Siena, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh c\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung Tuscany, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 209 km vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 322 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t s\u00e1u thung l\u0169ng xung quanh. V\u1edbi 52.991 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong khu v\u1ef1c. N\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Arbia v\u00e0 Merse \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i Chianti \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Siena hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tham v\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u00f3p nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n \u00dd.<\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Siena nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Etruscan, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung c\u1ed5, v\u1eadn may c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi k\u1ebft tinh. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng then ch\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c kho b\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lombard v\u00e0 Liguria. N\u0103m 1472, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Monte dei Paschi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Palazzo Salimbeni theo ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Gothic, v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ee7y th\u00e1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Siena.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Studium Senese, sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Siena, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1240. Ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u1ea3 c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Siena nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Siena ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u0103m 1861, x\u00e3 c\u00f3 32.108 linh h\u1ed3n; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 65.634, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n 52.800 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 theo sau, t\u1ea1o ra 53.062 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 52.991. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Siena. Duccio di Buoninsegna, Simone Martini, Ambrogio v\u00e0 Pietro Lorenzetti, v\u00e0 Sassetta n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 tranh gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u2014gi\u00e0u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, du kh\u00e1ch v\u1eabn b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: t\u1eeb Maest\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Duccio trong Museo dell'Opera \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ambrogio Lorenzetti tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Palazzo Pubblico.<\/p>\n
Trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n. Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Piazza del Campo h\u00ecnh v\u1ecf s\u00f2 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Palazzo Pubblico, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 cong h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0, hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua ng\u1ef1a Palio n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ua ng\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111ua giao nhau gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Siena\u2014Duomo di Siena\u2014l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa phong c\u00e1ch Romanesque v\u00e0 Gothic c\u1ee7a \u00dd. M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1380, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111en xanh xen k\u1ebd, trong khi hai tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee1 song song d\u1eabn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 hoa h\u1ed3ng tinh x\u1ea3o. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gian ngang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n trong th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111en, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i hai b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u1ee5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Facciatone. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u thang b\u00ean trong b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1edf ra b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean trong, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nicola Pisano, c\u00f3 b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau kinh th\u00e1nh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. L\u00e1t g\u1ea1ch kh\u1ea3m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ed t\u00edch trong c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch si\u00eau nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Ghirlandaio v\u00e0 Pinturicchio trang tr\u00ed Ph\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Piccolomini, trong khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt \u1edf ph\u00f2ng r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i ng\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch Romanesque. M\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc\u2014Donatello, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Jacopo della Quercia\u2014\u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Duomo.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Maest\u00e0 (1308\u201311) c\u1ee7a Duccio v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Siena. L\u00ean Facciatone li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quang c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng Torre del Mangia tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Palazzo Pubblico. T\u00f2a th\u00e1p d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1348, cao 102 m\u00e9t; t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, "Mangiaguadagni" h\u00e1u \u0103n. B\u00ean trong Palazzo, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Lorenzetti v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed1t v\u00e0 X\u1ea5u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u00f5i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Siena v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng dell'Osservanza, San Domenico v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Catherine, San Francesco v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Santa Caterina\u2014k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh\u2014th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9\u2014San Giacinto, San Martino, Santi Niccol\u00f2 e Lucia\u2014m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00edch h\u1ecda v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc. Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Do Th\u00e1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u0103m 2009, 919 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd 10.755 km\u00b2 \u0111\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 6.954 km\u00b2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Siena. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn nho thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng nho Chianti v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00f4 liu cho ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 oleic h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00edt \u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t panforte, ricciarelli v\u00e0 cavallucci v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp Gi\u00e1ng sinh, v\u00e0 pane co' santi v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 C\u00e1c Linh h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
Trong khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, Vi\u1ec7n Centenary Sieroterapico Achille Sclavo, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y do Novartis Vaccines \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang GlaxoSmithKline v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Siena, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 b\u1ed5 sung cho du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111an xen t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i Medicean, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea1c Jazz Siena, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u1ea1c s\u0129 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Orto Botanico c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i lai, c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eadc thang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn b\u00e1ch th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1ng. \u1ede via di Citt\u00e0, Palazzo Chigi-Saracini theo phong c\u00e1ch Gothic l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c Chigiana, m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb Toscanini \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 piano \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Siena ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c Autostrada del Sole n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u1edbi Florence v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam v\u1edbi Bettolle, trong khi Via Cassia\u2014tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n La M\u00e3\u2014ch\u1ea1y qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Rome. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Siena v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u bang 223 v\u00e0 73 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe c\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ch\u00fang l\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng si\u00eau t\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, do Autolinee Toscane \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp khu ph\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i vi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n: m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Chiusi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, trong khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn Empoli v\u00e0 Florence n\u1ed1i Siena v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Tuscany. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Siena-Monte Antico-Grosseto m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Tyrrhenian. Du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u00e2n bay Siena-Ampugnano, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng chung t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean Regia Aeronautica, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 phi c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc Giuseppe Cenni.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf Siena tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 823 mm, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 6,4 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 v\u00e0 24,4 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t 39,6 \u00b0C v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2017; trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 34 \u00b0C, mang l\u1ea1i cho gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed7i vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 trong centro storico c\u1ee7a Siena d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm k\u00fd \u1ee9c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00eau phong c\u1ee7a Fonte Gaia\u2014b\u1ea3n sao n\u0103m 1858 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Jacopo della Quercia\u2014cho \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1 c\u1edd contra ph\u1ea5p ph\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Palio, nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn h\u00f2a nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ai leo l\u00ean Torre del Mangia ho\u1eb7c \u0111i quanh co qua nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Etruscan, trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Siena n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7. \u1ede m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ecdi con ph\u1ed1, ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn Siena kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u00dd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Siena, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Tuscany, \u00dd, l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh c\u00f9ng t\u00ean. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 53.062 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 12 trong khu v\u1ef1c. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 n\u00e0y, gi\u00e0u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00dd trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2923,"parent":11663,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11757","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11757\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}