Chamonix-Mont-Blanc n\u1eb1m \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y \u00c2u, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 245 km vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n ch\u00edn ngh\u00ecn c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. N\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Haute-Savoie c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p trong v\u00f9ng Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, x\u00e3 n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm thung l\u0169ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Mont Blanc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi Aiguilles Rouges v\u00e0 Aiguille du Midi, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00dd. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, Chamonix \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924 v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c so s\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1091, khi B\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbc Genevois trao khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y\u2014l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfng Latin l\u00e0 Campum munitum\u2014cho tu vi\u1ec7n Benedictine c\u1ee7a St. Michel de la Cluse g\u1ea7n Turin. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba, c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Chamonis; nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng Chamouny, Chamony v\u00e0 Chamouni tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1793. D\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1519, sau \u0111\u00f3 thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1786, m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bgi\u00e1o s\u0129.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1530, Chamonix v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft du kh\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m. C\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Geneva\u2014trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 de Sales v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1606\u2014\u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0o thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm hoi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi du kh\u00e1ch Anh v\u00e0 Genevese b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh g\u1ed3m Richard Pococke v\u00e0 William Windham v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1744, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Genevese P. Martel v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Horace B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1760, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Mer de Glace v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai xung quanh.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 Savoy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng khung thung l\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba phong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, nh\u00fang Chamonix v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p, \u00dd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. Nh\u00e0 Savoy, ho\u00e0ng gia t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb qu\u1eadn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1860, khi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00dd. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c leo l\u00ean Mont Blanc \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang khi de Saussure \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1760 cho l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1786, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Jean-Jacques Balmat v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 Michel-Gabriel Paccard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng leo n\u00fai chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng sang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thang m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Chamonix nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch n\u00fai \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. N\u0103m 1821, Compagnie des Guides de Chamonix \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c; n\u00f3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1892. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 leo n\u00fai Roger Frison-Roche. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng "Chamonix-Mont-Blanc" c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1916 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i Olympic m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1924 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Chamonix l\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng d\u00e0i khi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00f4i qua. Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 che gi\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em Do Th\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng \u1ea9n sau nh\u1eefng vinh quang d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi thung l\u0169ng, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00eda sau trung t\u00e2m th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m d\u1ecdc theo x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng: t\u1eeb Le Tour \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.462 m\u00e9t, qua Argenti\u00e8re v\u00e0 Les Praz, \u0111\u1ebfn Les Bossons \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.012 m\u00e9t, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea9m, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n 1.280 mm; m\u00f9a h\u00e8 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u00f4n h\u00f2a, trong khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft d\u00e0y l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ec3 thao m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hoang d\u00e3 nh\u01b0 Vall\u00e9e Blanche n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n
Tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo Aiguille du Midi, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1955, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao 3.842 m\u00e9t trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00fat tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp c\u00e1p d\u00e0i ba km. T\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, m\u1ed9t thang m\u00e1y d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh l\u01a1 l\u1eedng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Mont Blanc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 leo n\u00fai khai th\u00e1c c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n km c\u1ee7a Vall\u00e9e Blanche, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. B\u00ean kia thung l\u0169ng, ba khu tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh\u2014Les Grands Montets, Br\u00e9vent\u2013Fl\u00e9g\u00e8re v\u00e0 Domaine de Balme\u2014cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Chamonix \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai cao ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Argenti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n
L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 thao c\u1ee7a Chamonix m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi du ngo\u1ea1n Alpine. L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft Alpine World Cup FIS v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Arlberg-Kandahar, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Nordic n\u0103m 1937 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Biathlon th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef n\u0103m 1984 v\u00e0 1988. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00fac c\u00f4n c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean b\u0103ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Curling ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u0103m 1991 v\u00e0 1999. M\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1eed th\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u0111i theo Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nationale 205, \u201cTuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Blanche,\u201d ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Blanche t\u1ea1i Le Fayet. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m Mont Blanc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965, xuy\u00ean qua kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i Chamonix v\u1edbi Courmayeur \u1edf \u00dd, trong khi m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 hi\u1ec7n mang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1edf l\u00e0 D 1506. S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Geneva Cointrin n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m km, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe bu\u00fdt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 Chamexpress v\u00e0 Alpybus \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn thung l\u0169ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft giao nhau t\u1ea1i ga kh\u1ed5 m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Chamonix tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn St Gervais-Vallorcine, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1908. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n thung l\u0169ng v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng t\u1eeb Montroc-le-Planet \u0111\u1ebfn Les Bossons. B\u00ean kia Vallorcine, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft r\u0103ng c\u01b0a Mont Blanc Express \u0111i v\u00e0o Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, trong khi trong thung l\u0169ng, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 thanh r\u0103ng Montenvers, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909, \u0111\u01b0a du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn b\u0103ng Mer de Glace v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan. M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3\u2014v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8\u2014Tuy\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n Mont Blanc t\u1eeb Saint Gervais g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 leo l\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai, k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2.380 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Xe bu\u00fdt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i n\u1eeda gi\u1edd gi\u1eefa Les Houches, Chamonix v\u00e0 Le Tour, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u201cChamo'Nuit\u201d v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ebb \u0111i c\u00e1p treo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i l\u1ea1i mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa Servoz v\u00e0 Vallorcine b\u1eb1ng Carte d'H\u00f4te ho\u1eb7c Mont-Blanc Multipass. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, c\u00e1p treo \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1eeb Les Praz \u0111\u1ebfn La Fl\u00e9g\u00e8re v\u00e0 t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m Chamonix \u0111\u1ebfn Planpraz v\u00e0 Le Br\u00e9vent, m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng khung c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Chamonix kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. Trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Alpine t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u0169 tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Michel Croz, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ghi l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng leo n\u00fai t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Pha l\u00ea v\u00e0 Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt n\u00fai cao kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ph\u00eda sau Maison de la Montagne. C\u1ea3 hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Mer de Glace, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u00e0 d\u00e0i b\u1ea3y km r\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u00fat \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0i cm m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng 550 b\u1eadc thang ho\u1eb7c \u0111i c\u00e1p treo ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n de Montenvers, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng pha l\u00ea v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t t\u00fap l\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i tim l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean kia v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c tuy\u1ebft tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, thung l\u0169ng h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y. Tour du Mont Blanc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh kh\u1ed1i n\u00fai trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u qua ba qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1p treo nh\u01b0 Br\u00e9vent v\u00e0 Fl\u00e9g\u00e8re, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m Mer de Glace h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Plan de l'Aiguille. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean qua Brevent, theo s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai qua n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n Bel-Lachat v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 Rocher des Gaillands, sau \u0111\u00f3 quanh co xu\u1ed1ng qua c\u00e1c l\u00f9m c\u00e2y alder \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1y thung l\u0169ng\u2014m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i d\u00e0i s\u00e1u gi\u1edd v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Mont Blanc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ba ng\u00e0y, hai \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khe n\u1ee9t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qua Voie Royale t\u1eeb ga Nid d'Aigle c\u1ee7a Tramway, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Aiguille du Midi\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Trois Monts v\u00e0 Grands Mulets\u2014cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Compagnie des Guides v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Chamonix v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y b\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 8 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003. Khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng - t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i Les Houches \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Grands Montets v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai cao c\u1ee7a Vall\u00e9e Blanche - v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, n\u01a1i b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 cao v\u00fat h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chamonix, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u00e3y Alps, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 8.906 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Haute-Savoie c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 ba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00dd. X\u00e3 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 245,46 km vu\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4n x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam d\u1ecdc theo Thung l\u0169ng Chamonix.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3091,"parent":13952,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14185","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14185\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}