Kyrgyzstan, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Kyrgyz, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 \u1edf Trung \u00c1, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n v\u00e0 Pamir. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi Kazakhstan \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Uzbekistan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Tajikistan \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 39\u00b0 v\u00e0 44\u00b0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 69\u00b0 v\u00e0 81\u00b0 \u0110\u00f4ng. Bishkek, trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, trong khi Osh\u2014th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c\u2014n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Fergana. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyz, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbekistan v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Kyrgyzstan, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Kyrgyzstan ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c lang thang tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyz Yenisei \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khaganate v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh Turkic li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4n t\u00ednh. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba, \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y; ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c Dzungar. Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dzungar s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyz v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Kipchak c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c Kokand cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1876, khi Nga ho\u00e0ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. Trong s\u00e1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Slav \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf th\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, trong khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5 ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, T\u1ec9nh t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Kara-Kirghiz \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Nga, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Kirghiz v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1926 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1936. Frunze\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Pishpek\u2014tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Nga h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kyrgyz \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Latin v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Cyrillic, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef v\u00e0 S\u1eed thi Manas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169ng mang theo nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chechnya, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan\u2014l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Mikhail Gorbachev n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Moscow, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u Askar Akayev l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1991, Kyrgyzstan tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Nga \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyzstan, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Bishkek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Kyrgyzstan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Akayev \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y "C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa Tulip" n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u01b0a Kurmanbek Bakiyev l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Bakiyev c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c gian l\u1eadn b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. N\u0103m 2010, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1n c\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyzstan v\u00e0 Uzbek - b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam, trong khi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3ng 80 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m Kyrgyzstan n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 1.500 m\u00e9t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 7.000 m\u00e9t; Jengish Chokusu (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec9nh Pobeda) cao 7.439 m\u00e9t \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n 7.000 m\u00e9t. C\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng - \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Naryn v\u00e0 Kara Darya - u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho Syr Darya, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec3n Aral tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. S\u00f4ng Chu ch\u1ea3y qua ph\u00eda b\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o Kazakhstan. Tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i d\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra l\u0169 l\u1ee5t m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, trong khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Issyk-Kul, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.607 m\u00e9t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n, l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, sau H\u1ed3 Titicaca. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3, trong ti\u1ebfng Kyrgyz c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 "h\u1ed3 \u1ea5m", ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 8 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch; c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 r\u00eca l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Fergana. C\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i b\u00e1n sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3y h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng Kyrgyzstan th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n theo v\u00f9ng. Thung l\u0169ng Fergana tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 g\u1ea7n 40 \u00b0C v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c; tuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian trong n\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 3.000 m\u00e9t. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi -20 \u00b0C \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, g\u00e2y ra l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft d\u00e0y ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. \u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 -6 \u00b0C, trong khi th\u00e1ng 7 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 24 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kyrgyzstan chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y v\u00f9ng (oblustar) v\u00e0 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014Bishkek v\u00e0 Osh\u2014ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n qu\u1eadn (aymaqtar), m\u1ed7i qu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c (akim) do t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c qu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (ayyl \u00f6km\u00f6t\u00fc), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e0: Batken, Ch\u00fcy, Jalal-Abad, Naryn, Osh, Talas v\u00e0 Issyk-Kul. M\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t\u2014t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00fai xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Naryn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fcy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kyrgyzstan x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 117 v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0, sau Tajikistan, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o th\u1ee9 hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Trung \u00c1. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng, than v\u00e0 uranium - v\u00e0 v\u00e0o ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 800.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyz \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf Nga. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Kyrgyz, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 - Kyrgyz som (KGS) - v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a. Sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn: ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c gia nh\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1998 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cam k\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01a1n 35 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi c\u1eebu, gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean n\u00fai, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t len, th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 s\u1eefa. Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00faa m\u00ec, c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khoai t\u00e2y, b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay. Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eefa, th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u00f4ng, mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim: khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ecf Kumtor \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n khai th\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean n\u00fai, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2020, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 6,59 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi 34,4% d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 6,2% tr\u00ean 65 tu\u1ed5i; c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 25 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyzstan chi\u1ebfm 77,8%; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbek chi\u1ebfm 14,2%, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u00eda nam; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga chi\u1ebfm 3,8%, t\u1eadp trung quanh Bishkek v\u00e0 Ch\u00fcy. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dungan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tajik, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uyghur, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kazakh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 80 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyzstan \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 50% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979 l\u00ean h\u01a1n 70% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kyrgyzstan theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 theo m\u00f9a, di chuy\u1ec3n gia s\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf cao nguy\u00ean (jailoo) v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u1ec1u tr\u00f2n di \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 yurt. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Uzbek v\u00e0 Tajik tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau trong \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Fergana. Trong khi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Trong Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2024, Kyrgyzstan x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 36 trong s\u1ed1 127 qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 6,8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfng Kyrgyz, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Turkic nh\u00e1nh Kipchak, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ti\u1ebfng Nga gi\u1eef v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000. Ti\u1ebfng Kyrgyz s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Kirin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Latinh, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Kazakhstan, v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn; v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2023, Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1eefa sau khi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7y ban ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n sang ti\u1ebfng Latinh. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o in qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng Nga - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Moscow h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 - v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. T\u1ea1i Bishkek, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u0103m 2020 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng 55,6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga \u1edf nh\u00e0, 43,6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Kyrgyz; tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, 70,9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Kyrgyz trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Kyrgyz v\u1edbi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf: CIA World Factbook \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017 r\u1eb1ng 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Hanafi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 cho th\u1ea5y 64 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 "Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o", v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 23 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c; k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Pew n\u0103m 2009 ghi nh\u1eadn 86,3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf - ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Nga, Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Ukraine, Luther, Anabaptist v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 - chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb 5.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Bukharian v\u00e0 Ashkenazi, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 Sufi v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed9c c\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e2y thi\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u00fai cao gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o cao\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 3.000 m\u00e9t\u2014c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t xa l\u1ed9 b\u1eafc-nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Bishkek v\u00e0 Osh, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng Ch\u00fcy v\u00e0 Fergana. C\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 34.000 km, trong \u0111\u00f3 22.600 km \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a; c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, g\u1ed3m 7.700 km, tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 370 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi Uzbekistan v\u00e0 Kazakhstan. N\u0103m 2022, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng 186 km t\u1eeb Balykchy \u0111\u1ebfn Karakeche \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n than; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2023, tuy\u1ebfn Balykchy\u2013Bishkek \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u2013Kyrgyzstan\u2013Uzbekistan, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bV\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2025, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i 523 km qua ba qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Manas g\u1ea7n Bishkek, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow, Almaty, Istanbul v\u00e0 Dubai; S\u00e2n bay Osh cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1. Jalal-Abad duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn Bishkek v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn bay theo m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebfn Issyk-Kul. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n bay th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Kyrgyzstan xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u do lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Phong c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai non, h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Kyrgyzstan. B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Issyk-Kul c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i Cholpon-Ata, Kara-Oi v\u00e0 Bosteri; l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006\u201307 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Thung l\u0169ng Alay v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Son-Kul thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 du m\u1ee5c m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean Sary-Chelek cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 b\u0103ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. \u0110o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Tash Rabat, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u00e1p Burana, m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X g\u1ea7n Tokmok, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Balasagun. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Ala Archa, c\u00e1ch Bishkek n\u1eeda gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao h\u01a1n 4.000 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du kh\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Bishkek; Ch\u1ee3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Osh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y g\u1ea7n Sulaiman-Too, Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a UNESCO c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u01b0 Arslanbob, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng \u00f3c ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c Kochkor, m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i Song-Kul, tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng du m\u1ee5c. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong l\u1ec1u yurt, n\u1ebfm th\u1eed beshbarmak v\u00e0 manti, v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u0103n b\u1eafn, c\u00e2u c\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u2014quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trang ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ph\u00eda nam. T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y; khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng sau khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i theo s\u1ed1 101 (c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa), 102 (c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t) v\u00e0 103 (y t\u1ebf), v\u1edbi m\u00e3 quay s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf +996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kyrgyzstan c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c trong khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch. T\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng, Kyrgyzstan mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan v\u1eeba th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kyrgyzstan, n\u1eb1m \u1edf Trung \u00c1, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Kyrgyz, qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean d\u00e3y n\u00fai Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n v\u00e0 Pamir. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kyrgyzstan l\u00e0 Bishkek, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Kazakhstan; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Uzbekistan; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, Tajikistan; v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao thoa c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3487,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14785","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14785\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}