Liban chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i nh\u00f4 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n h\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho Thung l\u0169ng Beqaa m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 d\u00e3y n\u00fai Anti-Lebanon. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn km vu\u00f4ng, Liban c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Syria \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Israel \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. H\u01a1n n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Liban, t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00e0 xung quanh Beirut, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 5000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. T\u1eeb thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ven bi\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Phoenicia, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 64 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp; c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi Ayyubid v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Mamluk. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ottoman n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sultan Abdulmejid I, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tanzimat v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifat, m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa Maronite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Ottoman sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t Lebanon d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 1920, \u0110\u1ea1i Lebanon xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m Thung l\u0169ng Beqaa. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1943, theo m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o - m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Druze. H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. Giao tranh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Syria \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p (1976\u20132005) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Israel v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Israel ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c; cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2023 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh chia Lebanon th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 sa s\u00f4ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Syria v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Israel. Trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, d\u00e3y n\u00fai Lebanon - nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n ba ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t t\u1ea1i Qurnat l\u00e0 Sawda\u02be - ch\u1ea1y song song v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Thung l\u0169ng Beqaa n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Phi. \u0110\u1ea5t s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3. Ph\u00eda sau thung l\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai Anti-Liban, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 N\u00fai Hermon, s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c N\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i Shebaa \u0111ang tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Lebanon ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. M\u01b0\u1eddi ba con s\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ra bi\u1ec3n; Litani l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc qua Beqaa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi u\u1ed1n cong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 theo m\u00f9a l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, trong khi c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i v\u00e0 k\u00eanh t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bth\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2025, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u00e3o Adam \u0111\u00e3 mang tuy\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi ba tr\u0103m m\u00e9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ch\u00edn t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m qu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Khung kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Lebanon b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. D\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea3y qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u01a1 quan Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Lebanon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 360 n\u0103m 2001, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh doanh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2018 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, GDP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3ng Anh c\u1ee7a Lebanon \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 la. L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean tr\u00ean hai tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. T\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, c\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lebanon th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 vay \u0111\u00f4 la v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng. Khi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 v\u1ee1 n\u1ee3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 c\u1ea3ng \u1edf Beirut c\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ottoman \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Lebanon \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i khu v\u1ef1c. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ec7t may, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xung quanh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u2014ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong GDP. Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00dac, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lebanon \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du l\u1ecbch t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi GDP. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao n\u0103m 2009, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1,8 tri\u1ec7u; Beirut \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf vinh danh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau, xung \u0111\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Syria \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m 37 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2025, C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m du l\u1ecbch l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady hy v\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Lebanon v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n ra k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1932, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh cho n\u0103m 2021, t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 5,6 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb Syria v\u00e0 Palestine. C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Lebanon c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i cao nh\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c. B\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Druze v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Druze) chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Lebanon th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong kinh doanh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lebanon t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u thay th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. Ti\u1ebfng Armenia, ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Assyria v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Phoenicia, di s\u1ea3n La M\u00e3, di s\u1ea3n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ottoman v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c modal v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i\u2014t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c\u2014ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0. Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Liban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u01b0 kibbe\u2014h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu xay v\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec n\u1ee9t\u2014v\u00e0 tabbouleh, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i salad g\u1ed3m rau m\u00f9i t\u00e2y, c\u00e0 chua v\u00e0 burghul, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 theo v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mezze ph\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Beirut k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n th\u1eddi Ottoman v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p k\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u00e0n ra v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 k\u00edn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n bar ven bi\u1ec3n. Tripoli, v\u1eabn mang ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Mamluk v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm trong c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Sidon b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd, ch\u1ee3 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ven bi\u1ec3n. Tyre mang nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicia v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Byblos \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qua S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Beirut, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1edfi Middle East Airlines v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c. Xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 taxi chung k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Damascus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Syria. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Tripoli v\u1edbi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi Lebanon, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng; gi\u00e1 thu\u00ea xe c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 taxi "d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5" ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Uber ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Beirut d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp internet, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c chia \u0111\u00f4i n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ed5 g\u00e0 v\u00e0 l\u00e1i xe th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Phong t\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau: trang ph\u1ee5c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7; trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u01a1n. Du kh\u00e1ch n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eaby tay. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam r\u1ee7i ro; Arsal, \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Beqaa, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c l\u1ebb t\u1ebb v\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Lebanon m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu: nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng \u00f4 liu \u1edf m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nho cho ra lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n\u2014b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u00fai, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u2014m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf. Trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan n\u00e0y, Lebanon t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Lebanon, n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng Levant c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u00c1, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p 10.452 km2. V\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Syria \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Israel \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 ba c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a S\u00edp\u2014ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Lebanon m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn\u2014l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3645,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14746","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14746"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14746\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}