Odesa, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ukraine, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 46\u00b028\u2032 B\u1eafc, 30\u00b044\u2032 \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 162,42 km\u00b2 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1eadc thang c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh 50 m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n 4,2 m\u00e9t \u1edf m\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2021, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.010.537 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Odesa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh k\u00e9p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 T\u1ec9nh Odesa v\u00e0 T\u1ec9nh Odesa. \u0110\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 - hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi xung \u0111\u1ed9t - trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Danh s\u00e1ch Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2023.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Histria c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng qua bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed n\u0103m 1415 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng Slavic Kotsiubijiv, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Odesa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Litva, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn Constantinople; n\u0103m 1529, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Hacibey trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Ottoman cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1794 c\u1ee7a Catherine II t\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Odessa. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga, m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Slavonic.<\/p>\n
B\u1edd s\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m ba c\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh\u2014C\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Odesa, C\u1ea3ng Pivdennyi \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 v\u00e0 Chornomorsk xa h\u01a1n d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n\u2014c\u00f9ng nhau x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00ea ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u0103ng theo m\u00f9a th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o. Ph\u00eda sau nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000, B\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy ch\u1ebf khu kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bk\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Odesa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1eeda ng\u00f5.<\/p>\n
B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Odesa\u2014tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i thoai tho\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ra V\u1ecbnh Odesa\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 trong nhi\u1ec1u km v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Ba c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng\u2014Kuialnyk, Khadzhibey v\u00e0 Sukhyi\u2014t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1ecbp th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. N\u1ec1n tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn; nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m quanh co b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu v\u00e0, trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi du k\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi -10 \u00b0C, trong khi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1m m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p 30 \u00b0C v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20 \u00b0C\u2014nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a spa ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n sang tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, Odesa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch do c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 mang l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 c\u1ee7a Francesco Boffo\u2014cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c, Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potocki v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u2014g\u1ee3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Palladian; \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt M\u1edbi \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1887 theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e2n Baroque c\u1ee7a Fellner v\u00e0 Helmer, t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho khu ph\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t Rococo xa hoa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 mang theo ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m t\u1eeb s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1810, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1873; c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo Semperoper c\u1ee7a Dresden, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ee3t tr\u00f9ng tu m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Odesa l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u1ea7u thang Potemkin, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Boffo v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1837\u20131841 g\u1ed3m 200 b\u1eadc thang ban \u0111\u1ea7u\u2014nay l\u00e0 192 b\u1eadc\u2014v\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n h\u00f2a v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed h\u00f3a b\u1edfi Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m Potemkin c\u1ee7a Eisenstein, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ecdc theo ph\u1ed1 Derybasivska, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n vinh Jos\u00e9 de Ribas, \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neapolitan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u1ee7a Odessa. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n bar tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ti\u1ebfng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, trong khi Prymorsky Bulvar li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 bao quanh v\u00e0nh \u0111ai cao nguy\u00ean, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 uy nghi\u00eam h\u01b0\u1edbng ra bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a Odessa: Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Transfiguration Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Assumption C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Lutheran St Paul, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Do Th\u00e1i Brodsky v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Al-Salam, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng gian xanh \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u2014Gorodskoy Sad\u2014do Felix De Ribas quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1803 v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1806, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi theo m\u00f9a d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y xanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Shevchenko, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1875 trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a Alexander II, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 700 \u00d7 900 m\u00e9t g\u1ea7n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i d\u1ea1o n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i\u2014C\u1ed9t Alexander, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 S\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng Chornomorets\u2014v\u00e0 Baryatinsky Bulvar, u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ed5 sung cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Preobrazhensky, Gorky v\u00e0 Victory, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean sau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn b\u00e1ch th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 200 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Odessa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch: c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn Istanbul, Haifa v\u00e0 Varna, trong khi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn du ngo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng Dnieper \u0111\u1ebfn Kherson, Dnipro v\u00e0 Kyiv. C\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf du ngo\u1ea1n; sau khi Crimea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Odesa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ukraine.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c M05, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh "Avtomagistral", v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Kyiv; M16 \u0111\u1ebfn Moldova, M15 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Romania v\u00e0 Izmail, v\u00e0 M14 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Mariupol v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nga - c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, giao th\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Xe bu\u00fdt li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0111i qua c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow, Berlin v\u00e0 Athens, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft - t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Odessa Holovna, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 - k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Warsaw, Prague, Vienna, St Petersburg v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4n vinh m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: xe \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1881, thay th\u1ebf cho xe ng\u1ef1a n\u0103m 1880; xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y theo sau v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907. Ng\u00e0y nay, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1nh h\u01a1i, xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe marshrutka, trong khi m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo n\u0103m 1902 \u0111i l\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang Potemkin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p treo ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 B\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n Vidrada, v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1nh h\u01a1i s\u1ed1 14 c\u00f9ng xe marshrutka s\u1ed1 117 n\u1ed1i s\u00e2n bay v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng xe v\u00e0 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Odesa, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh qua trung t\u00e2m Boryspil c\u1ee7a Kyiv, thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n bay \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t - \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Arkadia \u1edf ph\u00eda nam trung t\u00e2m - v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ukraine. C\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n
Odesa k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec7n nghi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao, ngay c\u1ea3 trong ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u00e9m bom th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1eb9o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 mong manh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u thang n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i - m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1edfi di s\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 nh\u1ea5t Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Odesa, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf Ukraine, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 1.010.537 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2021. C\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Odesa Raion v\u00e0 Oblast Odesa, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Odesa v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vai tr\u00f2 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2023, Danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1eadn quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1eadn di s\u1ea3n \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3219,"parent":12613,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12633","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12633\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12613"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}