Iceland, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 380.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 103.000 km2. N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Greenland v\u00e0 Na Uy, tr\u00ean R\u1eb7ng n\u00fai Trung \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bt\u1ea1o B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00c1-\u00c2u tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t ra xa nhau, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ef1c t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Reykjav\u00edk, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u0103ng h\u00e0, n\u01a1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
R\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng nham th\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba y, sa m\u1ea1c tro b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng xa xa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda ph\u1ee7 tuy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba - b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng tan ch\u1ea3y - len l\u1ecfi qua c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai bazan, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc phun, v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, r\u00edt l\u00ean v\u00e0 phun tr\u00e0o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, kh\u1ed1i b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Vatnaj\u00f6kull nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 J\u00f6kuls\u00e1rl\u00f3n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u0103ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t ra bi\u1ec3n, l\u00f5i coban c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda. C\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh h\u1eb9p \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5, che ch\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Iceland \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1edfi D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n Scandinavia, v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 theo v\u00f9ng. Ph\u00eda nam ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 gi\u1eadt tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n; ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4, trong v\u1eaft; v\u00e0 Cao nguy\u00ean trung t\u00e2m - c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i, cao, kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t - v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u00edt ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ing\u00f3lfr Arnarson v\u00e0o n\u0103m 874 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh g\u1ed1c Na Uy, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Reykjav\u00edk. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 B\u1eafc \u00c2u theo sau, mang theo nh\u1eefng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Gaelic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 930 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Althing t\u1ea1i \u00deingvellir\u2014m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Iceland b\u1ecb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n Na Uy v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua Li\u00ean minh Kalmar v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb xa.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Luther th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Copenhagen. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u00e2m \u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi Khai s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Iceland gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1918 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Li\u00ean minh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. N\u0103m 1944, khi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Iceland \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Iceland. \u0110\u00e1nh c\u00e1, ch\u0103n c\u1eebu v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong Khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Iceland ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo phong c\u00e1ch B\u1eafc \u00c2u. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5p, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho NATO v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, Iceland v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i b\u1edfi Mid-Atlantic Ridge, n\u01a1i magma n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 2014 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi B\u00e1r\u00f0arbunga c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo d\u1ea3i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n, Cao nguy\u00ean v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 xa c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m.<\/p>\n
V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn Reykjav\u00edk bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Akureyri \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 Reykjanesb\u00e6r g\u1ea7n s\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. N\u0103m 2003, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn Iceland tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn khai th\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u0103ng h\u00e0, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t ng\u1ea7m. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng. Ba c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia\u2014\u00deingvellir, Sn\u00e6fellsj\u00f6kull v\u00e0 Vatnaj\u00f6kull\u2014b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3ng khung cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai bao quanh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eafc qua c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i l\u1ea1i quanh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n xa x\u00f4i, trong khi c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay t\u1ea1i Keflav\u00edk, Reykjav\u00edk, Akureyri v\u00e0 Egilssta\u00f0ir cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Iceland ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Iceland, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. C\u00e1c saga, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Na Uy c\u1ed5, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n
Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0103n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u1eefa nh\u01b0 skyr v\u00e0 rau theo m\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n nh\u01b0 h\u00e1karl (c\u00e1 m\u1eadp l\u00ean men) v\u00e0 sl\u00e1tur (b\u00e1nh pudding ti\u1ebft), trong khi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 brenniv\u00edn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1edf th\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n quen thu\u1ed9c, Iceland b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Westfjords l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng. Sn\u00e6fellsnes, v\u1edbi n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh b\u0103ng h\u00e0, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian. \u1ede H\u00fasav\u00edk, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 voi ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a V\u1ecbnh Skj\u00e1lfandi, trong khi s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c ryolit c\u1ee7a Landmannalaugar \u0111\u00f3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u1eabn xa c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Trong su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Iceland \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng sang \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u2014\u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00ean n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Iceland, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1eafc \u00c2u n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean R\u1eb7ng n\u00fai Trung \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 380.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1eeda k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u1edbi quang c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5053,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11881","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11881"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11881\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}