Crimea, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00f4 ra tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n xanh bi\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Azov, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 mong manh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Ukraine t\u1ea1i Eo \u0111\u1ea5t Perekop ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014v\u1eeba bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1eeba g\u1eafn b\u00f3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00c2u \u00c1. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ukraine. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 2,4 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh Sevastopol, Crimea t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh: Hy L\u1ea1p, La M\u00e3, Byzantine, Genova, Ottoman, Tatar, Nga v\u00e0 Ukraina.<\/p>\n
Crimea bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 27.000 km\u00b2\u2014m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb eo \u0111\u1ea5t Perekop r\u1ed9ng 5\u20137 km \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, C\u1ea7u Crimea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2018\u20132019) hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi Krasnodar Krai \u1edf Nga, cong qua eo bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 Syvash quanh co\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "Bi\u1ec3n th\u1ed1i" v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o n\u1edf hoa theo m\u00f9a\u2014\u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa Crimea v\u00e0 T\u1ec9nh Kherson. \u1ede s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o, Arabat Spit\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i c\u00e1t h\u1eb9p\u2014ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh Bi\u1ec3n Azov, c\u00e1c c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim di c\u01b0. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en m\u1edf ra v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Romania, trong khi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn ra v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong xanh c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Anatolian g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n
T\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tauric, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Crimea c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 Hy L\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Polis\u2014Chersonesus \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam v\u00e0 Panticapaeum t\u1ea1i Kerch. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Byzantine, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi du m\u1ee5c th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean lang thang \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda sau. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Genova, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1\u2014Sougdia (Sudak), Kaffa (Feodosia) v\u00e0 Cembalo (Balaklava)\u2014cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ottoman v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1475 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean \u00c1-\u00c2u, Kim Tr\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c Krym v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15\u2014m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ottoman. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Ba Lan-Litva v\u00e0 Muscovite, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Chi\u1ebfn tranh Nga-Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1768\u20131774 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m khi Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1783 b\u1edfi Catherine \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho Chi\u1ebfn tranh Krym n\u0103m 1854\u20131856, khi Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ottoman v\u00e0 Sardinia th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 1917 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecf tho\u00e1ng qua tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolshevik th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft T\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Crimea trong C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Li\u00ean bang Nga. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Crimea t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1941 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1944, khi Stalin ra l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar \u1edf Crimea\u2014m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c thanh tr\u1eebng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t oblast v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft Ukraine v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ukraine v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a T\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Crimea, trong khi hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n chia n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nga t\u1ea1i Sevastopol. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2014, khi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Crimea th\u00e0nh ba v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 c\u1ee7a Crimea, eo \u0111\u1ea5t Perekop\u2014hay Qapi theo ti\u1ebfng Turkic\u2014thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 7 km. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, eo \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay mang theo K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o B\u1eafc Crimea, d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Dnieper v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, V\u1ecbnh Karkinit chia c\u1eaft B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tarkhankut kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc l\u00e0 Chernomorskoe (Kalos Limen c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i), trong khi \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, V\u1ecbnh Donuzlav r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9a Yevpatoria (G\u00f6zleve), b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Hy L\u1ea1p ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Sevastopol\u2014Chersonesus \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 neo \u0111\u1eadu H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en c\u1ee7a Nga trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Inkermann, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ecbnh, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1854, v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Heracles nh\u00f4 ra bi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh canh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 90 km. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Balaklava\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Symbalon, sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Cembalo\u2014v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i qua Foros \u1edf c\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00f3ng v\u1ed7 \u1ea7m \u1ea7m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1. Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Vorontsov c\u1ee7a Alupka l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Gothic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed theo phong c\u00e1ch Moorish gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Gaspra v\u00e0 Gurzuf xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m \u00f4 liu v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y nho. Yalta, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n spa huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n s\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng, trong khi Alushta th\u00ec th\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y sung v\u00e0 l\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Genoa c\u00f3 r\u0103ng c\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Sudak n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3n xanh bi\u1ebfc. Feodosia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 Kaffa v\u00e0 Theodosia, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Genoa v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ottoman, c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm Ottoman v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. \u1ede m\u0169i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Kerch\u2014Panticapaeum c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Bosporan, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 kurgan Scythia n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p. C\u1ea7u Crimean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, chia \u0111\u00f4i eo bi\u1ec3n Kerch, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
V\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Azov c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n: \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 v\u00e0 Arabat Spit m\u1ecfng manh\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i 112 km. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Shchaslyvtseve v\u00e0 Strilkove b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch m\u00f9a h\u00e8 c\u00e2u c\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1ecf s\u00f2. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 Syvash, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eafp cao n\u1ed1i m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Kherson Oblast, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Crimea v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ukraine.<\/p>\n
Trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai Crimean, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1eadp trung: Mangup (Doros) cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e1 Byzantine; Bakhchysarai, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1532 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1783, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c Crimea, Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Khan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac baroque Ottoman\u2014n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u00f9m c\u00e2y \u00f3c ch\u00f3. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i b\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Chufut-Kale, Qirq Or trong ti\u1ebfng Tatar Crimea, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Byzantine, Tatar v\u00e0 Karaite. Tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc l\u00e0 Simferopol hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Bilohorsk (Karasu-Bazar) v\u00e0 Solkhat th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 (Staryi Krym), m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ee3, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng \u1edf Crimea tuy khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: Salhyr u\u1ed1n kh\u00fac v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Azov, Alma ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en gi\u1eefa Yevpatoria v\u00e0 Sevastopol, v\u00e0 Chornaya ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng V\u1ecbnh Sevastopol. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh: \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n; c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba sang \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i; b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u00f4n h\u00f2a. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho, v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecd cam qu\u00fdt v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa h\u1ed3ng, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eebng t\u00f4n th\u1edd Artemis tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh M\u0169i Fiolent.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc\u2014c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng hoa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00faa m\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3\u2014khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Yevpatoria, Sevastopol, Feodosia v\u00e0 Kerch. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1, nu\u00f4i h\u00e0u v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc trai, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ven bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u1edf Dzhankoi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u1edf Krasnoperekopsk v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2014, du l\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong GDP; l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 6,1 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n
M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Crimea k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Crimea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2014Vorontsov t\u1ea1i Alupka, Livadia g\u1ea7n Yalta\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean Crimea th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ca ng\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh, su\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f9n tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. Artek, tr\u1ea1i Thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n phong huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Hurzuf, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp Kh\u1ed1i ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, Crimea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t ly\u2014t\u1eafm n\u1eafng, du thuy\u1ec1n, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, du kh\u00e1ch v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3nh quan n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\u2014v\u01b0\u1eddn nho t\u1ea1i Massandra, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng hoa o\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n Alushta v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean quanh Dzhankoi\u2014thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng du l\u1ecbch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c pha tr\u1ed9n cheburek c\u1ee7a Tatar, borscht c\u1ee7a Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i Crimea, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa, Crimea v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi K\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o B\u1eafc Crimea \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Dnieper, g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh, trong khi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng du l\u1ecbch. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n: c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n xin Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n
Crimea t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129, nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn nho xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1edd k\u00e8 ng\u1eadp n\u1eafng l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00fai non, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi du kh\u00e1ch b\u0103ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1eddn nho ng\u1eadp n\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau\u2014m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Cho d\u00f9 qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 hay b\u00edm t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Crimea v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Crimea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 2,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00ec Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n Azov nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao quanh n\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Sevastopol.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4403,"parent":11976,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12062","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12062\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}