Located amid pine forests and cascading streams, Soğuksu National Park offers a refreshing counterpoint to the Anatolian steppes. Established in 1959, this park lies about 78 km north of Ankara in the district of Kızılcahamam. From its rugged hills to thermal springs and petrified wood, Soğuksu boasts a blend of history and nature. It is a verdant refuge where dark-green Scots pine and larch groves interlace with broadleaf oaks, and where the echoes of Atatürk’s 1934 visit still linger under an honored pine.

An Introduction to Soğuksu National Park: More Than Just a Forest

Soğuksu National Park has a striking geography. It sits at a transition zone between the rainy Black Sea region to the north and the dry Central Anatolian steppe to the south. In practice this means the park’s northern slopes catch more moisture, feeding verdant valleys, while the southern reaches are drier and more steppe-like. Within its 1,187 hectares (2,930 acres) you will find steep, rounded hills (Tolubelen Hill reaches 1,776 m), intersecting valleys and meadows, all threaded by seasonal creeks. Streams such as Batılganın Creek and Küçük Soğuksu Creek carve the land, though they shrink in summer heat. The bedrock is volcanic: andesite, basalt, tuff and agglomerate underlie the forests, and ancient volcanic activity even created a preserved petrified forest of stone wood in the park’s north.

Despite its wild feel, Soğuksu is a park of easy access. A modern road leads almost to the entrance, and the wilderness areas themselves are partly managed: roughly one-third of the park is open for visitors (with trails and facilities), while the rest is protected core habitat. At the heart of the park lies an information center and picnic area surrounded by towering trees, as well as two small restaurants and a kiosk for supplies. Beyond these, park staff have installed campsites with tables, grills, and restrooms. A major facility is the Cam Thermal Resort & Spa – a 300-bed hotel inside the park that uses the local hot spring – so visitors can combine outdoor adventure with a warm bath. Off the main loop trail (a full circuit is about 16 km), hidden spots like Atatürk’s Pine Tree memorial remind guests of the park’s human history. In July 1934, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk famously rested under a stately pine here, and that tree is now a living monument with an annual July 18th commemoration.

The Rich History and Geological Significance of Soğuksu

From Ancient Times to National Park Status

Soğuksu’s forests and springs have long been known, but it became protected only in the modern era. The region was used by local villagers and shepherds for generations, and the thermal waters of Kızılcahamam have enjoyed a reputation for healing dating back to Roman and Ottoman times. After the Turkish Republic was founded, planners recognized the natural value of this forested highland near the capital. On February 19, 1959, Soğuksu was officially declared a national park. Since then its boundaries expanded from the original 1,050 hectares to about 1,187 ha by 1979.

In the park itself, traces of history appear as monuments and lore. The “Atatürk’s Pine” is one of the best-known: a giant pine where Atatürk rested during a 1934 camping trip. That visit cemented the park’s status as a national treasure. Today that spot is marked with a plaque and informal trail. Other hints of the past lie just outside the park: in the nearby Kızılcahamam district are ancient ruins and traditional villages. For example, the nearby village of Mahkemeağcin contains an underground city with Byzantine-era rock churches. Not far away are the Abacı Fairy Chimneys – mushroom-shaped volcanic rock formations that some travelers dub the “Cappadocia of Ankara”. These attractions show that the whole area around Soğuksu has both natural wonders and cultural heritage.

The Geological Marvels of the Park: A Land Forged by Fire and Time

Soğuksu’s geology tells of an ancient volcanic past. The park’s forests grow on volcanic bedrock – layers of andesite, basalt, tuff and agglomerate that once spewed from nearby volcanoes. Over millions of years, these lavas and ash beds weathered into soils. The park’s terrain is hilly, with the highest peaks (Tolubelen and Arhut Hills) climbing to nearly 1,800 m. When you hike here you cross lava flows and ash beds, giving rise to dark, rich soils that support dense pine forests.

One of the most astonishing geological features is the petrified wood found on the northern slopes. These are fossilized tree trunks turned to stone, preserved by the mineral-rich volcanic ash that buried them about 10–12 million years ago. A full tree trunk nearly 2.5 m (8.2 ft) long and 170 cm wide lies exposed – a tangible piece of the primeval forest. Walking among these petrified logs is like stepping back into deep time; they provide scientists and visitors a snapshot of a world very different from today.

Water too plays a geological role in Soğuksu. The park is famous for its hot springs, which bubble up through crevices in the volcanic rocks. These thermal waters feed the park’s spa resort and have been used since antiquity for bathing and relief of ailments. The park is centered on an elevated plateau through which cool mountain streams run, only to disappear in summer (Batılganın and Küçük Soğuksu Creeks dry up in warm months). Glacial action in past ice ages also shaped the land, carving valleys now clothed in pine and larch. In summary, Soğuksu’s soil, stones and spring waters all bear witness to a long, fiery geological history.

The Cultural Heritage of the Kızılcahamam Region

The district of Kızılcahamam has a rich cultural tradition rooted in its geology and climate. People have lived in these hills for millennia, farming the plateaus and making use of the warm springs. As noted by travel writers, Kızılcahamam is known for its abundant flora and fauna – some of the richest in all Central Anatolia. The whole area, from Soğuksu’s pine slopes down to valley villages, has various historical sites. For example, local lore attributes a small mountaintop complex called the Alicin Monastery to Roman or Byzantine times, though few records exist.

In every village one finds traditional stone houses and old mosques. Toward the center of Kızılcahamam town there are Ottoman-era inns (hans) that served travelers on the Silk Road. Local cuisine and crafts are part of the heritage: for centuries villagers here have specialized in wool (from the fluffy Angora rabbits and local Angora goats) and textiles, as well as heirloom jams and pastries made from mountain fruits. The Kızılcahamam thermal springs themselves have a storied history. They were used in the Roman Empire, and later by sultans – today several spa facilities carry on that tradition. In planning a trip, visitors should not overlook this deep connection between nature, health, and culture that defines the Soğuksu region.

Planning Your Visit: Everything You Need to Know

The Best Time of Year to Visit Soğuksu National Park: A Seasonal Guide

Soğuksu’s appeal shifts dramatically with the seasons. Spring (April–June) brings melting snows and abundant wildflowers. The pine and larch forests come alive with bright green needles and splashes of color from blooming meadows. Migratory birds pass through the park, and many streams run full. Daytime highs are mild (often in the mid-20s°C), but nights can still be chilly. This is an excellent time for botanists and bird-watchers.

Summer (July–early September) is warm but usually less humid than Ankara below. The altitude keeps daytime temperatures pleasant, often in the high teens or low twenties Celsius even in July. The forest provides cool shade. This is peak season for hiking, picnicking and camping – trails are clear and the park’s facilities (restaurants, spa, campsites) are fully operational. Beware of occasional thunderstorms at high elevations.

Autumn (mid-September–November) paints the park in fiery colors. The larches turn gold, and oaks and maples glow in reds and oranges. Daylight remains warm, but mornings are crisp. Wildlife can be more active as animals forage for winter. Leaf-fall generally peaks in late October. Early autumn is often considered the most beautiful time to hike Soğuksu.

Winter (December–March) transforms Soğuksu into a snowy retreat. The park is generally open year-round, but snow can cover the higher trails. Temperatures can drop well below freezing (Kızılcahamam’s average is about 5°C lower than Ankara). On snow-free days the landscape is peaceful and bare-branched trees border thawing springs. Winter is quieter – ideal for solitude. Many visitors in winter come for the Cam Thermal Resort, where soaking in hot pools amid snow is a special experience. If you plan hiking in winter, check snow and road conditions and equip yourself with warm clothing and boots.

In short, most travelers prefer late spring through early autumn for Soğuksu, because all facilities are open and nature is at its brightest. Winter has its charms (and far fewer crowds) but requires extra gear.

Park Hours, Fees, and Permits

Soğuksu National Park is open every day of the year. In fact, it operates 24 hours a day on all weekdays and weekends. Visitors can arrive at dawn or in the evening, although park facilities (restaurants, visitor center) have more limited hours. Because of the 24-hour access, one can even stargaze or camp overnight (with permission – see below).

There is an entrance fee to enter the park. As of the latest information, the full adult admission is ₺26 per person (Turkish lira). A reduced rate of ₺12 applies for students and seniors. Bicycles are charged the same as a pedestrian (₺26). If you arrive by car or motorcycle, vehicle fees apply (for example, a car or pickup costs about ₺85, a motorcycle about ₺55). Fees may change, so check the official Tarım ve Orman (Agriculture and Forestry) regional website or call ahead for current rates. Note that day-use, picnicking and wildlife watching are included in the admission fee; camping and spa are extra if you use those facilities.

For overnight stays, camping permits are required. Visitors must register their camping with the park management. Some sources note that “permission is required to camp at night” in Soğuksu. In practice, you simply register at the park office or visitor center and use one of the established campsites (where cooking fires are allowed in designated pits). Wild camping off-trail is discouraged, as about two-thirds of the park is protected area. Always follow local rules: build fires only in the rings provided, store food securely (bears are present – see next section), and carry out all trash.

Park regulations emphasize safety and conservation: visitors should stay on marked trails, leave plants and rocks undisturbed, and never feed wildlife. The seven “Leave No Trace” principles apply everywhere here (pack out litter, minimize campfire impact, etc.). In particular, bear safety is important: Soğuksu is home to brown bears, so keep food in bear-proof containers or in your car, make noise on trails, and give any large animals a wide berth. Campers will find water spigots (faucets) near the picnic areas, but should boil or treat water from streams before drinking.

What to Pack: A Comprehensive Checklist for Every Season

Pack according to the season, but always be prepared for changeable mountain weather. Essentials: sturdy hiking boots, layered clothing (temperatures can swing 10–15°C in a day), rain gear (sudden showers or storms are possible in summer), and a warm jacket or sleeping bag if camping. Even in summer nights can be chilly, so bring extra insulation.

For any visit, don’t forget sun protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen) and insect repellent in warm months. A reusable water bottle will be useful; water is available at park faucets but in winter these may freeze, so carry extra. If you plan to picnic, you can buy supplies in Kızılcahamam town, or bring your own packed lunch. Campers should have a tent rated for seasonal weather, and a stove or grill for cooking (fires only allowed in grills, per park rules). A flashlight or headlamp is essential if you stay late or camp.

Binoculars and a camera are highly recommended – the park’s birds and landscapes reward patient observers. If birdwatching, include a field guide or app for species identification. Families might bring a picnic blanket or portable chairs for comfort.

Before leaving home, check the park’s official notices (if any) and weather forecast. In winter, ice cleats or snowshoes may be needed for trails. In summer, high temperatures in the adjacent lowlands are not felt here, but thunderstorms can roll in, so carry layers and rain gear just in case. Finally, bring identification (passport/copy and cash), as staff may record visitor info at the gate or check bags for fees.

How to Get to Soğuksu National Park

Driving Directions from Ankara

Soğuksu National Park is very accessible by car. From central Ankara, take the D750 state highway north through Kızılcahamam. Once you reach the district center (which lies 78 km from Ankara), watch for signs to Soğuksu – the park entrance is just 2 km west of town on a smaller road. The total drive is about an hour to 90 minutes from Ankara center, depending on traffic. The last stretch of road may be narrow and winding, and not fully asphalted, but it is passable for cars. In summer, traffic to Soğuksu increases in mornings and evenings as day-trippers come, so adjust departure times if you want fewer vehicles on the road.

It is also possible to approach via Istanbul or other regions: for example, from Istanbul one could drive on the TEM (O-4) highway toward Bolu and then connect to Ankara’s road, continuing north on the D750. The trip from Istanbul is longer (roughly 450–500 km) and usually done over two days with an overnight stop. There is no direct public transportation from Istanbul.

Public Transportation Options

Visitors relying on public transport have options, though they require some planning.

The simplest is to take an Ankara city bus. EGO Bus Route 527 runs from Ulus (central Ankara) directly to the Soğuksu National Park entrance. It departs four times a day (check the current schedule online or at the EGO terminal) and takes about 2.5 hours. The bus ends at the park gate. This is the most affordable way, though slower than driving, and schedule may be limited on weekends or holidays.

Another option is to take an intercity bus to Kızılcahamam town, then a local taxi or dolmuş (minibus) for the final 2 km to Soğuksu. Several companies run Ankara–Kızılcahamam buses from Ulus or AŞTİ (the intercity bus terminal) roughly every hour. Once in Kızılcahamam, there may not be frequent public shuttles to the park entrance, but taxis are available. Some agencies in Ankara also organize guided day tours to Soğuksu, which include transportation – a convenient choice for visitors who prefer a package.

Guided Tours and Private Transfers

For convenience, especially for first-time visitors, private tours are offered by several Ankara tour operators. These typically include round-trip transportation in a comfortable van, a guide, and sometimes picnic meals or admission fees. Alternatively, private drivers or car rentals can be arranged for the 1–2 hour trip. If you have many travelers or heavy gear (camping equipment, cameras), a van with ample space is best.

Keep in mind that the closest town with lodging is Kızılcahamam; there is no public transportation into Soğuksu after dark. Plan your return trip timing accordingly. If driving yourself, using a smartphone map app (with offline data saved) is recommended, since the final approach is rural and signage in English is limited.

Accommodation: Where to Stay In and Around the Park

Camping in Soğuksu National Park: A Complete Guide

Camping is a very popular option, given the park’s natural setting. Official campsites are located near the visitor center and along the main loop trail. These are basic sites with picnic tables, grills and water spigots. They can accommodate tents and even caravans or small RVs. To camp here, you need to register at the park office. Small fees for camping may apply (this is separate from the entrance fee). Be sure to set up in designated areas only; campfires are allowed but only in the built-in fire rings and only with firewood you bring (or purchased at the park), never with live or standing trees.

Because the park closes to vehicle traffic at night, campers may need to hike with gear from the parking area (though parking is usually allowed overnight with permission). It’s recommended to arrive with daylight to find the site easily. Campsites are not fenced but are dispersed in forest clearings for privacy. There are some toilets available near picnic spots, but no running water showers.

For wild camping (pitching a tent outside the official sites), strict rules apply. Essentially, it is allowed only with explicit permission from park authorities, and must be well away from trails, facilities and water sources. You should have a permit from the directorate if intending to camp outside the marked campgrounds. Given that most of the park is protected core area, we advise sticking to the established camps.

Essential camping gear for Soğuksu includes: a four-season tent (for unexpected weather), a warm sleeping bag (nights cool quickly in the mountains), a sleeping pad, portable stove and fuel, cooking utensils, and enough water or purification tablets (water from park faucets should be boiled or treated). A small daypack for hikes, and a cooler or bear canister for food storage, will also be handy. Bear encounters are rare at campsites, but store food securely. Pack lights and headlamps (no lighting is provided once it’s dark). Leave camp clean: dispose of waste in bins or carry it out.

Hotels and Guesthouses in Kızılcahamam

If camping isn’t your style, there are several hotels, guesthouses and lodges in Kızılcahamam town (2 km east of the park) and even inside the park. The most prominent is the Çam Thermal Resort & Spa Hotel (the 300-bed facility mentioned earlier). This five-star hotel offers thermal pools, a fitness center, restaurant and spa services. It sits right by the park entrance, so you can hike during the day and relax in its hot pools in the evening. Across seasons, room rates vary; it’s wise to book in advance for summer weekends or holiday periods.

In Kızılcahamam town center, you’ll find smaller hotels and “pension” guesthouses, often family-run. Some recommended places (based on traveler reviews) include half-pension inns that serve traditional Turkish breakfast and dinner. Many have local stone architecture and courtyard views. Prices in town range from modest to moderate, with some places marketed as “spa hotels” due to available public baths.

A few boutique and eco-lodges have opened near Soğuksu in recent years. These include “yayla houses” (mountain plateau cottages) and even a couple of treehouse-style cabins. They appeal to those wanting rustic charm: wooden chalets with heating and small terraces, often surrounded by forest. They tend to book up quickly in high season. Search for accommodations in “Kızılcahamam”, “Soğuksu” or “tesis” (facilities) for the latest options.

Finally, campgrounds with cabins or bungalows exist in the area. For example, Yayla Club (about 15 km away) offers camping and apartment rentals, and other resort villages in the region have similar offerings. While outside the park boundaries, they are an option if you prefer a roof over your head but still want nature access.

Hiking in Soğuksu National Park: Trails for Every Level

Trail Map and Overview

Soğuksu has a network of marked trails that showcase its varied scenery. The main trail is a full loop of roughly 16 km, which circles the public area of the park (about 9.9 miles). This loop is well-signed and maintained. Along the way it crosses a few stream bridges, ascends gentle ridges and passes picnic areas and campsites. One side of the loop follows a valley rim near the park boundary (off-limits to the public), providing broad views of pine-covered slopes. The loop meets back at the visitor center. Completing the entire 16 km can take 5–6 hours at a moderate pace with stops.

Shortcuts are available, so it’s possible to do half-loop hikes of 8–10 km. Side trails branch off the main loop into special-interest areas (see below). Direction is arbitrary – hikers may start at the visitor center and go clockwise or counter-clockwise. The terrain is rolling but with steady ups and downs; the highest climb is under 250 m elevation change (to meet the 1,400+ m hills). Trails are all natural dirt or stone, though well-worn. In wet weather they can get muddy. Some steep sections have stone steps installed. Overall the trails are non-technical (no scrambling needed), but sturdy shoes are recommended.

A trail map is available at the visitor center. It shows multiple numbered routes; each is color-coded or marked on the ground with matching blazes. For our purposes, we can group them by difficulty and theme:

Easy Trails for Families and Beginners

• Visitor Center Loop (2–3 km): A short circuit around the picnic area and along a small stream. This is flat, shaded and perfect for families with young children. Interpretive signs along this loop explain the local plants. The trail passes a small overlook and returns to the center. It can be walked in about an hour.
• Lakeview Picnic Trail (4 km): This route follows a gentle creekside path to a man-made dam lake (used for trout fishing) within the park. The trail ends at a lakeside picnic spot with benches. It is mostly level, with two shallow stream crossings. The loop back joins the main trail at the campsite. This loop takes about 1.5–2 hours.

Both of these trails have benches, informational plaques and short entrances suitable for slow-paced walks. They are popular for children, picnics and bird-watching (look for ducks and wagtails by the lake).

Moderate Trails for the Enthusiastic Hiker

• Atatürk’s Pine Trail (5 km): From the visitor center, a side trail branches uphill through pine forest to the named “Atatürk Çamı” (Atatürk’s Pine). The path climbs about 100 m and takes roughly 1.5–2 hours round-trip from the center. Along the way it offers glimpses of the park’s ridges. At the historic pine, there is a stone bench and sign explaining Atatürk’s 1934 picnic. This segment is moderate grade but well-built with switchbacks. The trail returns via the same route (or continue to connect to the main loop).
• Petrified Forest Trail (6 km): In the northern section of the park there are trails leading to the field of petrified tree trunks. One moderate loop begins near the picnic area and wends up about 150–200 m in elevation toward the park’s highest open slopes. After about 2 km you will reach the first large fossilized log. The trail continues another kilometer or so to pass several more, then descends back to the main loop. This trek takes ~2–3 hours, mostly on forest paths. The highlight is walking among ancient wood turned to stone – a unique experience.
• Forest Trail (5 km): A circular route that crisscrosses a thick Scots pine and fir forest on moderate grades. This trail showcases the dense woodland and several tranquil streambeds. It connects back with the main loop at two points, so one can customize the length. Watch for wild strawberries and roses in summer undergrowth.

These moderate hikes vary in terrain but none are especially technical. They do involve some uphill sections (up to 300 m gain total on the petrified loop). All are well-marked, and you’ll encounter benches or signs at key spots. The trails often converge with the main loop, allowing hikers to shorten the route or do point-to-point hikes.

Challenging Trails for Experienced Trekkers

• Osmandede Hill Climb (10+ km): For an aerobic hike, head to the northwest edge and tackle Osmandede Hill (about 1,650 m). A trail breaks off the main loop and zigzags up rocky terrain. Elevation gain is roughly 500 m. At the summit on a clear day you see a panorama of the Anatolian highlands. This route is steep in parts and not recommended for beginners. The descent takes you back to the main loop near a mountain spring. Plan 4–5 hours round-trip.
• Tolubelen Summit Route (12 km): Tolubelen Hill, the highest (1,776 m), can also be attempted via a seldom-used trail from the eastern side. This is a long excursion (over 12 km out-and-back) with rocky sections and no shade near the top. It’s best done by experienced hikers who bring GPS or local guidance.

These strenuous hikes are for those seeking a full-day trek or steep mountain experience. They reveal the park’s wildest vistas. Since these routes are rarely maintained, bring detailed maps or a GPS device, and inform others of your plans. There are no facilities on these trails, so carry ample water and food.

Themed Hikes

Soğuksu also offers nature-themed trails that focus on specific features:

• Black Vulture Viewing Trail: A relatively easy but enchanting route leads toward Kayabeleni Hill on the park’s western side. It culminates at a bird-watching platform and feeder installed for the cinereous (black) vulture. Follow the signs for the “vulture hideout” from near the info center. Binoculars in hand, you may see these large raptors soaring or perched. The area has gentle ups and downs through pines, and the trail is about 4 km one-way (return can be via a shortcut back to the loop).
• Petrified Forest Trail: (Mentioned above) This trek is also a themed hike – it leads through a surprisingly intact stand of fossilized trees. Interpretive panels here explain the geology.
• Atatürk’s Pine Trail: (Mentioned above) This trail has historical and cultural theme. Along it are plaques about Atatürk’s 1934 picnic and the tradition of Atatürk Day.
• Flora Trail: During spring and early summer, the park may open a short wildflower loop (check at the visitor center). This walk highlights alpine meadow flowers and shrubs unique to this transitional climate zone. Otherwise, along the main and secondary trails you will see abundant wild flowers (daisies, poppies, anemones) and berry bushes.

Maps at the park office mark these themed routes. Each provides a different perspective: birdlife, geology or history.

The Incredible Biodiversity of Soğuksu: A Nature Lover’s Paradise

The Flora of the Park: A Botanical Journey

Soğuksu’s forests are mixtures of European and Anatolian tree species. Dominant are conifers: Scots pine forms about 65% of the forest canopy, with European larch at roughly 24%. These tall, straight pines and larches create a cathedral-like setting, especially in morning light. The remaining trees include mixed broadleaf stands. Remarkable specimens of red oak, aspen, and alder stand out near watercourses. Interspersed are maples and shrubs like dogwood. In sunnier openings you’ll find fields of wild rose and hawthorn.

In spring and early summer the undergrowth blooms. Chamomile and daisy fields carpet the meadows (as seen in nearby Ankara grasslands), and elderflowers scent the air in June. Groundcover plants like wild strawberries, violet, and clover hug the forest floor. In autumn, the foliage becomes a tapestry: larch needles turn golden and oak leaves blaze red-orange. The contrast of conifer green and broadleaf color is striking. Seasonal color shifts are a photographer’s dream – imagine a grove of golden larch backlit by the setting sun.

Notably, some plant species here have limited range. The park’s mix of Anatolian steppe and Black Sea ecologies means you may encounter the Anatolian endemic Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir) or rare orchids in sheltered spots. Check trailside in spring for delicate orchids and fritillaries – though please admire and not pick. The diversity is such that botanists keep lists: over 1,000 plant species have been recorded in the Kızılcahamam-Söğütçük area.

The Fauna of the Park: A Guide to Wildlife Spotting

Soğuksu’s rich vegetation supports a similarly rich animal life. Mammals are relatively shy, so sightings require patience. Ungulates include red deer and roe deer; these deer are often heard rustling leaves at dawn. Wild boars are present as well, frequenting the acorn-rich oak groves. Carnivores include gray wolves and golden jackals, but they tend to avoid people. Foxes and weasels are common. As noted, brown bears roam here, though they concentrate in the undisturbed core areas. Small mammals like squirrels, hedgehogs and rabbits abound. If you hear a snort or grunt at dusk, it’s probably a boar.

Reptiles and amphibians do well in the park’s moist microclimates. In warmer months you might spot lizards sunning on rocks, or hear frogs near the streams. However, there is no notable venomous snake; harmless grass snakes do occur near water. Migratory birds stage stopovers, and woodpeckers drum on tree trunks. Listen for owls at night and nightingales at dawn.

Bird-watching is a highlight: about 160 bird species have been recorded here. Not only vultures and raptors, but also passerines like woodpeckers, tits, warblers and thrushes abound. Many species breed in the park. For example, Eurasian jays and wood pigeons nest in the pines, and forest specialists like the black woodpecker or the European greenfinch may appear. Early morning or late afternoon hikes have the best chance of bird activity. Bring binoculars and stand quietly at a stream bank or meadow – you might spot a migrating warbler or a flock of finches among the treetops.

The park’s flora and fauna are tightly linked: wild strawberries and berries attract small rodents and birds, which in turn attract raptors. Fallen logs and dense brush provide cover for critters. In summer, predators like foxes and bobcats (lynx have been spotted occasionally in wider Ankara forests) patrol the edges. Each season’s change brings new creatures: spring brings migratory buzzards, summer brings wood warblers, autumn sees flocks of migrating hawfinches passing through, and winter sometimes brings owls.

Are There Bears in Soğuksu National Park?

Yes – Soğuksu is home to the Anatolian brown bear (Turkish: kara ayı). These large bears are listed among the park’s mammal species. However, they are rarely seen by visitors, as they tend to avoid humans. The bears here likely feed on nuts, berries and roots in summer and autumn. If you stay overnight or hike deep trails, follow safety precautions: store food in sturdy containers, cook away from your tent, and make some noise on trails to warn wildlife. It’s best to hike in groups, especially at dawn or dusk. Seeing a bear is exceedingly rare; you’re far more likely to hear a distant rustle or find large tracks near a riverbank.

Soğuksu’s Birds: A Birder’s Paradise

Soğuksu attracts birders for good reason. The park’s mix of pine forest, streams and open glades creates habitat for both forest and steppe birds. The star is the cinereous (black) vulture, a Near Threatened species that nests on rocky cliffs nearby. A dedicated hide and feeding station at Kayabelen allows rare glimpses of these majestic birds. During migration seasons, vultures circle overhead. You might also spot eagles, falcons or buzzards riding thermals on summer afternoons.

Other notable birds include woodpeckers, nuthatches, owls and finches. In spring, bright bee-eaters and European rollers stop over. In winter, varied tits and even siskins come down from higher mountains. A bird-watching calendar for Soğuksu might note: April–May and September–October as peak migration times, July–August for breeding resident birds, and November–March for winter species. Even the skies in midday hold fascination: monitor larches for siskins or watch for hawks. The best gear is a good pair of binoculars or a spotting scope, and a bird guide. Check with local rangers or birding clubs for any recent sightings (the nearby city of Ankara has active birdwatching groups).

Beyond Hiking: Other Activities and Attractions

The Thermal Spas of Kızılcahamam: A Relaxing Detour

After a day of trekking, many visitors treat themselves to a soak. Thanks to Soğuksu’s hot springs, the region is famous for thermal spa facilities. The Cam Thermal Resort (inside the park) is one option; it has large indoor and outdoor pools filled with mineral water (enter at hotel day-pass prices). In Kızılcahamam town there are several public bathhouses where men and women can enjoy Turkish-style hamam treatments. Popular local baths include the Kızılcahamam Kaplıcaları, featuring sulfur-rich springs. Historically these waters were used for rheumatism and skin ailments, and today spa tourists often spend a half-day soaking in modern facilities or traditional wooden tubs. If a spa bath is on your list, plan to devote a few hours – many hotels will bundle an overnight stay with spa access for convenience.

Picnicking in Soğuksu: The Best Spots and Facilities

Soğuksu is a picnic haven. Throughout the park you will find covered picnic tables, benches and grills under the pine trees. Some prime picnic spots include the main picnic area near the visitor center (with restrooms close by) and the lakeside benches on the short loop trail. Many locals bring charcoal and meat for barbeques – note that wood and charcoal sale is sometimes offered at the park entrance. If grilling, use only the designated fire pits (provided) and never leave embers unattended. Water taps are nearby, so you can cook pasta or make tea easily.

One particularly scenic picnic spot is atop the small dam/lake: the walking loop brings you to a clearing by the water’s edge, surrounded by wildflowers. Families often set up here. Another beautiful site is at the far end of the Atatürk’s Pine Trail: a clearing with a view of the pine tree and distant ridges. Remember to carry out all your trash. Carry a picnic blanket or folding chairs if you like more comfort, although many pine-root-rough benches are built in.

Photography in Soğuksu: Capturing the Park’s Beauty

Photography enthusiasts will find Soğuksu a wonderland. Landscape shots are particularly striking around sunrise and sunset, when the low sun slants through the pines. The most photogenic locales include: the lake and its reflection of the forest; stone steps and rustic bridges on the main trail; and wide overlooks on ridge trails. The peak of Golden Larch season in October is a must for color shots. A long lens can pick out details like wildflowers or distant birds.

For wildlife photography, patience is key. Binoculars help spot subjects from afar before you try to approach quietly. The early morning hours or late afternoon are best for animal activity. If you’re lucky to catch a bear or deer, keep distance; a moderate telephoto (200–300 mm) is ideal. The vulture viewing platform provides a rare chance to photograph Cinereous Vultures at relatively close range – a sturdy lens and tripod can yield very striking images there. Macro photographers will enjoy the park’s meadows, with many insect and flower subjects.

Keep a wide-angle lens handy for creative forest shots: shoot up between tall pines or use the trail bends for perspective. In winter, black-and-white photos of the snowy landscape are also possible. There are no restrictions on photography (even drones, provided they are flown safely away from animals and people), but always be courteous with tripods and flashes around other visitors.

Mountain Biking and Cycling Routes

Although hiking is more common, some park trails allow cycling. The main loop and service roads are suitable for sturdy mountain bikes. Cyclists can enjoy the same forest scenery on two wheels – common routes include the old logging road that runs near the southern border. The park’s entrance fees for bicycles are the same as on foot (as noted, ₺26 per bike). Be aware that parts of the loop can be rocky or muddy, so a mountain bike is recommended (road bikes will struggle). Remember to respect hikers: give way on narrow paths and ring a bell on blind turns. Cycling campsites are also available. Riders sometimes continue beyond Soğuksu to explore the upland plateaus (yaylas) north of Kızılcahamam, though these ventures lead outside the park’s jurisdiction.

Stargazing and Night Sky Photography

One of Soğuksu’s quiet pleasures is its night sky. Once the daylight wanes, the park is far from city lights and offers a clear view of the stars. On cloudless nights, the Milky Way is visible, and one can identify constellations like Orion or Taurus in winter. Summer is good for meteors and the summer triangle stars. To prepare: pack warm clothes (temperatures can drop sharply), and bring a red-light flashlight to preserve night vision. Spread a blanket near your campsite or picnic table and look up. Night photography buffs can set up tripods and cameras for star trails or Milky Way exposures; some lake shots with stars reflecting off the water are especially beautiful.

Family Fun: Making the Most of Soğuksu with Kids

Soğuksu is surprisingly family-friendly, with plenty to keep children occupied. The easy nature trails (see above) are ideal for little legs. Beginners can tackle the short picnic loops and then linger on a bridge or streambed to skip stones. There are open meadows for running and playing.

The visitor center has an informal nature education area (check if open), with displays about local wildlife and hands-on exhibits. During holidays the park sometimes organizes guided nature walks for kids. Ask at the info desk if any children’s programs are scheduled.

Children will love the playground equipment near the main picnic site (a simple swing set and slide under pines). This area also has sandboxes and shallow pools, where families often congregate. It’s a safe place for kids to burn energy while adults cook.

A sample day itinerary for a family: Arrive in the morning and hike the easy meadow trail to the dam (about 2 km). Picnic by the lake for lunch. In the afternoon, walk the Atatürk’s Pine path to see the giant pine tree (this shorter trail offers a sense of adventure). Return to the visitor center for ice cream or snacks. If staying overnight, finish the day at the campsite or spa pools.

Food and Drink: Where to Eat and What to Try

Restaurants and Cafes within the Park

Inside Soğuksu itself there are limited dining options but enough to refuel. The two small restaurants at the visitor center serve basic Turkish fare: grilled meats (kebap), eggs, salads, soups and pide (Turkish pizza). These are cafeteria-style and moderately priced. They typically open from late morning through early evening. There is also a little café/kiosk selling coffee, tea, soft drinks, ice cream and snacks. If you drive by lunchtime, the restaurants can handle moderate crowds, but at peak (weekends) you might wait for service.

For a special treat, plan a lunch at the Cam Hotel’s buffets – though pricey, they offer a large spread of appetizers and main dishes. Local specialities to try include mantı (Turkish ravioli) and köfte (grilled meatballs), often served with rich yogurt sauce. During cooler months, warm yayla çorbası (yogurt soup with rice) is comforting.

The park also has picnic infrastructure for self-catering. Visitors often bring their own food and grill out or pack a picnic. If you prefer home cooking on your camping stove, there is a spring water bottling facility and small market at the park entrance (often selling local honey, jam, cheese) where you can buy fresh bread and local farm cheeses for a rustic meal.

Culinary Delights of Kızılcahamam

If you venture into Kızılcahamam town (2 km from the park), the dining options expand. The cuisine here has a Central Anatolian character. Restaurants in town pride themselves on dishes like keşkek (a rich wheat-and-meat stew), roasted lamb and homemade mezes (appetizers). Many diners also enjoy the regional goat or lamb dishes; some taverns list sütlü iskender (skewered meat with yogurt sauce), a specialty of neighboring provinces.

Tea culture is strong – look for a glass of strong black tea offered after meals. Desserts often include baklava or local fruit jams. At summer evening markets, vendors sell cherry juice and vişne (sour cherry) jam made from nearby orchards. A meal in a nice family restaurant in Kızılcahamam might cost roughly the same as in Ankara, with abundant portions.

For those looking for specifics, two well-reviewed local places are “Savarona Restaurant” (known for steaks and Turkish steaks) and “Oltu Cağ Kebab” (specializing in a type of rotating lamb kebab). However, any restaurant with a wood-fired oven is a safe bet for good pide and breads.

Packing Your Own Food: Tips for the Perfect Picnic

Whether grilling in the park or driving home for dinner, good planning enhances enjoyment. Be sure to include plenty of water – the park’s climate is dry and you will drink more than usual while hiking. Pack high-energy snacks: nuts, dried fruits and fresh fruit like apricots or grapes (sold along roadsides in season) are both tasty and nutritious. If grilling, carry charcoal and matches or a lighter (matches often sell at the park entrance). Bring utensils, paper towels and trash bags – even if there are bins, packing out wastes like food packaging is best practice.

A portable cooler or insulated bag will keep meats or dairy safe if you stop late in the day. Don’t forget coffee or tea for thermos if you want a warm drink in the morning. Finally, have cash on hand; while bigger restaurants take cards, small cafés and market stands may not.

The Surrounding Area: Exploring Beyond the Park

The Town of Kızılcahamam

Kızılcahamam itself is a small spa town with tree-lined streets. The town center has a modest Ottoman-era bazaar and a historic mosque built from stone. A stroll through its quiet backstreets reveals traditional two-story wooden houses with narrow overhanging balconies – architecture similar to Beypazarı’s famed Ottoman houses. Some of these have been converted to cafes or boutiques. The town’s tourism office (an old caravanserai) provides maps and guides for visitors.

Beyond architecture, Kızılcahamam has cultural attractions. The town is lively on market days (often weekends), with local vendors selling farm produce, cheeses and textiles. If time allows, visit the Kızılcahamam nature museum (if open) which has exhibits on local wildlife and geology. In the evening, a walk up to the hilltop Kıran (a small castle ruin) gives a panoramic view of the whole district lit by city lights (and fireworks on certain holidays).

Other Nearby Attractions

Soğuksu can be combined with other sights in the region for longer trips:

• Abacı Fairy Chimneys: A short drive north of Kızılcahamam leads to Abacı village, where hundreds of small fairy chimneys dot the landscape. These cone-shaped rocks, formed like Cappadocia’s famed pillars, are accessible via a parking lot and short walk. There is no fee, and an observation platform overlooks the formations. It’s a great free add-on for a couple of hours.
• Mahkemeağcin Underground City: Near Abacı, this fascinating site is an entire rock-cut complex with chapels and homes, carved maybe in Roman or Byzantine times. It feels like a miniature Cappadocia underground city. Tours are informal (no entry fee listed), but an on-site caretaker may provide candles. Wear a jacket – it’s cooler underground.
• Alicin Monastery (Cin Ali Monastery): On a high bluff southeast of Kızılcahamam, hike or drive out to see this little-known rock monastery complex. The trek is challenging, requiring about 30–40 minutes up a steep track from a hillside village. The monastery appears as small caves in the rock face and clings to a ledge. Bring food and water, as there are no services. This site is remote and quiet, offering a sense of discovery.
• Thermal Spa Town of Haymana: If you continue south from Ankara beyond Kızılcahamam, the Haymana hot springs are also famous. On the way back from Soğuksu, some visitors detour to Afyon or Eskişehir, as these regions have other attractions (but these are further afield).

A recommended extended itinerary: Spend one day hiking and picnicking at Soğuksu, perhaps followed by an evening soak in Cam Hotel. The next day drive to Abacı and Mahkemeağcin (accessible in half a day), then relax in Kızılcahamam’s public baths.

Responsible Tourism and Conservation Efforts

Soğuksu National Park thrives when visitors act responsibly. Paying the entrance fee itself helps conservation, as these funds go to park upkeep and ranger salaries. By sticking to trails and not disturbing wildlife or plants, visitors ensure the ecosystem remains intact. Choosing local guides and using local services (lodging, restaurants) also bolsters the regional economy, encouraging the community to value and protect the park.

Volunteering opportunities are limited, but check with the Ankara university or nature clubs; sometimes biology students and NGO teams organize clean-up or tree-planting events in Turkish parks. During bird migration seasons, local ornithologists may run monitoring projects. If deeply interested, inquire at the park directorate whether any research or cultural events (like the July Atatürk Day) welcome outside help.

The future of Soğuksu depends on balance: limited development, strict enforcement of conservation zones, and education. Trends like climate change and expanding tourism put pressure on all Anatolian highlands. However, Soğuksu has so far maintained healthy forests and wildlife. By visiting with awareness, you support this legacy. For example, leaving camping fires only in contained rings prevents forest fires. Using only biodegradable soap in streams prevents pollution. In sum, a little care by thousands of visitors adds up to enduring preservation.

Soğuksu National Park FAQ

What is the significance of Soğuksu National Park? It is one of Turkey’s oldest national parks (established 1959) and serves as a green island between the Black Sea forests and Anatolian steppes. The park’s dense pine and larch woods, clear streams and historical sites make it both ecologically and culturally important. Its thermal springs and petrified forest are unique features. Local guides say Soğuksu represents the “original Anatolian forest,” offering city-dwellers a glimpse of untouched nature.

How do you get to Soğuksu National Park? By car, drive north on highway D750 from Ankara to Kızılcahamam (about 78 km) and then follow the park signs for 2 km more. Alternatively, public transport from Ankara: take bus EGO 527 from Ulus for ~2.5 hours directly to the park entrance. There are also Ankara–Kızılcahamam minibuses and then a short taxi from town. Maps and GPS (N 40.4541° E 32.6223°) will guide you.

Are there bears in Soğuksu National Park? Yes, brown bears (Ursus arctos anatolicus) live in the park’s wilderness areas. They are shy and mostly nocturnal. If you hike in remote areas or camp, follow bear safety: make noise, store food securely, and do not approach any bear. Seeing one is very rare; tracks and scat are more likely signs.

What is the best time of year to visit Soğuksu National Park? Late spring through early autumn is best (May–October) for pleasant weather and open trails. Spring offers blooming meadows and bird migration, summer is warm and lush, and autumn has colorful foliage. Winter brings snow and tranquility, which some enjoy, but park facilities (restaurants, pools) may close in deep winter.

Can you camp in Soğuksu National Park? Yes, there are official campsites with tables and grills. Camping is allowed with permission (you register at the office). Campfires only in provided rings. Rough hiking camping outside these sites is heavily restricted. Wild camping is not recommended. If camping, bring your own water or treat stream water, and prepare for cold nights.

What are the main tree species in Soğuksu National Park? The forests are dominated by Scots pine and European larch, together making up about 89% of tree cover. Other common trees include fir, oak, alder, aspen and various shrubs like juniper and wild rose. In short, think of a classic Anatolian pine forest, with seasonal bursts of color from oaks and maples.

Is Soğuksu National Park good for bird watching? Absolutely. Over 160 bird species have been recorded here. Notable species include Cinereous (black) vulture and various eagles that nest in the area. Smaller birds, woodpeckers, and colorful migrants like bee-eaters are often seen. For specialized birding, there is a vulture observation station at Kayabeleni, which provides close-up views of feeding black vultures. Bring binoculars and consider a guided birding tour if interested.

What is the entrance fee for Soğuksu National Park? The last known rates were: ₺26 per adult (full), ₺12 concession (students/elderly). Bicycles pay adult rate, motorcycles ~₺55, cars ~₺85. These are government-regulated fees and can change, so verify with the park office or local news before visiting.

Are the thermal spas open to the public? Yes. The large thermal spa resort inside Soğuksu (Çam Hotel) has pools that day-visitors can use (for a fee). In Kızılcahamam town, public bathhouses are open to all for treatments and soaking. Check seasonal hours; most are open daily and have separate sections for men/women in traditional style.

Is the park accessible for people with disabilities? The main entrance and visitor center are paved, and the lower picnic area is flat. However, most trails are natural terrain (dirt paths, steps) and are not wheelchair-friendly. The center area has toilets but not specialized facilities. In practice, wheelchair access is limited. Visitors needing accessibility should inquire directly with park management to find the most suitable areas (perhaps enjoying the picnic area and gardens near the entrance).

What should I pack for a trip to Soğuksu? We recommend layering clothing (the altitude makes nights cool), sturdy shoes, a hat, and rain gear. Bring snacks and water if you plan to hike, as vending is limited. If camping, pack camping gear as usual (tent, sleeping bag, stove). Binoculars and camera are handy. Sunscreen and insect repellent are also wise.