{"id":13876,"date":"2024-09-18T12:56:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T12:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=13876"},"modified":"2026-03-12T00:11:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T00:11:22","slug":"georgia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/destinations\/europe\/georgia\/","title":{"rendered":"Georgia"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, hay m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai\u2014Shkhara, xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 5.200 m\u00e9t. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Georgia tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam qua c\u00e1c r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1eb9o, c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng theo \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Georgia, qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1edd, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may th\u00f4 s\u01a1. Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u1eabn \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i\u2014Colchis, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu v\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u01a1i l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng len c\u1eebu. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Sakartvelo.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh Georgia\u2014kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Kavkaz t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch Georgia v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Svaneti, r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Samegrelo, c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a Kakheti. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Kavkaz l\u1edbn c\u1eaft ngang ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 Kazbek v\u00e0 Ushba cao h\u01a1n 5.000 m\u00e9t. Cao nguy\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ph\u00eda nam, trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00f4ng chia c\u1eaft th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Tusheti \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Batumi, c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e9p k\u00edn\u2014m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef, \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y, m\u00f3n \u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c th\u00e1p Svan, th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, v\u1eabn canh g\u00e1c c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 gia s\u00fac.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh sinh th\u00e1i v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, Georgia v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 5.600 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 4.300 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch. R\u1eebng m\u01b0a \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai Ajaria v\u00e0 Samegrelo; ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i, g\u1ea5u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o Caucasian kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u1eabn r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp \u1edf r\u00eca c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng xa x\u00f4i h\u01a1n. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m v\u1eabn b\u01a1i tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Rioni\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u2014trong khi nho l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f2 l\u00ean c\u00e2y \u1edf Kakheti trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, r\u1ee7 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f9m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

Tbilisi, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u1ecdc l\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 cong, b\u1eafc qua s\u00f4ng Mtkvari ngay ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm th\u1eddi Ottoman v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm t\u1ed1i t\u0103m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ea1y qua nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5, Tbilisi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Gruzia: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\u2014nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u2014nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c tin Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m neo v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Georgia - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 - kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. Vardzia, m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n hang \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, m\u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 h\u1ebbm n\u00fai b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh th\u1ed5i qua nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, Georgia, b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ottoman v\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u00c2u\u2014kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ebfn. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Nga \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00e2u t\u00f3m v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Georgia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho gi\u1edbi tinh hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Sa ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng im l\u1eb7ng trong c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y Li\u00ean X\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u1eebng m\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e9 n\u00e1t m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bhai khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2014Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia\u2014r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n tra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi l\u00ednh bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng Nga. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n\u2014nh\u01b0 Sukhumi v\u00e0 Tskhinvali\u2014v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tranh ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa h\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 2003 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfm hoi. Georgia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y: t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1n t\u1ec9nh Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 NATO. Moscow \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn. N\u0103m 2008, sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf Nam Ossetia, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nga \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i\u2014c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Georgia v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i Tbilisi, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i. \u1ede Kakheti, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng leng keng c\u1ee7a k\u00e9o c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a v\u00e0 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y nho. R\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t nung g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kvevri, nho l\u00ean men theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, v\u1ecf v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m linh. UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Supra\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u2014t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 tamada, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fac tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng khinkali v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5m Saperavi m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc. L\u00e0m kh\u00e1ch \u1edf Gruzia l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fac v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi di c\u01b0, chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n kinh t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Georgia \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. T\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia tham nh\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. R\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi Batumi - th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ven bi\u1ec3n r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u1ecd - n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf.<\/p>\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Georgia v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. George Balanchine, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp New York City Ballet, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u00e2m \u0111a \u00e2m khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. B\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e2n gian "Chakrulo" \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean t\u00e0u Voyager 2\u2014m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u1edf r\u00eca v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao qu\u00fd. S\u1eed thi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 c\u1ee7a Shota Rustaveli, The Knight in the Panther's Skin, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u2014v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac. \u1ede Svaneti v\u00e0 Khevsureti, nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. \u1ede Mtskheta, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Svetitskhoveli th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u1ede Kutaisi, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Bagrati \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 nh\u00ecn ra S\u00f4ng Rioni, m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Georgia.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Georgia m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang \u00e2m \u1ec9, c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mong manh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m Georgia kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xinh \u0111\u1eb9p\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p\u2014m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, n\u01a1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo s\u00e1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n

L\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m Georgia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng nho: nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m ch\u1ee9a c\u1eb7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 6.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn Georgia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng nho, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 sa m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ee5i v\u00e0ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u00fai. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 B\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu v\u00e0ng, neo gi\u1eef Georgia trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, hai v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u1ede ph\u00eda t\u00e2y l\u00e0 Colchis, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i \u1ea9n. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0ng, m\u1eadt ong v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, cao nguy\u00ean Iberia (hay Kartli trong ti\u1ebfng Gruzia) tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo: c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i - t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a Scythia \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c satrap Achaemenid - trong khi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Colchis v\u00e0 Iberia xoay quanh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed sau \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Colchis \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 b\u00e1n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p trong khi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Iberia dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp: Ba T\u01b0, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 La M\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i d\u1eady b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Nino, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cappadocia c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh George - \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong v\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, Iberia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0ng gia.<\/p>\n

Qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, di s\u1ea3n song sinh c\u1ee7a Colchis v\u00e0 Iberia \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Georgia. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n men cloisonn\u00e9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc bia \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca s\u1ebd vang v\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 sau n\u00e0y. Trong m\u1ed7i s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u1ebbm n\u00fai, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Georgia duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Bagratid v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Gruzia \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chung d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Bagratid. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Adarnase IV c\u1ee7a Iberia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 danh hi\u1ec7u "Vua c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia", \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi David IV, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 "Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng", th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t. L\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1089, David \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Seljuk, s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa phong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1-tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm t\u1ea1i Khakhuli v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c trung th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u1ecfi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u g\u00e1i David l\u00e0 Tamar (tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1184 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1213) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cai tr\u1ecb Georgia theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0ng gia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Georgia \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea1i Shamkor v\u00e0 Basian; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Georgia; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Constantinople, Baghdad v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Kavkaz. H\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua, Tamar c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u01b0. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0ng gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh s\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh thu nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. Tu vi\u1ec7n Gelati, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c David IV th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1106, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh. C\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Aristotle b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Gruzia, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean Samtskhe, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e1 Vardzia \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebdo g\u1ecdt t\u1eeb v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u2014s\u1ef1 ganh \u0111ua gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thung l\u0169ng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII, Georgia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y nho v\u00e0 n\u00fai.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/h2>\n

Sau \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Georgia b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 suy y\u1ebfu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1240\u20131250 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia; c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Vua George V "the Brilliant" \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 ganh \u0111ua n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c phong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bh\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c Panaskerteli, Dadiani v\u00e0 Jaqeli - \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Kartli v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Imereti, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gruzia b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ba T\u01b0-Safavid \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Kakheti, trong khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ottoman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Samtskhe-Javakheti. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Gruzia dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i - c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ottoman - v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o xa x\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a Tamar v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf Gelati v\u00e0 Vardzia, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i linh thi\u00eang tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1783, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ottoman v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0, Vua Erekle II c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng Kartli\u2013Kakheti \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Georgievsk v\u1edbi Catherine II c\u1ee7a Nga. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t Gruzia d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nga, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Iran Agha Mohammad Khan ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh - l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 Tbilisi n\u0103m 1795 - th\u00ec qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Moscow \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm coi v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Gruzia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. Trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Bagratid \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Nga b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Gruzia ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang Nga.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1801, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kartli\u2013Kakheti \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. C\u00e1c th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Sa ho\u00e0ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y: Imereti s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1810, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i Kavkaz \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, Georgia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c\u2014b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c Nga h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd\u2014v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Tbilisi v\u1edbi c\u1ea3ng Batumi \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en; c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Gruzia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1eabn \u00e2m \u1ec9. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Dadiani v\u00e0 Orbeliani v\u1eabn nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u2014l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u1ee7a Vakhtang VI t\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gruzia v\u1eabn g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd v\u1edbi St Petersburg. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u1edf Tbilisi v\u00e0 Kutaisi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Gruzia; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Ilia Chavchavadze \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a; v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf Mtskheta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Gruzia c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Georgia\u2014nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca \u0111a \u00e2m, nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y nho v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1\u2014\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eed v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, Georgia s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4<\/h2>\n

Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga n\u0103m 1917, Georgia \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1eddi c\u01a1. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1918, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Anh, Tbilisi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Georgia. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 trung l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Entente \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1921, H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Gruzia, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gruzia l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, Joseph Stalin\u2014b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia t\u1eeb khi sinh ra\u2014\u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thanh tr\u1eebng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e0n s\u00e1t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng: c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng spa v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang Kakheti v\u00e0 Imereti \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eadp trung, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Gruzia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Moscow.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra mong manh. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u0103m 1918 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1991, khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3, Gruzia m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c: c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ly khai \u1edf Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di d\u1eddi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a GDP\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1994, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1989.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng tr\u00e0n lan v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa h\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 2003 - b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed gian l\u1eadn - th\u00ec Gruzia m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Mikheil Saakashvili, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp NATO v\u00e0 EU \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Moscow t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2008. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Gruzia kh\u1ecfi Nam Ossetia, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai khu v\u1ef1c ly khai - m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c giao tranh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, Georgia \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia, c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Nga v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a Georgia khi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Georgia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Georgia - m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Kartvelian c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m Svan, Mingrelian v\u00e0 Laz - \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 87,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n
\n. Abkhaz gi\u1eef v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng t\u00ean, trong khi ti\u1ebfng Azerbaijan (6,2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m), ti\u1ebfng Armenia (3,9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Nga (1,2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Kvemo Kartli, Samtskhe-Javakheti v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Tbilisi.<\/p>\n

Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia\u2014d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Gruzia qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, khi ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Nino x\u1ee9 Cappadocia b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u1edf Iberia. Ng\u00e0y nay, 83,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tu\u00e2n theo Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Gruzia, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Constantinople t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 10,7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia, chia th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shia Azerbaijan \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sunni \u1edf Adjara, H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Pankisi v\u00e0, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Abkhaz v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 Meskhetian. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Armenia (2,9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m), C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 (0,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ee9c tin nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Gruzia. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u00f4n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, ngay c\u1ea3 khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Gruzia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Georgia c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 86,8 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gruzia. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Abkhazia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Armenia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Azerbaijan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ossetia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di c\u01b0, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia - \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb 3,71 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 3,69 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng coi tr\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chung nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc duy nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t<\/h2>\n

Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Georgia, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f2a th\u00e1p cao v\u00fat, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111an xen trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p vang d\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Svaneti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1 vu\u00f4ng Mestia v\u00e0 Ushguli\u2014nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1i g\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y t\u1eebng che ch\u1edf cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1eebng s\u1eefng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng cho s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Khertvisi ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Mtkvari; nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gruzia.<\/p>\n

Trong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, phong c\u00e1ch \u201cm\u00e1i v\u00f2m ch\u00e9o\u201d \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft tinh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i v\u00f2m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh ca ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5. Tu vi\u1ec7n Gelati g\u1ea7n Kutaisi l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9t ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc, tranh gh\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 b\u00edch h\u1ecda k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft Byzantine v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, trong khi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t \u0111a \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tu vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o Ph\u00fac \u00e2m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c Ph\u00fac \u00e2m Mokvi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt thu nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea5t son v\u00e0 xanh lam \u0111\u1eadm, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y leo \u0111an xen ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed3ng nho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng minh cho m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Byzantine sang ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Georgia, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gruzia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong s\u1eed thi The Knight in the Panther's Skin v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p b\u00fat b\u1edfi Shota Rustaveli, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng \u0111an xen t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cung \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Rustaveli \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Ilia Chavchavadze v\u00e0 Nikoloz Baratashvili h\u1ed3i sinh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n\u2014\u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t, di s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gruzia xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u00e0i h\u00e1t. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng cao c\u1ee7a Svaneti \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Kakheti, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a \u00e2m ba ph\u1ea7n: m\u1ed9t \u00e2m tr\u1ea7m \u201cison\u201d l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho giai \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng giai \u0111i\u1ec7u \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u201cChakrulo\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0110\u0129a v\u00e0ng Voyager, mang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u2014m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra t\u1eeb nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00e0y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Georgia. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda, folio v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2014chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi du kh\u00e1ch d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gruzia t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2014kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o\u2014nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 huy sang c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ngay sau Li\u00ean X\u00f4, xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t ly khai \u1edf Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1994, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1989.<\/p>\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y trong GDP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 6 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng nho l\u1ea1i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t: Georgia t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed1m th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y c\u1eb7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 6.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y nay, kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 ha v\u01b0\u1eddn nho tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 Kakheti, Kartli v\u00e0 Imereti s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch l\u00ean men qvevri v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang quen thu\u1ed9c h\u01a1n. Ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec sinh k\u1ebf \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, v\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang Georgia hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Berlin \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e3y Kavkaz, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Enguri v\u00e0 Rioni, bi\u1ebfn Georgia th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ee3p kim ferro, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a Georgia. Thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ca ng\u1ee3i Georgia l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 kinh doanh\u2014leo t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 112 l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 18 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m\u2014v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u
\n. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 60 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, trong khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Georgia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang giao th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3ng Poti v\u00e0 Batumi tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng container \u0111\u1ebfn Trung \u00c1, trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u Baku\u2013Tbilisi\u2013Ceyhan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Azerbaijan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Kars\u2013Tbilisi\u2013Baku, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1ed5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nam Kavkaz, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. C\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u\u2014xe c\u1ed9, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m\u2014di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o khi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u\u2014qu\u1eb7ng, r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng\u2014di chuy\u1ec3n ra, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m GDP v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh: t\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015. Thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 1.022 lari (kho\u1ea3ng 426 \u0111\u00f4 la) c\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Georgia \u0111\u00e3 leo l\u00ean m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao, \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 61 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 117 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m\u2014cao th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2014v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed3m 75 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Georgia \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e8o theo m\u00f9a. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2016, kho\u1ea3ng 2,7 tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u01a1m kho\u1ea3ng 2,16 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Georgia, m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n doanh thu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean m\u1ee9c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 9,3 tri\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1n 3 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 trong ba qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 - ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n 11 tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i doanh thu du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00ean 6,6 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 - ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Du kh\u00e1ch b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi 103 khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a Georgia, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao, su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa. Gudauri v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, trong khi l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ven bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Batumi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u2014Tu vi\u1ec7n Gelati v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Mtskheta\u2014l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m neo gi\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ananuri v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 Sighnaghi. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2018, h\u01a1n 1,4 tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Nga, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c ngay c\u1ea3 khi lu\u1ed3ng du kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay Kutaisi v\u00e0 Tbilisi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Georgia hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 21.110 km, \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8o Greater Kavkaz. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c\u2014nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4ng-t\u00e2y S1, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hai l\u00e0n xe ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng caravan c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn theo m\u00f9a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m tr\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn th\u1eed th\u00e1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu ph\u00ed m\u1edbi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Gruzia d\u00e0i 1.576 km t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Caspi, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch qua c\u00e1c n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh
\n. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 ga t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Azerbaijan v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u1ed5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Kars\u2013Tbilisi\u2013Baku mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2014khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2017\u2014ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Georgia v\u00e0o H\u00e0nh lang Trung t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb Tbilisi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m xuy\u00ean Kavkaz.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n s\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Georgia\u2014Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi v\u00e0 Mestia\u2014hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Tbilisi, trung t\u00e2m b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Istanbul; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Kutaisi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Wizz Air v\u00e0 Ryanair t\u1eeb Berlin, Milan, London v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Batumi duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi Istanbul v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn theo m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebfn Kyiv v\u00e0 Minsk, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 du l\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh MICE (h\u1ecdp, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m) \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Georgia.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en t\u1ea1i Poti v\u00e0 Batumi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e0. Trong khi Batumi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Azerbaijan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, Poti t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng container \u0111\u1ebfn Trung \u00c1. Ph\u00e0 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i Georgia v\u1edbi Bulgaria, Romania, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ukraine, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Georgia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng colline ven bi\u1ec3n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf n\u00fai cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Kavkaz. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng: x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t gia t\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u1edf c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu g\u00e2y ra\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Georgia \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xanh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n bao ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia. \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Tusheti v\u00e0 Kazbegi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu\u2014nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed7 quy\u00ean Kavkaz\u2014v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 d\u00ea n\u00fai v\u00e0 d\u00ea bezoar \u0110\u00f4ng Kavkaz. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Ispani v\u00e0 Colchic, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai hoang \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u1ede Svaneti v\u00e0 Tusheti, nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. \u1ede v\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang Kakheti, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea5t\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u0169ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 xanh c\u1ee7a Georgia. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i - b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a l\u1edbn tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Enguri v\u00e0 Rioni, trong khi c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Georgia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc Kavkaz \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n sinh th\u00e1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng xanh, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh - v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nung n\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc - v\u1eabn ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

Georgia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a1n vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Tbilisi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh nghi l\u1ec5, trong khi quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p n\u1eb1m trong tay Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c. Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf - nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Minh b\u1ea1ch Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gruzia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Euro-Atlantic. T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi NATO t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 Khu v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi Nga, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an ninh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khu v\u1ef1c, Georgia \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf (\u201cGUAM\u201d) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ukraine, Azerbaijan v\u00e0 Moldova, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Georgia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/h2>\n

Cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Georgia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 di s\u1ea3n th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0o x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc (6\u201311 tu\u1ed5i), trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf (11\u201315 tu\u1ed5i) v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (15\u201318 tu\u1ed5i), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 97 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trong khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tham gia trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng chung dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh m\u1ee9c 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp. Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Georgia, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Azerbaijan, ti\u1ebfng Armenia v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Nga duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thanh tra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p theo C\u01a1 quan \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3m PISA (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 H\u1ecdc sinh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) c\u1ee7a Georgia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u00f4n to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2009 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai nh\u01b0 Svaneti v\u00e0 Tusheti, ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bh\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Tbilisi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1918, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u01a1n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh\u2014y khoa, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u2014m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean theo c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Erasmus+ v\u00e0 Fulbright, trong khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a Georgia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Semashko c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u2014bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u2014cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa thu\u1ebf chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb chuy\u00ean khoa v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 72 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000 l\u00ean 77 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m gi\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m\u2014b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p\u2014chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Y t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb xa th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Georgia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng 1.300 b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 1.800 y t\u00e1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Tbilisi v\u00e0 Batumi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m c\u0169 k\u1ef9 do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb-n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Georgia. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng y t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\u2014S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Georgia cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i\u2014c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1ed1p k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng v\u00f9ng cao, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tbilisi, n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. C\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u2014Abanotubani, Sololaki, Mtatsminda\u2014b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ban c\u00f4ng g\u1ed7, ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co v\u1eabn theo c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c do c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn Vake v\u00e0 Saburtalo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i chung c\u01b0 Khrushchyovka, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, khi quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 mang l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ven s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 k\u00ednh b\u1eafc qua S\u00f4ng Mtkvari, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Tbilisi - m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966 - v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho h\u01a1n 100.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1ed5 sung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn giao th\u00f4ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian xanh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Batumi, c\u1ea3ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a T\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Adjara, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Gruzia. T\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ea3ng bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n cao t\u1ea7ng, khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1p ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf Batumi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c, g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Kutaisi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Imereti v\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Gruzia (2012\u20132019), \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y Gruzia. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u2014bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i C\u1ea7u Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Bagrati\u2014\u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat du l\u1ecbch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m. Rustavi, Telavi, Zugdidi v\u00e0 Akhaltsikhe c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eadu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng di s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u01a1n 40 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng\u2014nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng. \u1ede c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Racha, Khevsureti v\u00e0 Svaneti, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, khi nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i r\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o phi t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng nho \u1edf Kakheti, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eefa \u1edf Samtskhe-Javakheti v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng len \u1edf Tusheti nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y\u2014th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014Georgia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh quan s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng th\u00edch nghi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i v\u1eabn g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb trong m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0n \u0103n, l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb\u2014K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Georgia<\/h2>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Georgia m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch theo th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n chung, vui v\u1ebb. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Georgia l\u00e0 supra, m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng do tamada mang \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 chung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i nghi l\u1ec5, ch\u00ednh trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Georgia th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Kakheti, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai cho ra c\u1ea3 nho v\u00e0 ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Ph\u00f4 mai Imeretian v\u1ee5n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec m\u1ec1m trong khachapuri, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa tan ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng b\u00e1t lobio\u2014\u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecf n\u1ea5u ch\u1eadm ng\u00e2m trong ng\u00f2 r\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ecfi\u2014\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n g\u1ed7 th\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00eca n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t m\u1eadn tkemali cay n\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1ee3 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0o ch\u00edn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u1ef1u chua, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f3n salad g\u1ed3m c\u00e0 chua v\u00e0 d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t x\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, r\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea7u \u00f3c ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1eafc th\u00eam th\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Likhi Ridge \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Mingrelia, kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, khachapuri c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 pho m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i, h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb thoang tho\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a chakapuli\u2014th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu h\u1ea7m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng ng\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5m v\u1edbi m\u1eadn xanh chua\u2014n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ottoman v\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0, trong khi elargi gomi, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t ng\u00f4 ch\u1eafc, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea3i th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 h\u1ea7m cay th\u01a1m l\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00fac l\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u1edd Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Adjara l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean n\u00fai. Cam qu\u00fdt ch\u00edn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 Batumi l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng b\u1eebng c\u00e1c m\u00f3n salad, trong khi c\u00e1 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f3n s\u00fap c\u00e1 th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, pho m\u00e1t d\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau xanh hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e9t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i phyllo v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Svaneti v\u00e0 Tusheti, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e1o v\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng mchadi, lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh m\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t ng\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t ki\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 qua tuy\u1ebft m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u1ee1 l\u1ee3n mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u00fac x\u00edch hun kh\u00f3i treo tr\u00ean x\u00e0 nh\u00e0, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cho m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m rau c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m kh\u00f4 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i th\u00eca truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng con d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u00e8o cao \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Georgia d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Trong nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Tbilisi, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u1ecf \u1ea5m c\u00fang b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf: c\u00e0 t\u00edm m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee7 b\u1ed9t \u00f3c ch\u00f3, nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i hun kh\u00f3i hun kh\u00f3i trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 \u00f3c ch\u00f3 ng\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a kubdari, b\u00e1nh m\u00ec nh\u1ed3i th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u00e2y t\u1ea9m gia v\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eadu gia truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u00e9p nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t b\u1eefa \u0103n, r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0n \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang m\u00e0u h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch l\u00ean men trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t qvevri mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 pho m\u00e1t, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang tr\u1eafng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd\u2014l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nho rkatsiteli ho\u1eb7c mtsvane\u2014l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m ngon h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5m nh\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc; ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed7i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Georgia kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i hay s\u1ebfn s\u00faa. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ebfp n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111ong mu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng tay, trong nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 n\u01a1i gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecf n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi pha ch\u1ebf r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a tamada. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i b\u1eefa \u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u \u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p, h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngon nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 thao<\/h2>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh di s\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang h\u1ed3i sinh, Georgia ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 thao cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y mang theo h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Georgia l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i m\u00f9a h\u00e8, Tbilisi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh cho c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Li\u00ean hoan phim qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Tbilisi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu h\u01a1n 120 phim truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phim ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y, thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfu phim t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2n trong ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. Song song v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Li\u00ean hoan Art-Gene, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2004, tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 d\u00e2n gian, ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c\u2014l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean n\u00fai\u2014l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111a \u00e2m \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Jazz Tbilisi \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1c jazz, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Jazz Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en c\u1ee7a Batumi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ven bi\u1ec3n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u n\u1ed5i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ecd c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. C\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Georgia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng \u0111i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh quan \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c gia Rustaveli \u1edf Tbilisi d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00ean phong, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Song song \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian Gruzia, ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00fai th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u di\u1ec5n kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn Vera v\u00e0 Sololaki c\u1ee7a Tbilisi tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecda s\u0129, nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean di s\u1ea3n Si\u00eau th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014t\u1eeb h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u00e2y nho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef7 v\u1eadt th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4\u2014\u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u00fd \u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tbilisi th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 2015) thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c Gruzia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Gruzia v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i S\u00e1ch Tbilisi, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb - vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Gruzia ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 - \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 di c\u01b0, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba t\u00f4n vinh v\u1eeba t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 thao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Gruzia tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n. Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 x\u1ee9 Wales v\u00e0 Argentina trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i b\u00f9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Tbilisi v\u00e0 Batumi. C\u00e1c s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadt k\u00edn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh h\u00f4 vang theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ba ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Gruzia.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5u v\u1eadt v\u00e0 judo d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean di s\u1ea3n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean Gruzia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ee5c vinh quang Olympic. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1eed t\u1ea1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n anh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n gian \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng v\u00f9ng cao, n\u01a1i ca h\u00e1t v\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

C\u1edd vua, m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Gruzia.<\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 th\u00f4ng qua khung phim, t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y hay ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7m r\u00fa c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 thao c\u1ee7a Georgia ng\u00e0y nay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c di t\u00edch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Georgia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Di c\u01b0, K\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia<\/h2>\n

R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Ukraine \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Iran, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a New York \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u1ee7a Marseille, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia di c\u01b0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9\u2014mang theo nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. L\u00fd do ra \u0111i r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng\u2014chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nhu c\u1ea7u kinh t\u1ebf\u2014nh\u01b0ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng n\u0103m 1921, gi\u1edbi tinh hoa ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn Istanbul, Paris v\u00e0 Warsaw, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u vong duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Georgia tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u01b0u vong nh\u01b0 Noe Jordania v\u00e0 Grigol Robakidze \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb duy tr\u00ec tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i Nga, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, \u00dd, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Gruzia: \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 12 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP, cung c\u1ea5p thu nh\u1eadp thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ee9u sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, di s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Thessaloniki ho\u1eb7c Brooklyn, tr\u1ebb em theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Georgian v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh ca c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng lan truy\u1ec1n\u2014c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh mang theo m\u1ee9t m\u1eadn chua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c kh\u00f4 qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ebfp \u0103n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 khinkali v\u00e0 lobiani t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Gruzia \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di c\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch k\u00e9p v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Gruzia cung c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

K\u00fd \u1ee9c neo gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia l\u01b0u vong th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 theo ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn nho gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Kakheti kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n do b\u00e0 ch\u00e9p tay, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda nh\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 n\u00e0y\u2014v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u2014duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n: nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c mua \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169 h\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Georgia m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua k\u00fd \u1ee9c, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng\u2014m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang Georgia trong m\u00ecnh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1edf xa.<\/p>\n

Georgia t\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng \u1edf Georgia l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vo ve dai d\u1eb3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ng\u1ea7m \u0111an xen v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. N\u00f3 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 giao nhau: m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4; m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c vang v\u1ecdng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Homer; m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ed5. Georgia, h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang k\u00fd \u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u00e0y nay, Georgia li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n\u2014kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu xung \u0111\u1ed9t\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i lui v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Georgia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Georgia, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia xuy\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c1, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. N\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng Kavkaz, Georgia tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i 69.700 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (26.900 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 3,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tbilisi, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3046,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13876","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13876"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13876\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}