Florence l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Tuscan \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 362.353 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong ranh gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 989.460 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025. N\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Careggi, Fiesole, Settignano, Arcetri, Poggio Imperiale v\u00e0 Bellosguardo, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 4.800 km vu\u00f4ng. Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i b\u1edfi S\u00f4ng Arno, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u v\u1eeba \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Florence b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, khi, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1200, kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n t\u1eadp trung trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1300, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00ean 120.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi 300.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf contado xung quanh. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng florin v\u00e0ng Florentine c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Bruges \u0111\u1ebfn Lyon v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng gia. Trong l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Dante Alighieri, Petrarch v\u00e0 Giovanni Boccaccio \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuscan nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ti\u1ebfng \u00dd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m, Florence n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Filippo Brunelleschi \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1i v\u00f2m g\u1ea1ch r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Santa Maria del Fiore, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00e1i v\u00f2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3. Leon Battista Alberti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Rome, London v\u00e0 Paris. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Medici, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Lorenzo de' Medici, c\u00e1c cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Savonarola v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng l\u1edd m\u1edd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Florence - t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Medici, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a - \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd m\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bn\u0103m 1865 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1871. Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Florence v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed h\u00f3a b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Petrarch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Francesco Guicciardini.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. N\u0103m 1982, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn Trung t\u00e2m L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Florence l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Hai b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Uffizi v\u00e0 Palazzo Pitti, neo gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng nhau thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. N\u0103m 2010, Forbes x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng Florence l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u0169ng mang theo g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang. T\u1eeb m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 xung quanh Piazza del Duomo v\u00e0 Ponte Vecchio. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 t\u1eeb du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1t 2,5 t\u1ef7 euro. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng du kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, m\u00f3c t\u00fai \u1edf Ponte Vecchio v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 San Lorenzo, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c coi nh\u1eb9 di s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c tour du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng xe bu\u00fdt, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Tuscan trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0103n, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed phun n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, Florence v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00dd theo thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, h\u00e0ng cao su, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 da, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y tinh, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 kim lo\u1ea1i tinh x\u1ea3o. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng "N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd th\u1ee9 ba" c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn Florence\u2013Prato\u2013Pistoia v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, t\u1eeb xe m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trang, c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
Trong qu\u00fd IV n\u0103m 2015, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng 2,4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng 7,2 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, th\u1eddi trang, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u0103ng 48,8 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i thu\u1ebf tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh 120.000 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1500 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1650. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t 370.702 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi 696.767 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m Florence, Prato v\u00e0 Pistoia, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia: n\u0103m 2007, tr\u1ebb v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfm 14,1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u chi\u1ebfm 25,95 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00dd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 18,06 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 19,94 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Florence l\u00e0 49, so v\u1edbi 42 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u1edbi 87,46 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2009. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n sinh ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Romania v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Albania t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, trong khi kho\u1ea3ng 6.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u2014v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u1eeb Philippines, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi\u2014g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Florence. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 30.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c 8 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016.<\/p>\n
Florence c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 bao b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, trong khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eabn m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a r\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh; c\u00e1c c\u01a1n b\u00e3o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 l\u00e0 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u. Tuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m 42,6 \u00b0C ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1983 v\u00e0 \u221223,2 \u00b0C cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1985.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Florence. D\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Arno l\u00e0 Mugnone, Ema v\u00e0 Greve, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c La M\u00e3, t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a centro storico. M\u00e1i v\u00f2m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung c\u1ee7a Duomo th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, hai b\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Giotto v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc Palazzo Vecchio, \u0110\u00e0i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc Neptune c\u1ee7a Bartolomeo Ammannati \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Arno, Palazzo Pitti v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn Boboli li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 m\u1edf ra s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn Baroque v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Uffizi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Medici, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Raphael, Titian v\u00e0 Caravaggio, trong khi Accademia b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n David c\u1ee7a Michelangelo.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. Ponte Vecchio, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1300 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Etruscan, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc theo nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh lang tr\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a Vasari n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Uffizi v\u00e0 Pitti. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Florentine c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Santa Trinita, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00e1i v\u00f2m ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh l\u1ecbch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Santa Croce, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Vinh quang c\u1ee7a \u00dd\u201d, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Michelangelo, Galileo v\u00e0 Machiavelli. Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Medici c\u1ee7a San Lorenzo c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i tang l\u1ec5 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Michelangelo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Brunelleschian v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Santa Maria Novella v\u00e0 Santo Spirito ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Gothic v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n
Di s\u1ea3n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Florence tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Teatro della Pergola\u2014nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t opera \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00dd, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn R\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim Odeon, kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1920 b\u00ean trong Palazzo dello Strozzino. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 Calcio Fiorentino l\u1eebng danh l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Santa Croce.<\/p>\n
Giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2021, Autolinee Toscane v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi xe bu\u00fdt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y do ATAF & Li-nea \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Tramvia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ga Santa Maria Novella v\u1edbi Scandicci v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i s\u00e2n bay v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Careggi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 59 ph\u00fat, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd l\u00e0 14 ph\u00fat t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng; c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trung b\u00ecnh d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 4,1 km.<\/p>\n
Ga xe l\u1eeda Firenze Santa Maria Novella, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Giovanni Michelucci, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 59 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ga n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00fat giao cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn Rome, Milan v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0u ng\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn Munich v\u00e0 Vienna. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2028, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ga cao t\u1ed1c m\u1edbi\u2014Firenze Belfiore\u2014do Foster + Partners thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho nh\u00e0 ga l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n
R\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c b\u1ed5 sung cho s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Chianti Classico, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y nho Sangiovese cho ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Chianti Rufina v\u00e0 Carmignano cho ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng nho \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Bolgheri \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u pha tr\u1ed9n \u201cSi\u00eau Tuscan\u201d nh\u01b0 Sassicaia. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi Florence, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Tuscan, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a opera v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Columbus, Florence \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh quan th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1eeb Barcelona \u0111\u1ebfn St. Petersburg. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Dante vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Florence hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u1eddi trang d\u1ecdc theo Via de' Tornabuoni duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn th\u1eddi trang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i khu ph\u1ed1 Oltrarno v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh da, gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh, Florence kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i t\u0129nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n m\u1edf ra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Florence, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Tuscany c\u1ee7a \u00dd, l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Tuscany, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 360.930 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2023, trong khi khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 984.991 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Florence d\u1ecdc theo S\u00f4ng Arno \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n La M\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2801,"parent":11663,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11824","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11824"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11824\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}