C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 78.871 km2 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 48\u00b0 v\u00e0 51\u00b0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 12\u00b0 v\u00e0 19\u00b0 \u0110\u00f4ng. V\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n v\u1eeba \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Ba Lan \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, Slovakia \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam v\u00e0 \u00c1o \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Vltava, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Prague; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Moravia nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi S\u00f4ng Morava; v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, Sudetes \u00f4m l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Elbe. Ba v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y\u2014Bohemia, Moravia v\u00e0 Silesia c\u1ee7a S\u00e9c\u2014ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao: t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh cao 1.603 m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Sn\u011b\u017eka, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, trong khi \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Nam Moravia, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u00b0C. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; m\u00f9a h\u00e8 tr\u00f4i qua \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n tan ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0m d\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng; m\u00f9a thu nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u1ebb gai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n\u2014\u201342,2 \u00b0C t\u1ea1i Litv\u00ednovice v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1929 v\u00e0 40,4 \u00b0C t\u1ea1i Dob\u0159ichovice v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012\u2014ch\u1ee9ng minh cho nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng xanh nh\u01b0 b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng, nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Krkono\u0161e ho\u1eb7c \u0160umava (c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 Khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a UNESCO) n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng T\u00e2y \u00c2u, r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao Trung \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Pannonian v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean l\u00e1 kim Carpathian. B\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014\u0160umava, Krkono\u0161e, Bohemian Switzerland v\u00e0 Podyj\u00ed\u2014b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con c\u00f2 \u0111en v\u00e0 linh mi\u00eau c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi b\u00ean kia nh\u1eefng r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Bohemia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Moravia. Bohemia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n trang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1002 v\u00e0 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1198. S\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Habsburg, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 sau Moh\u00e1cs v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1526 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng Tr\u1eadn White Mountain v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1620, \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1806 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u00c1o, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a than v\u00e0 th\u00e9p v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t S\u00e9c.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1918\u2014\u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Trung \u00c2u gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Munich n\u0103m 1938 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng; s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1945 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn n\u0103m 1948. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n Praha n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft hy v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nhung th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1989 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7; v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1993, Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai qu\u1ed1c gia, khai sinh ra C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay tham gia Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, NATO, Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, OECD, OSCE, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m Visegr\u00e1d. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, thu nh\u1eadp cao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng Koruna S\u00e9c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn; ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia S\u00e9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 32 v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 91 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a EU, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0. Du l\u1ecbch nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Prague - th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 th\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u - c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hoang d\u00e3; n\u0103m 2001, du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 118 t\u1ef7 CZK (5,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP).<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Praha ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng d\u00e0i. B\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Vltava, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n theo phong c\u00e1ch baroque c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung quanh nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u1ea7u Charles; b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Praha ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Brno, Ostrava, Plze\u0148 v\u00e0 Liberec \u0111\u1ec1u mang nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: Bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 Tugendhat hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Brno v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, di s\u1ea3n khai th\u00e1c than v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ostrava, n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n sinh ra bia pilsner v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Plze\u0148, v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a Liberec b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Je\u0161t\u011bd.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 sinh ra t\u1eeb ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 bia, n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac cua u\u1ed1n cong c\u1ee7a Vltava; Olomouc t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 C\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i theo phong c\u00e1ch baroque v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai; Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Barbara theo phong c\u00e1ch Gothic c\u1ee7a Kutn\u00e1 Hora v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd x\u01b0\u01a1ng Sedlec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 xa hoa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c b\u1ea1c; Su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Karlovy Vary thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00e3y c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 Do Th\u00e1i; Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Tel\u010d h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u0169 \u0111i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i: nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn theo phong c\u00e1ch Romanesque, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m cao v\u00fat c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o theo phong c\u00e1ch Gothic, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mang phong c\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Charles IV, nh\u1eefng loggia v\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch Baroque v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Gothic-Baroque sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5; Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u1edf r\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t; Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd; nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho phong c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a Brussels v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o sau \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Pritzker \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong Dancing House v\u00e0 Golden Angel.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c coi tr\u1ecdng th\u1ecbt: th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n, th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt g\u00e0 trong m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m bia, th\u1ecbt th\u00fa s\u0103n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu \u2014 th\u1ecbt nai d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u00e1ch x\u00f9, th\u1ecbt th\u1ecf quay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. Th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n chi\u00ean gi\u00f2n t\u1ea9m b\u1ed9t chi\u00ean gi\u00f2n \u2014 sma\u017een\u00fd vep\u0159ov\u00fd \u0159\u00edzek \u2014 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi khoai t\u00e2y lu\u1ed9c; c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp Gi\u00e1ng sinh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u00fac x\u00edch, pa t\u00ea, gi\u0103m b\u00f4ng hun kh\u00f3i, b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1i chua v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh khoai t\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u. C\u00e1c m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kem t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh tart tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, trong khi b\u00e1nh strudl h\u1ea1t anh t\u00fac ho\u1eb7c kol\u00e1\u010de t\u00f4n vinh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, bia v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c gia: Pilsner Urquell c\u1ee7a Plze\u0148, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bia nh\u1ea1t, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho hai ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Bud\u011bjovick\u00fd Budvar; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ed3ng nho c\u1ee7a Moravia\u2014h\u01a1n ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho c\u1ee7a S\u00e9c n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u2014s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang tr\u1eafng gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0; r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh m\u1eadn slivovitz v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1eafng th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Becherovka ho\u1eb7c Fernet Stock chia s\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng gian qu\u1ea7y bar v\u1edbi Kofola, lo\u1ea1i cola trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c, m\u00faa r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng ngang nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t r\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Jan \u0160vankmajer; Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Dvo\u0159\u00e1k vang v\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera c\u1ee7a Brno; nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a Richard Heger g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn di s\u1ea3n pha l\u00ea h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Bohemia. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u2014t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c gia Prague \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ostrava\u2014tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c phong c\u00e1ch baroque baroque v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngang nhau.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c c\u00f3 10,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 43. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2021 ghi nh\u1eadn 57,3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c, 3,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Moravia, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slovak, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Kho\u1ea3ng 658.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slovakia chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Holocaust, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3.900 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kho\u1ea3ng ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2014Th\u00e1nh Vitus t\u1ea1i L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Prague, Th\u00e1nh Barbara \u1edf Kutn\u00e1 Hora, Th\u00e1nh Cyril v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Methodius \u1edf Prague\u2014v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfng S\u00e9c l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef T\u00e2y Slav\u01a1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Slovak c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ba Lan ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Ti\u1ebfng Anh chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb; ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, khi ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef\u2014c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 Moravian, th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef Silesian\u2014nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng S\u00e9c chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
Nghi th\u1ee9c du l\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c coi tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o trang tr\u1ecdng: m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ch\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u201cDobr\u00fd den\u201d khi v\u00e0o c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, \u201cNa shledanou\u201d khi r\u1eddi \u0111i. Gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi ra \u1edf nh\u00e0; d\u00e9p l\u00ea ph\u1ea3i theo sau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 khi c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra. Tr\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u\u201d ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Li\u00ean X\u00f4; h\u00e3y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u201cTrung \u00c2u\u201d. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng \u201cSudetenland\u201d, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, h\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2014di s\u1ea3n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Holocaust v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u2014tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng Gothic. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng baroque c\u1ee7a T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i bazan c\u1ee7a Bohemian Paradise, v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m Macocha s\u00e2u hun h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Moravian Karst v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a Palava v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u c\u00e1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Brno l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ua Tour de Ski t\u1ea1i Nov\u00e9 M\u011bsto na Morav\u011b.<\/p>\n
Cho d\u00f9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng gian h\u00e0ng m\u00e1i xanh c\u1ee7a Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 L\u00e1zn\u011b, \u0111i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i trong nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Kutn\u00e1 Hora, hay \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p ph\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov khi s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 tr\u00f4i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Vltava, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c pha tr\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xa hoa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ed1 \u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp\u2014\u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Great Moravia, m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o c\u1ee7a Habsburg, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do do n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ea1o ra\u2014nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m m\u1ec9a mai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t chu \u0111\u00e1o mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng cho m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c, hay Czechia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf Trung \u00c2u, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 10,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 86 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4171,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14322","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14322"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14322\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}