Nga t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd ba ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. Tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Baltic \u1edf 19\u00b0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00eca Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf 169\u00b0 T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa 41\u00b0 v\u00e0 82\u00b0 B\u1eafc, Li\u00ean bang Nga bao ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi 146,0 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00fai gi\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng; m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Moscow th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c -71,2 \u00b0C t\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Sakha.<\/p>\n
B\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nga - nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, nh\u00e0 g\u1ed7 th\u00f4n d\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi - b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 h\u1ea1, khi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf th\u1ee3 s\u0103n h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m b\u0103ng qua c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slav ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus\u2032, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Dnieper. N\u0103m 988, \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i sang Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Byzantine, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nga. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus\u2032 do c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ganh \u0111ua n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Muscovy, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moscow. N\u0103m 1547, Ivan IV l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Sa ho\u00e0ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho Sa ho\u00e0ng Nga.<\/p>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Peter \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb, Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u00c2u \u00c1, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1eeb Baltic \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII. \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua chinh ph\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. N\u00fai non v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Saint Petersburg\u2014\u201cc\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn ra ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u201d c\u1ee7a Peter\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng Hai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf Romanov v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a SFSR tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho Li\u00ean bang C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 SFSR c\u1ee7a Nga n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Stalin, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m n\u0103m ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, thanh tr\u1eebng v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to l\u1edbn \u1edf M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Sputnik v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Yuri Gagarin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tham v\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1991, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tan r\u00e3; Li\u00ean bang Nga t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi SFSR v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean bang. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eadu X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Vladimir Putin l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, Nga \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf Georgia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 \u1edf Ukraine k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ukraine, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, tranh c\u00e3i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00e1m r\u1ec5 trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Slavic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00ean Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Turgenev\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014Tchaikovsky, Stravinsky\u2014\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam cho kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u; c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n ba l\u00ea c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh ti\u00ean phong.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u00edn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00fai ch\u00ednh. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, d\u00e3y n\u00fai Kavkaz v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh Elbrus \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 5.642 m, \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Altai v\u00e0 Sayan c\u1ee7a Siberia, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Kamchatka, bao g\u1ed3m Klyuchevskaya Sopka \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4.750 m, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. D\u00e3y n\u00fai Ural - gi\u00e0u qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd - t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ranh gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 29 m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng Caspi, trong khi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn Nga tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong ba qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef h\u01a1n 37.653 km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i nh\u01b0 Wrangel v\u00e0 Franz Josef Land \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u00e1c \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, trong khi Sakhalin v\u00e0 Kuril \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ranh gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 do Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Nga c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100.000 con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ed3 Baikal, s\u00e2u 1.642 m, l\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ladoga v\u00e0 Onega, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. S\u00f4ng Volga, "S\u00f4ng M\u1eb9", ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc bi\u1ec3n Caspi, trong khi Ob, Yenisey, Lena v\u00e0 Amur ch\u1ea3y qua Siberia v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a x\u00e0 lan nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y. Siberia ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1eadn B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng n\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng n\u1edf r\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh nguy\u00ean B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c; b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en xung quanh Sochi c\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i; nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi hi\u1ebfm hoi th\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Caspi v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai ph\u00eda nam Siberia; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Kaliningrad v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo bi\u1ec3n Baltic. M\u1ed9t m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i \u0111\u00f3ng khung hai m\u00f9a ch\u00ednh, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, l\u00e0m tan l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, li\u00ean bang bao g\u1ed3m 83 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean bang: 46 oblast, 21 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, ch\u00edn krais, b\u1ed1n okrug t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oblast t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. Mi\u1ec1n Trung n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 Moscow v\u00e0 oblast v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Yaroslavl v\u00e0 Vladimir v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00f9ng Chernozem \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Moscow\u2014Kursk, Voronezh\u2014v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i. T\u00e2y B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo gi\u1eef b\u1edfi Saint Petersburg, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec3n Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng Karelia. \u1ede ph\u00eda nam, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Kavkaz th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1. V\u00f9ng Volga nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n Tatar \u1edf Kazan v\u00e0 Samara, trong khi Urals, Siberia v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, r\u1eebng v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ngang nhau.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf Nga ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng theo v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Moscow \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng con ph\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sa ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch Li\u00ean X\u00f4. T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m Moscow - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed xa hoa - v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Saint Petersburg, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Peter \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eafng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Kazan h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1p nh\u1ecdn, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nga. Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg v\u00e0 Vladivostok l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng, trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga. \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Volgograd g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Stalingrad; b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Sochi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o Olympic v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014; Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Kizhi tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c tr\u00ean H\u1ed3 Onega.<\/p>\n
Du l\u1ecbch, t\u1eebng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m do \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch. N\u0103m 2019, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Nga \u0111\u1ea1t 24,4 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 4,8 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0o GDP. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecf, Hermitage v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Tretyakov thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a V\u00e0nh \u0111ai V\u00e0ng\u2014Suzdal, Rostov, Vladimir\u2014mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft xuy\u00ean Siberia m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng du kh\u00e1ch gan d\u1ea1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 9.000 km gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun v\u00e0 g\u1ea5u \u1edf Kamchatka, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Baikal, ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Solovetsky v\u00e0 R\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh Komi v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 lan s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay b\u1ee5i. Danh s\u00e1ch 32 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nga ch\u1ee9ng minh cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y\u2014nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, Nga \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 1,41 ca sinh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat hai ph\u1ea7n ba c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e3y Ural. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 41,9 tu\u1ed5i khi\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 di c\u01b0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1eeb Moscow \u0111\u1ebfn Magadan.<\/p>\n
\u1ea8m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch \u0111en v\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng duy tr\u00ec m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1; s\u00fap\u2014shchi, borsch, ukha\u2014k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ecbt, rau c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kem chua \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p. Blini, pirozhki v\u00e0 syrniki l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edd u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0. Pelmeni v\u00e0 golubtsy s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 Stroganoff v\u00e0 G\u00e0 Kiev mang n\u00e9t qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, trong khi shashlyk l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i. Kvass, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng l\u00ean men c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, gi\u1ea3i c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt nh\u1eb9; vodka, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bth\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ngay c\u1ea3 khi bia v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\u1ede qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n baroque c\u1ee7a Catherines v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o khung cho c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 m\u1edbi. Ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sa ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f2a l\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ukraine, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1edf x\u00e0 lan v\u00e0 t\u00e0u h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch theo c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00fai gi\u1edd m\u1edf ra theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Belgorod v\u00e0 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Nga kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hay ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 GDP danh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o ch\u00ed b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 song b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 trong \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a G20, BRICS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Li\u00ean minh kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i v\u00e0 n\u00fai non - v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Nga. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean r\u1ef1c n\u1eafng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean: v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p, n\u01a1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp theo trong bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 bao la m\u00e0 n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Li\u00ean bang Nga, l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, bao g\u1ed3m \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc \u00c1. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 146 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, Nga \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00fai gi\u1edd v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia, qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00f4 song.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4357,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11976","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11976"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11976\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}