{"id":12321,"date":"2024-09-15T22:44:13","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T22:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=12321"},"modified":"2026-03-12T19:26:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T19:26:18","slug":"skopje","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/destinations\/europe\/north-macedonia\/skopje\/","title":{"rendered":"Skopje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Skopje, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 526.502 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2021. N\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Skopje, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Scupi, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Dardania c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Skopje \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Balkan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Scupi n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Byzantine t\u1eeb Constantinople sau khi \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 395 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Byzantine v\u00e0 Bulgaria. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 972 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 992, Skopje gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 trong \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Bulgaria. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Byzantine gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bulgaria, n\u0103m 1004 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Skopje thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Serbia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1282, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1346 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1371. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 Ottoman \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1392, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Serbia.<\/p>\n<p>Skopje, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00dcsk\u00fcb, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Balkan l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ottoman. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh pashasanjak c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u00dcsk\u00fcb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Vilayet c\u1ee7a Kosovo. V\u0103n h\u00f3a, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ottoman, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho Skopje s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ottoman \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Serbia ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Balkan n\u0103m 1912. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Skopje n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Bulgaria trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Vardarska Banovina v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Nam T\u01b0 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea9y Skopje v\u00e0o l\u00f2 l\u1eeda xung \u0111\u1ed9t, Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bBulgaria chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Skopje \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a SR Macedonia, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean bang d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Nam T\u01b0, sau xung \u0111\u1ed9t. N\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong khu v\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1963, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Skopje, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 6,1 \u0111\u1ed9 Richter \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o, ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Skopje.<\/p>\n<p>Skopje hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh. N\u1eb1m tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Vardar, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Balkan b\u1eafc-nam n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Belgrade v\u00e0 Athens. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Skopje nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a Skopje r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed7, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may, \u0111\u1ed3 da, in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Skopje ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ec3 thao. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3nh quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Skopje ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1eddi Byzantine v\u00e0 Ottoman, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1eddi Nam T\u01b0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n n\u00e0y n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Skopje c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Skopje, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2>Skopje: Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Balkans<\/h2>\n<p>Skopje, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Skopje d\u1ecdc theo th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Vardar, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Balkan trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. N\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa Belgrade, Serbia v\u00e0 Athens, Hy L\u1ea1p, Skopje n\u1eb1m trong h\u00e0nh lang Balkan b\u1eafc-nam quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h3>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: Theo d\u00f5i t\u00ean qua th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cSkopje\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ptolemy, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 150 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, g\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Scupi trong ti\u1ebfng Latin v\u00e0 \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba danh song song c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Illyrian \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Slav theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 Skoplje v\u00e0 Uskoplje \u1edf Bosnia v\u00e0 Uskoplje \u1edf Dalmatia (Croatia).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Albania c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, Shkup (d\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: Shkupi), th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ng\u1eef \u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Scupi th\u1eddi La M\u00e3. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Albania s\u1edbm trong khu v\u1ef1c. Scupi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ean Slavic th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0458e (Skopje), v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf Macedonia.<\/p>\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ottoman, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00dcsk\u00fcb (\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0628). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y lan truy\u1ec1n sang c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cUskub\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cUskup\u201d, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u201cScopia\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSkopia\u201d, v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Aromanian c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1912, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Serbia s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Vardar Macedonia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Skoplje (\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0459e) theo ch\u1eef Kirin Serbia. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Macedonia trong Nam T\u01b0 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfng Macedonia th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh Skopje (\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0458\u0435) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf: Skopje qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi La M\u00e3<\/h3>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Skopje c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Scupi. Scupi, n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Dardania c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t, thermae v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn, cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Khi \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 395 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Scupi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Byzantine, v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Constantinople.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Byzantine, Bulgaria v\u00e0 Serbia<\/h3>\n<p>Skopje tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Byzantine v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Bulgaria \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chinh ph\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 972 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 992, Skopje \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Bulgaria \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sa ho\u00e0ng Samuel. Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Byzantine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1004, sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Byzantine, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bulgaria. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n \u1edf Balkans v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1282, Skopje b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Serbia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Stefan Du\u0161an, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1371. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia Balkan h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ottoman: \u00dcsk\u00fcb, m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Balkan<\/h3>\n<p>N\u0103m 1392, \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ottoman s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Skopje v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u00dcsk\u00fcb, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ottoman trong h\u01a1n n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u1ede Balkan Ottoman, \u00dcsk\u00fcb s\u1edbm kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vilayet l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Kosovo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Pashasanjak c\u1ee7a \u00dcsk\u00fcp. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, hammam, caravanserais v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che (bedestens) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf khu ph\u1ed1 Old Bazaar. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ottoman. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1689, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>Chi\u1ebfn tranh Balkan v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam T\u01b0<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ottoman suy y\u1ebfu trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh Balkan. N\u0103m 1912, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Serbia \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Skopje. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u01a1n 500 n\u0103m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ottoman v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Serbia th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n th\u00eam khi b\u1ecb V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Bulgaria chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef. Sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u00c1o-Hung v\u00e0 Ottoman s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, Skopje \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Serbia, Croatia v\u00e0 Slovenia m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Nam T\u01b0). Trong Nam T\u01b0, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Vardarska Banovina, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bm\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bulgaria chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945, Skopje tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Macedonia, m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ea1o n\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Li\u00ean bang X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Nam T\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Josip Broz Tito. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963 v\u00e0 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1963, khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 6,1 \u0111\u1ed9 theo thang \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn m\u00f4 men, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 Skopje, l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n 80% c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi. V\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan Adolf Ciborowski (ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i Warsaw sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II) v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Kenzo Tange d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o Skopje th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ciborowski chia th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u00e0nh \u0111ai xanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u01b0 cao t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>Kenzo Tange \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u201cGradski Zid\u201d (T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh) \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u00e0i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Skopje, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Ch\u1ee3 c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi Ottoman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi Nam T\u01b0 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Skopje tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Macedonia m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (nay l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Macedonia). S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Skopje nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i \u201cSkopje 2014\u201d \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2010. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u theo phong c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Macedonia.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963, bao g\u1ed3m Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i theo phong c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch, th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n \u00fd mang t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u euro), ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kitsch) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Albania \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Albania \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Skanderbeg, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd: Thung l\u0169ng Skopje<\/h2>\n<p>Skopje n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Thung l\u0169ng Skopje, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng. S\u00f4ng Vardar, con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec3n Aegean v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y qua thung l\u0169ng, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 20 km (12 d\u1eb7m). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai bao quanh thung l\u0169ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc (Skopska Crna Gora) v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam (N\u00fai Vodno). \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0o Vardar v\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, S\u00f4ng Serava, ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Skopje bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn 571,46 km2, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 33 km (21 d\u1eb7m) chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 10 km (6,2 d\u1eb7m). Tuy nhi\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 337 km2, v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 65 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ha. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 245 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2021, khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u01b0 Dra\u010devo, Gorno Nerezi v\u00e0 Bardovci, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 526.502. Khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Kosovo. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb xung quanh bao g\u1ed3m \u010cu\u010der-Sandevo, Lipkovo, Ara\u010dinovo, Ilinden, Studeni\u010dani, Sopi\u0161te, \u017delino v\u00e0 Jegunovce.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n: S\u00f4ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed3<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00f4ng Vardar l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee7y v\u0103n ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ea3y qua trung t\u00e2m Skopje kho\u1ea3ng 60 km (37 d\u1eb7m) t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Gostivar. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 theo m\u00f9a, v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 51 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (m\u00b3\/gi\u00e2y). L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 99,6 m\u00b3\/gi\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 18,7 m\u00b3\/gi\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 4,6 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 18,1 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, s\u00f4ng Vardar g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962 khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t 1110 m\u00b3\/gi\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Byzantine v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1eadp Kozjak tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Treska v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o Vardar b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. L\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 S\u00f4ng Treska (d\u00e0i 130 km), ch\u1ea3y qua H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka xinh \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00f2a v\u00e0o Vardar \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. T\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, S\u00f4ng Lepenac ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o Kosovo. S\u00f4ng Serava, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, t\u1eebng ch\u1ea3y qua Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 do lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn Vardar g\u1ea7n t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Scupi c\u0169. S\u00f4ng Markova Reka ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb N\u00fai Vodno v\u00e0 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o Vardar \u1edf r\u00eca ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u1ed3 Matka, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean Treska \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. H\u1ed3 Treska \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. \u1ede r\u00eca \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng Smilkovci, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba h\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Skopje c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi S\u00f4ng Vardar v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7m. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch marl. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ebfng cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 m\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 144 m\u00e9t. N\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Skopje ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t su\u1ed1i karst \u1edf Ra\u0161\u010de, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Skopje l\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m (K\u00f6ppen: Cfa), gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea9m (K\u00f6ppen: Dfa). V\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng m\u01b0a do D\u00e3y n\u00fai Accursed t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a1i ven bi\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 12,6 \u0111\u1ed9 C (55 \u0111\u1ed9 F).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 l\u00e0 32 \u0111\u1ed9 C (90 \u0111\u1ed9 F). Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh 88 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 30 \u00b0C (86 \u00b0F) v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 10 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 35 \u00b0C (95 \u00b0F). Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 40 \u0111\u1ed9 C (104 \u0111\u1ed9 F).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, m\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebft t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1edbn r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 \u00b0C (41 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 \u00b0F), nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u00eam th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng (0 \u00b0C ho\u1eb7c 32 \u00b0F), \u0111\u00f4i khi xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi -10 \u00b0C (14 \u00b0F).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu l\u00e0 m\u00f9a chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m h\u01a1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 \u0111\u1ed9 C (59 \u0111\u1ebfn 75 \u0111\u1ed9 F). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb -13 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 39 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Skopje bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. N\u00fai Vodno, nh\u00ecn ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam, l\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p treo v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka, v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ed5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn bao ph\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng 4.361 ha \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. C\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian xanh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Gradski), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ottoman, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u017dena Borec g\u1ea7n t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean r\u1eebng Gazi Baba. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng xanh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m canh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Skopje ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p (m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00ec, k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 cadmium. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (bao g\u1ed3m nit\u01a1 oxit v\u00e0 carbon monoxide), l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong thung l\u0169ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra s\u00f4ng Vardar m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i r\u00e1c l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 15 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t (1.500 m\u00b3\/ng\u00e0y) v\u00e0 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (400 m\u00b3\/ng\u00e0y). B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea y t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf Skopje nh\u00ecn chung cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Skopje l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t palimpsest, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1963 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn sau \u0111\u00f3. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Adolf Ciborowski v\u00e0 Kenzo Tange, \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. B\u1edd nam c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Vardar ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u00e1p cao t\u1ea7ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Khu ph\u1ed1 Karpo\u0161, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Aerodrom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n bay c\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 80.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Tange, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed1i chu vi &#034;Gradski Zid&#034; (T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh) mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede b\u1edd b\u1eafc, n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 (Stara \u010car\u0161ija) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Ottoman. C\u00e1c qu\u1eadn xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ra Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Skopje. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ss. Cyril v\u00e0 Methodius v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Macedonia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u1eafc. B\u1edd n\u00e0y theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Albania, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma, trong khi b\u1edd nam ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft (kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960-1980) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Skopje th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h3>Skopje 2014: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo phong c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cSkopje 2014\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 baroque. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phong c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng (bao g\u1ed3m B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 b\u1eafc qua s\u00f4ng Vardar, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (bao g\u1ed3m Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 Philip II c\u1ee7a Macedon, g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p).<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh quan th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m Skopje, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1:<\/strong> Con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u euro, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n qu\u00e1 xa x\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9:<\/strong> Phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u1ebfn s\u00faa, thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Macedonia c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 VMRO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb:<\/strong> C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Albania ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Skanderbeg, nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Albania.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n, Skopje 2014 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 di t\u00edch th\u1eddi Ottoman.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Skopje c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 chung v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng hai ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Albania l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 20%, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 6%. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Serbia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bosnia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n c\u01b0 theo c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o, th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda nam S\u00f4ng Vardar trong c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam T\u01b0. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Albania, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf b\u1edd b\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 c\u0169 nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 (\u010car\u0161ija) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u010cair. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf Topaana, m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u010cair (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0160uto Orizari. \u0160uto Orizari, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i vi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Romani l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u1edf cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi do th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. Topaana v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0160uto Orizari c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh Topaana c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 3.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 5.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u0103m 2002, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 19,41 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m Centar (b\u1edd nam) c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch trung b\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 24 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, trong khi \u010cair (b\u1edd b\u1eafc) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 14 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0160uto Orizari, kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 13 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n<h3>Ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Skopje bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4. \u010cento, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn Belgrade, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 23.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. Dra\u010devo, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 20.000 d\u00e2n. Radi\u0161ani, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 9.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai Vodno v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Saraj, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 10 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u1ea1o n\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Skopje \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Ilinden v\u00e0 Petrovec. Nh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Skopje \u1edf Petrovec, n\u01a1i thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 \u1edf.<\/p>\n<h2>Kinh t\u1ebf: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h2>\n<p>Skopje, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong GDP qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Skopje (bao g\u1ed3m Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Skopje v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn) chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 45,5% t\u1ed5ng GDP c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 2009, GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 6.565 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, hay 155% GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Skopje trong B\u1eafc Macedonia, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Sofia (Bulgaria), Sarajevo (Bosnia v\u00e0 Herzegovina) v\u00e0 Belgrade (Serbia) v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Tirana (Albania).<\/p>\n<p>Do s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Skopje \u0111i l\u00e0m \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Kosovo, Albania v\u00e0 Nam Serbia \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Skopje, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30% GDP c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012). Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ec7t may, in \u1ea5n, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t da l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gazi Baba, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Skopje v\u1edbi Belgrade \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Thessaloniki (Hy L\u1ea1p) \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p Makstil v\u00e0 ArcelorMittal, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia Skopje (Pivara Skopje), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Aerodrom v\u00e0 Kisela Voda, d\u1ecdc theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Hy L\u1ea1p. Khu ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Alkaloid Skopje (d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m), Rade Kon\u010dar (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n), Imperial Tobacco (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Tutunski Kombinat Skopje) v\u00e0 Ohis (h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1).<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Khu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (TIDZ), v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Hai khu quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Skopje v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u Okta. C\u00e1c khu n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Johnson Controls (linh ki\u1ec7n \u00f4 t\u00f4), Johnson Matthey (b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 Van Hool (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe bu\u00fdt).<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/h3>\n<p>Skopje l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 S\u1edf giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Macedonia (MSE) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a B\u1eafc Macedonia (ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng). Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Komercijalna Banka Skopje, Stopanska Banka Skopje), c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 60% GDP. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, du l\u1ecbch, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Skopje k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf mua s\u1eafm hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u201cZelen Pazar\u201d (Ch\u1ee3 xanh) v\u00e0 \u201cBit Pazar\u201d (Ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi, n\u1eb1m trong Ch\u1ee3 c\u0169) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn mua s\u1eafm ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc. C\u00e1c si\u00eau th\u1ecb, trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Skopje City Mall, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012. Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t si\u00eau th\u1ecb l\u1edbn (ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Carrefour, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf), h\u01a1n 130 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, khu \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng). C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e1n l\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Skopje n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Balkan quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m giao th\u00f4ng, tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a hai h\u00e0nh lang giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u00e0nh lang X:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh lang X ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc-nam, n\u1ed1i Trung \u00c2u (\u00c1o) v\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p (Thessaloniki). \u1ede \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0nh lang n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c M-1 (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u E75), tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, n\u1ed1i Skopje (qua c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i) v\u1edbi Belgrade v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Hy L\u1ea1p. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh b\u1eafc-nam (Tabanovce-Gevgelija) c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Anh em v\u00e0 Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam T\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00e0nh lang VIII:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh lang VIII ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-t\u00e2y, n\u1ed1i Bi\u1ec3n Adriatic (Albania) v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en (Bulgaria). H\u00e0nh lang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Skopje v\u1edbi Tirana \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 Sofia \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c M-4 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Ki\u010devo-Beljakovce. Tuy nhi\u00ean, H\u00e0nh lang VIII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi H\u00e0nh lang X, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Albania.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Balkan kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Pristina (87 km), Sofia (245 km), Tirana (291 km), Thessaloniki (233 km) v\u00e0 Belgrade (433 km), hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Tirana, b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Skopje v\u00e0 Tirana \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Sofia v\u00e0 Thessaloniki, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u1ecdc theo H\u00e0nh lang VIII. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c M-1 ch\u00ednh (E75) tr\u00e1nh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, trong khi giao l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi M-4 (H\u00e0nh lang VIII) c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, g\u1ea7n s\u00e2n bay.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh \u1edf Skopje l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh cho du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. Nh\u00e0 ga v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa Belgrade v\u00e0 Thessaloniki, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Skopje v\u00e0 Pristina. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Corridor VIII ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2030 ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n), Skopje s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Sofia v\u00e0 Tirana. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Skopje v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf B\u1eafc Macedonia, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Kumanovo, Veles, \u0160tip, Bitola v\u00e0 Ki\u010devo. Skopje c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ga \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Skopje-North, \u01f4or\u010de Petrov, Dra\u010devo), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0u \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u \u0111i l\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ga ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe bu\u00fdt (Li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb)<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 ga xe bu\u00fdt li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, n\u1eb1m ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 ga xe l\u1eeda ch\u00ednh. C\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 450 xe bu\u00fdt m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Skopje v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m Istanbul, Sofia, Prague, Hamburg v\u00e0 Stockholm.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Skopje ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi xe bu\u00fdt do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 JSP Skopje (Javno Soobrakjajno Pretprijatie Skopje), m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948. Trong khi JSP m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Sloboda Prevoz v\u00e0 Mak Ekspres khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn, JSP v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt (kho\u1ea3ng 67 trong s\u1ed1 80 tuy\u1ebfn). M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 24 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 b\u1ed5 sung ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng xung quanh. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe JSP, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Skopje 2014, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn xe bu\u00fdt hai t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf do c\u00f4ng ty Trung Qu\u1ed1c Yutong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt AEC Routemaster c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Anh. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi xe bu\u00fdt nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn do nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u00e2y ra \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf Skopje \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1eeda ng\u00f5 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Skopje (SKP), n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Petrovec, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 20 km (12 d\u1eb7m) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf Skopje b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u00e2n bay, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Nam T\u01b0 Aeroput khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1929, ban \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Skopje v\u1edbi Belgrade. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn bay sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Thessaloniki, Athens, Bitola, Ni\u0161 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Vienna. H\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng JAT Yugoslav Airlines ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Nam T\u01b0 tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>TAV Airports Holding, m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u00e2n bay n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n chi ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ga m\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n sau n\u0103m 2008, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecbch COVID). S\u00e2n bay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Istanbul, Vienna, Z\u00fcrich, Rome, London v\u00e0 Brussels, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Athens, Bratislava, Oslo, Dubai v\u00e0 Doha, cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 du l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>Skopje, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Skopje bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201cSt. Kliment of Ohrid\u201d:<\/strong> Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Macedonia (MANU):<\/strong> C\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c gia:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c giao h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c gia:<\/strong> D\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c giao h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Opera v\u00e0 Ba l\u00ea Macedonia (MOB):<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera v\u00e0 ballet qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Brothers Miladinov l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Trung t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng tin v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ko\u010do Racin th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 tr\u1ebb. Skopje c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m Vi\u1ec7n Goethe (\u0110\u1ee9c), H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Anh (Anh), Alliance Fran\u00e7aise (Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 American Corner (Hoa K\u1ef3), n\u01a1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>Skopje c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhi\u1ec1u s\u1edf th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a B\u1eafc Macedonia:<\/strong> B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a B\u1eafc Macedonia cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Macedonia:<\/strong> B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Macedonia m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Skopje 2014) trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ottoman \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n xung quanh B\u1eafc Macedonia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c gia Macedonia:<\/strong> Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c gia Macedonia tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Macedonia t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong hai ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm h\u01a1i th\u1eddi Ottoman \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p (\u010cifte Hammam v\u00e0 Daut Pasha Hammam) t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee3 c\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/strong> B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Macedonia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Picasso, Calder, Vasarely, L\u00e9ger, Masson, Hartung, Soulages, Burri v\u00e0 Christo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Skopje:<\/strong> B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Skopje, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u0111au l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ga xe l\u1eeda c\u1ed5 (b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ngay khi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra), ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m M\u1eb9 Teresa:<\/strong> Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m M\u1eb9 Teresa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 g\u1ea7n Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m Ch\u00faa Jesus, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u00f4n vinh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia:<\/strong> B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Trung t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Holocaust d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Macedonia n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Macedonia:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa Skopje:<\/strong> Tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 12 ha, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 300 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n kh\u00e1c nhau. Univerzalna Sala, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a 1.570 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n 3.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Metropolis Arena ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Opera v\u00e0 Ba l\u00ea Macedonia (800 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i), Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Qu\u1ed1c gia (724 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i) v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t K\u1ecbch (333 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Albania v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Thanh ni\u00ean. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Philharmonic m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Skopje c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Jazz Skopje:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 10 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c jazz n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea1c jazz ch\u00e2u \u00c2u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb fusion \u0111\u1ebfn avant-garde. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m Ray Charles, Tito Puente, Youssou N&#039;Dour, Al Di Meola v\u00e0 Gotan Project.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c Blues v\u00e0 Soul:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00f9a h\u00e8 (\u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u1ea1c blues v\u00e0 soul. Larry Coryell, Mick Taylor, Candy Dulfer, The Temptations v\u00e0 Phil Guy \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 Skopje:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111a ng\u00e0nh l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c (c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i), opera, ballet, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, chi\u1ebfu phim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam<\/h3>\n<p>Skopje t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quang c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. S\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c dance \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c DJ n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 To\u0161e Proeski National Arena (s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1) v\u00e0 Boris Trajkovski Sports Center (s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u00e0).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, kafeanas (nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng\/qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trung ni\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Macedonia v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp Starogradska muzika (nh\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5) ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Balkan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c Serbia. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang h\u1ed3i sinh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 (\u010car\u0161ija) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng trong ch\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Macedonia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n ngon ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh di s\u1ea3n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ottoman c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>Di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac: C\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963), Skopje v\u1eabn c\u00f3 di s\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>Di t\u00edch th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p>Di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Tumba Mad\u017eari c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Scupi th\u1eddi La M\u00e3, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t, thermae v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o. C\u1ea7u d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc Skopje, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Scupi v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Ng\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, Byzantine v\u00e0 Ottoman, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 50 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo phong c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cloisonn\u00e9 (kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi g\u1ea1ch).<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trung c\u1ed5<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Skopje (Kale), n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn ra Vardar v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong khi ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb di s\u1ea3n th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xung quanh H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka (Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Nicholas, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Andrew, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Tu vi\u1ec7n Matka), \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Vardar, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13 v\u00e0 14. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint Panteleimon \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Gorno Nerezi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Byzantine. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u00dd v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ottoman<\/h3>\n<p>Skopje c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Ottoman l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 (Stara \u010car\u0161ija). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Ottoman. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf vu\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i v\u00f2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Mustafa Pasha, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Sultan Murad v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Yahya Pasha, c\u00f3 m\u00e1i h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p thay v\u00ec m\u00e1i v\u00f2m ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Isa Bey c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u200b\u200bv\u1edbi hai m\u00e1i v\u00f2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh b\u00ean. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Alad\u017ea (&#034;Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o s\u01a1n&#034;) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch faience m\u00e0u xanh lam, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i trong v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1689. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u00fcrbe (ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9) g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ottoman l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 (Saat Kula):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bedesten:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Ottoman.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd:<\/strong> Ba nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t (Kapan Han, Suli Han, Kur\u0161umli Han) cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 du kh\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm h\u01a1i:<\/strong> Hai nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Daut Pasha Hammam v\u00e0 \u010cifte Hammam), hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1 (Kamen Most):<\/strong> C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1 (Kamen Most) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Skopje n\u1ed1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Macedonia v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng La M\u00e3), h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ottoman (l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1469) d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sultan Mehmed II.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac H\u1eadu Ottoman v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p>Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ottoman v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u0103ng thi\u00ean (Sveti Spas) v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Dimitri (Sveti Dimitrija), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 sau v\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1689, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n trang l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Sveti Spas c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ottoman \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o xung quanh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, bao g\u1ed3m Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh Mary, m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ba gian \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd do ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Andrey Damyanov t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian sau cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1963, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c <strong>Trung t\u00e2m v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/strong> (khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt ch\u00ednh).<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c <strong>\u201cT\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh\u201d<\/strong> (T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh) c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i bao quanh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c <strong>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ss. Cyril v\u00e0 Methodius<\/strong> c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c <strong>Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Macedonia (MANU)<\/strong> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c <strong>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 cao t\u1ea7ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Karpo\u0161.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Skopje, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u00f3 quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i (Skopje 2014)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t Skopje 2014 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ea7ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo phong c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, baroque v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd bao g\u1ed3m B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, T\u00f2a \u00e1n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i, c\u1ed5ng kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n Porta Macedonia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ottoman v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n xem \u1edf Skopje<\/h2>\n<p>Skopje, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n cho s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Skopje, n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Balkan v\u00e0 tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Vardar, cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh co v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng vang Ottoman c\u1ee7a Stara \u010car\u0161ija (Ch\u1ee3 c\u1ed5) \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean b\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Centar (trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) \u1edf b\u00ean kia. Ngo\u00e0i trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ed5, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 quang c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 kho b\u00e1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn Skopje, bao g\u1ed3m Stara \u010car\u0161ija, Centar v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1ebd n\u00ean b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eeba c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>The Enduring Heart: Stara \u010car\u0161ija \u2013 Skopje&#8217;s Old Bazaar<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m Stara \u010car\u0161ija gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 c\u1ed5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Balkan, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Grand Bazaar c\u1ee7a Istanbul v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Skopje. Khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1edd \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Vardar v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Skopje, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ottoman, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con h\u1ebbm l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i quanh co qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, x\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm h\u01a1i Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kinh doanh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ngay b\u00ean kia C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h4>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c ph\u00eda tr\u00ean: Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Skopje (Kale)<\/h4>\n<p>Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Skopje, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kale, th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh quan th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Byzantine Justinian I v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Tauresium l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb Byzantine, Bulgaria, Serbia v\u00e0 Ottoman. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a th\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, bao quanh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ottoman, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n gia c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i b\u1ed9 l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh cung c\u1ea5p cho du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ra S\u00f4ng Vardar, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Stara \u010car\u0161ija v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Trong khi b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, th\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh canh im l\u1eb7ng, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y, chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Skopje. Khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h4>Ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ottoman: Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, Nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm h\u01a1i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd<\/h4>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Stara \u010car\u0161ija \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Ottoman phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p nh\u1ecdn ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi, v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac trong qu\u1eadn. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Mustafa Pasha, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Ottoman ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1492. Mustafa Pasha, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea5p cao d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Sultan Bayezid II v\u00e0 Selim I, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e1p m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u00ean nh\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n trong tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bia m\u1ed9 c\u1ed5, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Sultan Murad (ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1436 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tu nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n), g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Ottoman c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, hay hamam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ottoman. Stara \u010car\u0161ija c\u1ee7a Skopje tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm, v\u00e0 hai m\u1eabu v\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Daut Pasha Hamam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 b\u1edfi Grand Vizier c\u1ee7a Rumelia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm Ottoman, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eafn tung t\u00f3e v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eafm giao l\u01b0u, ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c gia B\u1eafc Macedonia, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Macedonia trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u010cifte Hamam (Ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm \u0111\u00f4i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1i v\u00f2m kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y b\u1ed5 sung cho Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c gia, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng hamam n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Ottoman \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ottoman ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh (hans) cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Stara \u010car\u0161ija bao g\u1ed3m ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: Kapan Han, Suli Han v\u00e0 Kur\u0161umli Han. Kapan Han, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi hai t\u1ea7ng m\u00e1i v\u00f2m, n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u00e2n trong tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n. Suli Han, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t Khoa Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Skopje v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ch\u1ee3 Skopje C\u0169, duy tr\u00ec di s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn. Kur\u0161umli Han (Lead Han) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo t\u1ea5m ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ec bao ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1i v\u00f2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nguy nga, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n trong y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp lapidarium c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Macedonia, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 im l\u1eb7ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng han n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a khu ch\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Balkan.<\/p>\n<h4>M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o: Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Savior (Sveti Spas)<\/h4>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Holy Saviour (Sveti Spas) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Skopje, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u1edf khu ph\u1ed1 Stara \u010car\u0161ija. Trong khi t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u0169 h\u01a1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p. Ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1819 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1824 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Mijak l\u00e0 Petre Filipovi\u0107 Garkata v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Marko v\u00e0 Makarie Fr\u010dkovski, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Balkans. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1nh, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gian gi\u1eefa v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 \u00f3c ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e9t, cao s\u00e1u m\u00e9t. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb Kinh th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 hoa, h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n dung t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o Ottoman \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u kho b\u00e1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong. Vi\u1ec7c tham quan Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd St. Saviour cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ottoman v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169, ch\u1ee9ng minh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho Skopje trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. S\u00e2n trong thanh b\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m quan t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Goce Del\u010dev, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Macedonia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u00fd ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h4>C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: C\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 (Kameni Most)<\/h4>\n<p>C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (Kameni Most) n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Stara \u010car\u0161ija c\u0169 v\u00e0 khu ph\u1ed1 Centar hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, u\u1ed1n cong nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng qua S\u00f4ng Vardar, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc qua; ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Skopje, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi La M\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ottoman, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1p canh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u00e1c \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110i b\u1ed9 qua C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Centar \u1edf b\u00ean kia. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Skopje giao thoa v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n<h3>Centar: Skopje&#8217;s Modern Face and Monumental Ambitions<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i qua C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e1 t\u1eeb Stara \u010car\u0161ija s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Centar, trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Skopje hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Qu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u201cSkopje 2014\u201d g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo phong c\u00e1ch T\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Baroque.<\/p>\n<h4>S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u l\u1edbn: Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Macedonia<\/h4>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Macedonia (Plo\u0161tad Makedonija) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf Centar, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Skopje 2014 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &#034;Chi\u1ebfn binh tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a&#034;, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh x\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tia n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Skopje 2014. \u0110\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Macedonia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u00eam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00eam giao th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n<h4>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia: Porta Macedonia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh<\/h4>\n<p>Porta Macedonia, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Macedonia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Skopje 2014. V\u00f2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Macedonia, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac T\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00f4n vinh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, b\u1ed5 sung cho t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 S\u00f4ng Vardar. Porta Macedonia, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Skopje 2014, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>Centar c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Skopje, n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Macedonia, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng VMRO v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng N\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Macedonia (VMRO) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ottoman, Chi\u1ebfn tranh Balkan, Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam T\u01b0, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u1ea3nh, v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1p c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Trung t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Holocaust d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Macedonia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. T\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i Khu ph\u1ed1 Do Th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0nh cho kho\u1ea3ng 7.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Macedonia (chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 98% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Do Th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng Treblinka v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1943 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Holocaust. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng Do Th\u00e1i Sephardic \u1edf Macedonia, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Holocaust v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 khoan dung. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m M\u1eb9 Teresa vinh danh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Skopje. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01a1i M\u1eb9 Teresa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009, c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Macedonia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Teresa t\u1eeb th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u1edf Skopje \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf Calcutta, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5m c\u00fang \u1edf t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm trong y\u00ean b\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, Centar c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Skopje 2014. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm, qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n bar hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Stara \u010car\u0161ija g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>Exploring Beyond the Center: Outer Skopje&#8217;s Treasures<\/h3>\n<p>Trong khi Stara \u010car\u0161ija v\u00e0 Centar c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Skopje l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean xung quanh. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4>Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh \u0111an xen: H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka<\/h4>\n<p>H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e1i xe ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam. S\u00f4ng Treska \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ebbm n\u00fai, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u00f4 l\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Matka, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim s\u0103n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp h\u1ebbm n\u00fai, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m cheo leo tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng \u1ea9n. Tu vi\u1ec7n St. Andrew, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1389 b\u1edfi Andrija\u0161, anh trai c\u1ee7a Vua Marko n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Byzantine mu\u1ed9n. C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 St. Nicholas Shishovski v\u00e0 Tu vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (Sveta Bogorodica), \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n qua h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p cho du kh\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu vi\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 gi\u1eefa v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. H\u1ebbm n\u00fai n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hang Vrelo, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, m\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 hai h\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Matka l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, leo n\u00fai, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n kayak, ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h4>To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1: N\u00fai Vodno v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 Thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7<\/h4>\n<p>N\u00fai Vodno, n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda nam Skopje, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i xanh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. C\u00e2y Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1p treo m\u1edbi \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c Middle Vodno. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cao 66 m\u00e9t (217 ft). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 2.000 n\u0103m Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o \u1edf Macedonia v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u1edf Skopje. S\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf ch\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, thung l\u0169ng S\u00f4ng Vardar v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai xung quanh. N\u00fai Vodno l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p leo n\u00fai quanh co qua c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 r\u1eebng, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h4>Ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: C\u1ea7u d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc Skopje<\/h4>\n<p>C\u1ea7u d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc Skopje ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Vizbegovo, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 55 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 tinh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Byzantine d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Justinian I v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Ottoman cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (hamam) c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Balkans. C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa Skopje<\/h4>\n<p>V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa Skopje, n\u1eb1m trong C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Gradski) g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1926, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bhi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed3ng th\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi du l\u1ecbch. V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian xanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2>Skopje: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Skopje l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Scupi c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Byzantine, Bulgaria, Serbia v\u00e0 Ottoman, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Nam T\u01b0 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua chinh ph\u1ee5c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong thung l\u0169ng Vardar, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ee9c tranh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Balkan. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1963 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb, trong khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Skopje 2014 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u00fd ngh\u0129a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p>Skopje hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 hammam Ottoman n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu ch\u1ee3 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm thanh l\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong khi v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Skopje, trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c Balkan.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Skopje, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Macedonia, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 526.502 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2021. N\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Skopje, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Scupi, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Dardania c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4229,"parent":12305,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12321","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12321"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12321\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}