u0103m m\u00e9t, che ch\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i tro t\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp t\u1eeb K\u1ef7 B\u0103ng h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169. Trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c Iran\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scythia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Saka v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2014\u0111\u00e3 lang thang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u00f2 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Turkic \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Khi Kim Tr\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c tan r\u00e3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c khan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c Kazakh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ph\u00e2n chia, hay j\u00fczes, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m, h\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chia th\u00e0nh ba j\u00fczes v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Nga. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t du m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1917, v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft T\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Kazakhstan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. N\u0103m 1936, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y: m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Stalin, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Virgin Lands v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 1960 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3. Khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1991, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbek, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y ghi nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Hanafi; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf theo c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Kazakhstan. Qu\u1ef9 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n doanh thu t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia; \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n. Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0a Kazakhstan v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft, b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 urani h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm gi\u1eef than, crom, mangan v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 1,54 tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009; c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kh\u00ed ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Tokarevskoye g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014ba nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u \u1edf Atyrau, Pavlodar v\u00e0 Shymkent\u2014kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf phosphorite \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Karatau v\u00e0 Aqtobe c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n; khai th\u00e1c uranium v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bminh b\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 coi Kazakhstan tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 doanh thu c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec, gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may\u2014b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh; m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4; l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u00edt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu. Astana ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng -25 \u00b0C, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Ulaanbaatar. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean khi Bi\u1ec3n Aral \u1edf ph\u00eda nam kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1o d\u1ea1i, nho v\u00e0 hoa tulip \u1edf c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng trung t\u00e2m; c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u1eebu Argali v\u00e0 linh mi\u00eau \u00c1-\u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o tuy\u1ebft \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i du nh\u1eadp ng\u1ef1a Przewalski \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i ng\u1ef1a hoang d\u00e3 n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean sau g\u1ea7n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, Kazakhstan chia th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a: Almaty, Astana, Shymkent v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u00ea Baikonur, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u00e2n bay v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 do Nga \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u1eadn\u2014m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng giao th\u00f4ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch; h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c gia Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ngh\u00ecn km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u1ed5 1.520 mm, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u1ed1i Almaty v\u00e0 Petropavl xa x\u00f4i h\u01a1n hai ngh\u00ecn km trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edd. Ga Astana Nurly Zhol, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. Almaty c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m d\u00e0i t\u00e1m km; c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111ang ch\u1edd t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. C\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4 Khorgos Gateway tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xuy\u00ean \u00c1-\u00c2u n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Astana v\u00e0 Almaty, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, trong khi Air Astana v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kazakhstan \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 2018, GDP \u0111\u1ea1t 179 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 4,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m; s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 9.700 \u0111\u00f4 la. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 19 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 22 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2015. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kazakhstan \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u1ee3 IMF v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y n\u0103m so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2008, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 21 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la - hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP - \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi chi ti\u00eau th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh thu t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Kazakhstan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m. N\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n so v\u1edbi GDP, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 8,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 l\u00ean 19,2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp WTO v\u00e0 \u00c1-\u00c2u, gia nh\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Li\u00ean minh Kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. N\u0103m 2014, du l\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfm 0,3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t 3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m c\u1ee5m khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c cho h\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia CIS l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn EU, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda sau n\u00fai c\u1ee7a Almaty \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Baikonur, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi v\u1eafng v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m b\u1edfi chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u0103n h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Nga x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Kazakh t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 theo m\u00f9a, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c. H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o lan truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Samanids v\u00e0 Golden Horde. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1edbi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd\u2014t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di s\u1ea3n k\u00e9p: Kazakh, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kipchak Turkic, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Trong khi h\u01a1n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Kazakh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Song ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt theo d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: Abay Qunanbayuli \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u01a1 ca b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao c\u1ea5p; Mukhtar Auezov \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbch h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1eed thi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; Kanysh Satpayev \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t Kazakhstan. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong khi v\u1eabn ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e3ng phim nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Almaty, Kazakhfilm, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 Harmony Lessons; c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Astana v\u00e0 Almaty th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Hollywood Timur Bekmambetov\u2014sinh ra trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Kazakhstan\u2014k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng Kazakhstan v\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea: beshbarmak, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n th\u1ecbt lu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u00ec; c\u01a1m th\u1eadp c\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu v\u00e0 c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t; s\u1eefa ng\u1ef1a l\u00ean men\u2014kumys\u2014c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ayran v\u00e0 shubat. Nghi l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kazakhstan trong danh s\u00e1ch Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO bao g\u1ed3m ba \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2014l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, c\u00e1c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh Tamgaly, h\u00e0nh lang Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a\u2014v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Saryarka v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Kazakhstan ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nursultan Nazarbayev \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019; nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc gia t\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi Nga, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc\u2014t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n sang th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, t\u1eeb Kazakhstan sang h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft\u2014qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. Cho d\u00f9 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 hay th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c du m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a h\u00e8, Kazakhstan v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1eeba th\u01b0a th\u1edbt d\u00e2n c\u01b0, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 di c\u01b0, chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u1ecdc l\u00ean theo h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch, trong khi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 k\u1ef9. Trong chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, qua th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, n\u00fai non v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Kazakhstan t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kazakhstan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, n\u1eb1m \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. V\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Kazakhstan c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trung b\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t km vu\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3135,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14923","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14923"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14923\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}