Estonia n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Baltic, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1,37 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mang theo c\u1ea3 nghi l\u1ec5 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 45.335 km\u00b2\u2014bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 2.300 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o\u2014v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda b\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 9.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, li\u00ean minh NATO v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb minh b\u1ea1ch. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y than b\u00f9n \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Estonia \u0111\u1ec1u ghi d\u1ea5u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t "Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ca h\u00e1t" h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1991.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Estonia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o sang C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t rune. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 Teutonic, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Ba Lan, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u00f9ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1918 \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh ra m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 trung l\u1eadp s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. Trong su\u1ed1t Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u01b0u vong \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Estonia cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng Baltic n\u00e0y gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c thoai tho\u1ea3i. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho v\u00f9ng cao Pandivere, Sakala v\u00e0 Otep\u00e4\u00e4, trong khi Suur Munam\u00e4gi, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 318 m\u00e9t, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3i Haanja. Trong s\u1ed1 1.560 h\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Estonia, h\u1ed3 Peipus r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Nga, v\u00e0 V\u00f5rtsj\u00e4rv n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ean trong. \u00cdt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 100 km, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 V\u00f5handu v\u00e0 P\u00e4rnu. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y v\u00e0 b\u00e3i l\u1ea7y\u2014v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm n\u01a1i than b\u00f9n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n Baltic. S\u1ef1 tan b\u0103ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n, trong khi s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n khi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 t\u00e2y l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu \u0111i c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng \u22123,8 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 v\u00e0 17,8 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u221243,5 \u00b0C v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940 v\u00e0 35,6 \u00b0C v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 662 mm; \u00e1nh n\u1eafng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y ba ch\u1ee5c gi\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 300 gi\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 18 gi\u1edd 40 ph\u00fat v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n s\u00e1u gi\u1edd sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00ed, mang \u0111\u1ebfn "\u0111\u00eam tr\u1eafng" t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7.<\/p>\n
B\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Kho\u1ea3ng 19,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a Estonia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c\u2014s\u00e1u c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh quan. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang di c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb v\u00e0 chim n\u01b0\u1edbc qua b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u00e2n sam th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, che ch\u1edf cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa l\u1edbn t\u1eeb m\u00e8o r\u1eebng v\u00e0 g\u1ea5u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ch\u1ed3n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i du nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean Hiiumaa. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ria m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u00f2 s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa 330 lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 chim nh\u1ea1n chu\u1ed3ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chim qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, Estonia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u00edt tham nh\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn - t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng - sang s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2008 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012. Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, d\u1ec7t may, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi GDP PPP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 46.385 \u0111\u00f4 la (s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2023). Estonia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i C\u1ea3ng Tallinn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Muuga, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c thang m\u00e1y ch\u1edf ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, kho l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Baltic. Ph\u00e0 Tallink k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Helsinki v\u00e0 Stockholm, trong khi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn Saaremaa v\u00e0 Hiiumaa. Tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ngh\u00ecn km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng E20, E263 v\u00e0 E67, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n cao. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Baltica, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1ed5 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb Tallinn qua Riga \u0111\u1ebfn Warsaw, b\u1ed5 sung cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Eesti Raudtee hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5 h\u1eb9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4. C\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay \u1edf Tallinn, Tartu, P\u00e4rnu, Kuressaare v\u00e0 K\u00e4rdla k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Estonia v\u1edbi B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Trung \u00c2u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 AirBaltic v\u00e0 LOT.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Estonia ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Estonia chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Ida-Viru v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn Tallinn. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.369.285 (ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2025), ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 sinh n\u1edf khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t - b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 25\u201364 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc - v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00f9ng Baltic t\u1eebng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20; ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1ea7n Lan g\u1ed1c Ingria v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n g\u1ed1c Estonia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn Estonia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u1ec9 \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Seto b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Luther v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng V\u00f5ru\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014\u2014duy tr\u00ec nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i Jaanip\u00e4ev v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh Ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1ed7i l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 6 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 2.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng Estonia chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 hai. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Nam Estonia\u2014V\u00f5ro, Seto, Mulgi v\u00e0 Tartu\u2014v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Nga \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef di s\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp; ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p theo sau. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Estonia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kho\u1ea3ng 4.500 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e2n gian rune k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Kalevipoeg. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian Jakob Hurt \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ngh\u00ecn trang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng; Matthias Johann Eisen s\u1ebd bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n th\u00eam ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn trang n\u1eefa, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian Estonia. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 rehielamu, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd theo phong c\u00e1ch La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia theo phong c\u00e1ch Gothic\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Tallinn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3i Toompea l\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong khi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf sang ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1ed1p k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 Vilen K\u00fcnnapu.<\/p>\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c Estonia, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n, v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch \u0111en, khoai t\u00e2y, th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 s\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng theo m\u00f9a, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh sandwich m\u1edf ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1 tr\u00edch Baltic ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 tr\u00edch c\u01a1m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon nh\u1ea5t. Bia, r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch, Estonia tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i theo t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u00eda nam v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, v\u00e0 hai gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1eefa Tallinn v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0o. B\u1eafc Estonia r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00e9t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n trang c\u1ee7a Lahemaa. \u0110\u00f4ng Estonia mang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nga trong L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Hermann c\u1ee7a Narva v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng spa d\u1ecdc theo V\u1ecbnh. \u200b\u200bC\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Saaremaa, s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf P\u00e4rnu v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean Ruhnu. \u1ede ph\u00eda nam, s\u1ef1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u1edf Tartu nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Setomaa, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Mulgimaa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Otep\u00e4\u00e4.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a Estonia n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00eau, \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u0169y Hanseatic; m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00e1t vang b\u00e0i ca \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n du kh\u00e1ch trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u00edt h\u01a1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch t\u1eebng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t, m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i h\u00e1t m\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Estonia, n\u1eb1m \u1edf B\u1eafc \u00c2u b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Baltic tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u1eb1m \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Estonia s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Estonia v\u1eabn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3347,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14240","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14240"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14240\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}