Plymouth n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Devon t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a hai con s\u00f4ng Plym v\u00e0 Tamar, ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh Roborough, cao 155 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 266.862 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2022, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Exeter 58 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch London 311 km, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi Plymouth Sound v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1814 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00ea ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Devon, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u1ea1i N\u00fai Batten, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u ven bi\u1ec3n s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sutton \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Sound. Khi Edward IV c\u1ea5p quy ch\u1ebf qu\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1439, khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Plymouth\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho n\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: c\u00e1c t\u00e0u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Plymouth Sound; c\u00e1c h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00ea ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng; c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau.<\/p>\n
Di s\u1ea3n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1588, khi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y tham gia h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i Armada c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. B\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1642 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1646. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Plymouth v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1690, B\u1ed9 H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh X\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u Devonport \u1edf b\u1edd t\u00e2y s\u00f4ng Tamar, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Plymouth v\u1edbi H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng gia. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m bu\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e3 tham gia c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia trong c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp; s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ecdc l\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Plymouth \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Plympton v\u00e0 Plymstock l\u00e2n c\u1eadn\u2014l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Plym\u2014m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vua George V \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh quy ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra: c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u1ee7a Luftwaffe trong Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Blitz Plymouth \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 cho trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh Plymouth hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1944, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Patrick Abercrombie k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng\u2014Armada Way l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3\u2014chia \u0111\u00f4i l\u00f5i ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 ga v\u1edbi m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t Hoe.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trung t\u00e2m, nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecdc theo ranh gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1eddn, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Abercrombie\u2014ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p\u2014v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh g\u1ea7n Ph\u1ed1 Union. Kh\u00f4ng gian xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00f3i chung: hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch trung b\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n 46.000 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Trung t\u00e2m\u2014n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn Freedom Fields v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Alexandra, cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Plymouth v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn s\u00e9t k\u1ef7 Devon th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn k\u1ef7 Devon h\u1ea1 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong khi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i k\u1ef7 Devon trung k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Cremyll v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e1 granit t\u1eeb Dartmoor n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 - t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua Tamar \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i - v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebfc, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng minh cho v\u00e0nh \u0111ai kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Cornwall ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Plymouth. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Sound x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 L\u1ee3i \u00edch Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a Devon.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Anh. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 14 \u00b0C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm khi d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 \u00b0C. S\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm: t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebft t\u00edch t\u1ee5 hi\u1ebfm khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3y cm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft tr\u00f4i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng m\u00e9t tan ch\u1ea3y trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd n\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn s\u00e1u tr\u0103m gi\u1edd \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e2y yucca v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u2014trong khi m\u00f9a thu v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u01b0a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Gi\u00f3 t\u00e2y nam ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o mang theo \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Plymouth. N\u0103m 2011, khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ghi nh\u1eadn 256.384 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, t\u0103ng l\u00ean 266.862 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Quy m\u00f4 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 2,3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh da tr\u1eafng\u201489,5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m\u2014nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean: C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi da \u0111en kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi du m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n sinh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, chuy\u1ec3n giao nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh.<\/p>\n
N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i sang c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. X\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u Devonport v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3y ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e0 n\u1ed1i Millbay v\u1edbi Brittany v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc T\u00e2y Ban Nha, trong khi C\u1ea7u thang Mayflower \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn N\u00fai Batten v\u00e0 Ph\u00e0 Cremyll duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1edbi Cornwall. Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Plymouth sinh s\u1ed1ng trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Roland Levinsky g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh\u2014ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2008\u2014v\u00e0 Beckley Point cao h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e1p d\u00e2n c\u01b0 cao hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ea7ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n
M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng \u0111an xen th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ga Plymouth n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean Tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh Cornish, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Great Western \u0111\u1ebfn London v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn Exeter, Penzance v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong khi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u CrossCountry \u0111\u1ebfn Midlands v\u00e0 Scotland. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Tuy\u1ebfn Tamar Valley v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u Tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh Cornish \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u0103ng qua Tamar tr\u00ean C\u1ea7u Royal Albert n\u0103m 1859 c\u1ee7a Brunel. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c hai chi\u1ec1u A38, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "The Parkway", ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M5 g\u1ea7n Exeter v\u00e0, qua C\u1ea7u Tamar, v\u00e0o Cornwall. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt - ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do Plymouth Citybus v\u00e0 Stagecoach \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed7 xe v\u00e0 \u0111i xe t\u1ea1i Milehouse, Coypool v\u00e0 George Junction. M\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n bay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7; h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Exeter v\u00e0 Newquay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 27, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 159 km v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y sau khi \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray xe l\u1eeda c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ed1 Union\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7\u2014l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930 v\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1p k\u1ef9 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam; k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c khu d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh di s\u1ea3n. The Hoe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh b\u1edfi Th\u00e1p Smeaton v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Ho\u00e0ng gia n\u0103m 1666, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 MTV Crashes v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u00e1o hoa Anh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c tr\u00ean V\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Ho\u00e0ng gia Plymouth t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1n ph\u00f2ng Lyric, trong khi Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Drum v\u00e0 The Lab h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. Plymouth Pavilions t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim nh\u1ecf, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y cung bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a khu ph\u1ed1 Barbican thu h\u00fat c\u1ea3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb Tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Plymouth v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Fringe \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Armada tr\u00ean The Hoe.<\/p>\n
V\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Barbican\u2014khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Anh\u2014v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng C\u1ea5p I trong con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Devonport. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng Mayflower Steps, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0u gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Sutton Pool. M\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Saltram, m\u1ed9t khu \u0111i\u1ec1n trang Jacobean v\u00e0 Georgian c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo phong c\u00e1ch Khai s\u00e1ng. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Crownhill Fort\u2014m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Palmerston's Follies\u2014cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i Dartmoor, nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Tamar v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u1ecbnh Whitsand, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i y\u00eau th\u00edch b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Plymouth 2019\u20132034\u2014x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ba h\u00e0nh lang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng: trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1edd s\u00f4ng; tr\u1ee5c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc qua Derriford v\u00e0 Roborough; v\u00e0 cung ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m Sherford v\u00e0 Langage. Khung n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m d\u00e2n c\u01b0, \u0111an xen Plympton v\u00e0 Plymstock v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trong khi v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0nh \u0111ai xanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf theo H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Southampton nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m giao d\u1ecbch th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Plymouth th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp th\u00edch nghi, m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, ki\u1ec3u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ven bi\u1ec3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 Devon v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Plymouth, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Devon, T\u00e2y Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 266.862 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Devon. C\u00e1ch Exeter kho\u1ea3ng 36 d\u1eb7m (58 km) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 193 d\u1eb7m (311 km), Plymouth n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Plym v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Tamar \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ven bi\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Plymouth v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Anh.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3060,"parent":12648,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12717","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12717"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12717\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12648"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}