\u00dd, n\u1eb1m \u1edf Nam v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n 60 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u1ee7ng n\u00e0y nh\u00f4 ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi d\u00e3y Alps h\u00f9ng v\u0129 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o, bao g\u1ed3m Sicily v\u00e0 Sardinia. \u00dd, bao g\u1ed3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 301.340 km2, l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, \u00c1o v\u00e0 Slovenia, v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vatican v\u00e0 San Marino. Rome, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, minh h\u1ecda cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Milan, Naples, Turin, Florence v\u00e0 Venice, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh quan ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd.<\/p>\n
B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khai sinh ra n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Rome, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, Rome n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho \u00dd. B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c German, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11, \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, khi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u00dd \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u00dd, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 v\u00e0 16. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, nh\u01b0 Christopher Columbus v\u00e0 Amerigo Vespucci, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00dd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00ec t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18, trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Risorgimento, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, do Giuseppe Garibaldi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00dd m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di c\u01b0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00dd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u00dd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1915 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1918, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tham gia v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung t\u00e2m. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ph\u00e1t x\u00edt d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Benito Mussolini v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1922. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00dd v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a phe Tr\u1ee5c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1940 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1943. Sau khi Mussolini qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed3ng minh trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00dd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00dd t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1943 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00dd. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1946. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do chi\u1ebfn tranh g\u00e2y ra, \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u kinh t\u1ebf \u00dd". Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kinh t\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu GDP danh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao. \u00dd, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m NATO, G7 v\u00e0 G20, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dd, n\u1eb1m \u1edf Nam v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n 60 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u1ee7ng n\u00e0y nh\u00f4 ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi d\u00e3y Alps h\u00f9ng v\u0129 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o, bao g\u1ed3m Sicily v\u00e0 Sardinia. \u00dd, bao g\u1ed3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 301.340 km2, l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, \u00c1o v\u00e0 Slovenia, v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vatican v\u00e0 San Marino. Rome, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, minh h\u1ecda cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Milan, Naples, Turin, Florence v\u00e0 Venice, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh quan ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2856,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11663","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}