Belarus, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Belarus, chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m trong \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 207.600 km2, Belarus n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 51\u00b0 v\u00e0 57\u00b0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 23\u00b0 v\u00e0 33\u00b0 \u0110\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Nga \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, Ukraine \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, Ba Lan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, v\u00e0 Lithuania v\u00e0 Latvia \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 9,1 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u v\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, trong khi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Minsk c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t theo quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u1eeba l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
Cao kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 345 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Dzyarzhynskaya Hara v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng 90 m\u00e9t t\u1ea1i b\u1edd th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Neman, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Belarus kh\u00e1 tho\u1ea3i. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u00e1n c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb -4 \u00b0C \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam quanh Brest \u0111\u1ebfn -8 \u00b0C \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc g\u1ea7n Vitebsk, trong khi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u1eabn m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 18 \u00b0C. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 550 \u0111\u1ebfn 700 mm, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi su\u1ed1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 11.000 h\u1ed3 b\u1ed5 sung cho ba con s\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh\u2014Neman, Pripyat v\u00e0 Dnieper\u2014n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n Baltic v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0110en theo d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
G\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Belarus n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990. Trong s\u1ed1 8,8 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng, kho\u1ea3ng 6,6 tri\u1ec7u ha t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong khi 2,2 tri\u1ec7u ha c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh, nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Polesie, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1ecf than b\u00f9n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Belarus ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n: \u0111\u00e1 granit, dolomit, \u0111\u00e1 macn\u01a1, ph\u1ea5n, c\u00e1t, s\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Chernobyl n\u0103m 1986 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Belarus, l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam. C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, do Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ed3ng minh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 caesium-137 trong \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2014trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh\u2014trong khi l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Belarus ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Sau s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung Ba Lan-Litva v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga th\u00f4n t\u00ednh. Sau s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Byelorussia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1919. Chi\u1ebfn tranh Ba Lan-X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft (1918\u20131921) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y cho Ba Lan, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng Ba Lan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1939 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft tinh sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, khi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Belarus v\u00e0 quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Minsk.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Belarus: c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean - th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. N\u0103m 1945, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Byelorussia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111ang tr\u00e0n qua \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Belarus \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1990. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1991. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh ba n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, Alexander Lukashenko \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 do duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Belarus duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Belarus l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc an ninh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u, v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c an ninh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gia nh\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gia nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, sau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Belarus trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho Nga x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ukraine.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, Belarus x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i trong Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t cao m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u0103m 2019, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec sinh k\u1ebf \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u1edbi khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 gia s\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. \u0110\u1ed3ng r\u00fap Belarus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean: l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2016, khi 10.000 r\u00fap c\u0169 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u00fap m\u1edbi (BYN). M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2011 - khi \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y - \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2022 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, minh h\u1ecda cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2023, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 "kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n".<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m hai c\u1ea5p: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Belarus \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Belarus l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 9,41 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2019) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 84,9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, Ba Lan v\u00e0 Ukraina l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfm 7,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, 3,1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 1,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. V\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. Minsk, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n hai tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf; c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m Gomel (481.000), Mogilev (365.100), Vitebsk (342.400), Grodno (314.800) v\u00e0 Brest (298.300).<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf b\u1edfi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 r\u00f2ng. N\u0103m 2007, Belarus \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2m l\u00e0 0,41 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 1,22 tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u2014th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf. Di c\u01b0 r\u00f2ng, \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng +0,38 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n: v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 72,15 n\u0103m\u201478,1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 66,5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi\u2014v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tu\u00e2n theo. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Belarus c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Nga, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o T\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n Belarus c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 7,1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda t\u00e2y\u2014trong khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin l\u00e0nh, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Hy L\u1ea1p, Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
Hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c: ti\u1ebfng Belarus v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Nga. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2009, n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng Belarus l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u00edch d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfng Nga. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfng Nga chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, so v\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Belarus. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Belarus \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Belarus b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ee9 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO. Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Mir v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf-ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Nesvizh l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. V\u00f2ng cung tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba Struve xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a R\u1eebng Bia\u0142owie\u017ca\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Belovezhskaya Pushcha \u1edf ph\u00eda Belarus\u2014che ch\u1edf cho b\u00f2 r\u1eebng bizon ch\u00e2u \u00c2u gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f2n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai ho\u1eb7c do quy ho\u1ea1ch sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Minsk, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp neo gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u0169 c\u1ee7a KGB v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c gia; g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Do Th\u00e1i Zaslavsky t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\u1ede Brest tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trong Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Barbarossa. \u0110\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi Dudutki, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u00e1i tranh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, ngh\u1ec1 m\u1ed9c, ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u1ea9n d\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Pripyat v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c H\u1ed3 Braslau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1edd r\u1eebng. B\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Pripyatsky, H\u1ed3 Braslav v\u00e0 Osipovichsky\u2014cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00ec gian l\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c say x\u1ec9n n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb t\u1ee5c t\u0129u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c giam gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t; b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bb\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng mang theo bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef tr\u1eafng-\u0111\u1ecf-tr\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1918\u20131995, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp; s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef cao. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1ed7 tay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Ba Lan, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh, giam gi\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch LGBT v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e1i xe thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean xa l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng: \u1ed5 g\u00e0, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Belarus. Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00fat, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n y t\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u00e2ng cao. B\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp; n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i km t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Chernobyl v\u1eabn b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
Nghi th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 giao \u1edf Belarus ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t; s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. Tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7: \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lukashenko ho\u1eb7c di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
\u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Belarus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u2014qua b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t\u2014nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, Belarus mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n 9,1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Belarus\u2014t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Belarus\u2014l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Belarus\u2014l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ba c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 13 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u theo di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 207.600 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (80.200 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng). Nga \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, Ukraine \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, Ba Lan \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Litva v\u00e0 Latvia \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc bao quanh Belarus. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2825,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14616","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14616"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14616\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}