Located in northeastern Anatolia, Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park is an expanse of pine-clad peaks and alpine meadows on the Erzurum–Kars provincial border. Established in 2004, the park protects roughly 22,500 hectares of high-altitude terrain (averaging 2,300 meters). It was intentionally created not only to safeguard this pristine environment but also to memorialize the 1914–15 Battle of Sarıkamış, a World War I engagement in which thousands of Ottoman soldiers perished in severe winter conditions. The rugged landscape—topped by “Allahuekber” (Turkish for “God is great”) peaks over 3,000 meters—now balances that somber human legacy with vibrant ecosystems and outdoor adventure. This guide will explore the park’s layered identity: its solemn remembrance of history and its lively natural tapestry, from whispering pines to golden eagles.

The national park invites visitors with dual claims. On one hand, it is a place of pilgrimage and memory, marked by the Sarıkamış Martyrs’ Cemetery and countless memorials to the frozen soldiers. On the other hand, it is a wild frontier of wildlife and recreation: a refuge for wolves, lynx and bears, and a snowpark of “crystal” powder for skiers and hikers alike. In spring and summer, rolling meadows bloom with alpine wildflowers, while migratory birds swarm through mountain passes. By contrast, winter transforms the park into a frozen panorama of white silence. Understanding Sarıkamış-Allahüekber means embracing this tension: every pine-covered slope and every icy memorial path speaks of both loss and life.

In charting the park’s story, we proceed from general overview to vivid detail. We will first recount how this remote region became hallowed ground of history, then pivot to practical travel advice: when to go, how to get here, and where to stay. Next we will unpack the park’s natural riches—its forests, wildlife and unique climate—and sketch the spectrum of activities, from skiing to stargazing. The narrative then expands to the surrounding Kars province: Russia-era architecture in Kars city, the ruined splendor of Ani, frozen Lake Çıldır and regional flavors that keep winter travelers warm. Finally, we examine conservation efforts and the vision for the park’s future. Throughout, each claim is anchored in credible sources or firsthand accounts, to craft a balanced, authoritative portrait of Sarıkamış-Allahüekber.

The Soul-Stirring History of the Allahuekber Mountains

The story of Sarıkamış-Allahüekber is inseparable from the ravages of World War I on this frontier. In late 1914 the Ottoman Empire opened a Caucasus front against Russia, with immediate aims of reclaiming lost eastern provinces. Enver Pasha’s army was to retake the fortress cities of Ardahan, Kars and Batum and even push toward Tbilisi, hoping to incite Caucasian Muslim uprisings and sever Russia’s access to Caucasus oil fields. Russian forces fiercely defended this line; Kars, lost to Russia since 1877, had become a key strategic prize. The ensuing Battle of Sarıkamış (December 22, 1914 – January 17, 1915) would prove catastrophic.

The Ottoman army’s plan hinged on rapid, mobile maneuvers—inspired by German tactics—but it gravely miscalculated the mountain winter. Soldiers set out in late December to climb Allahuekber Mountain passes in bitter weather; within days, blizzards descended. Troops were poorly equipped for the cold, lacking sufficient winter clothing and shelter. Exposure took a terrible toll even before major clashes. Incredibly, an estimated 25,000 Ottoman soldiers froze to death during the advance and initial maneuvers. This figure alone foreshadowed the human cost of the campaign.

When the armies finally engaged, the contest turned into a tragedy for the Ottomans. Russian generals (notably Yudenich and Bergmann) counterattacked around January 5, 1915, cutting off Ottoman columns. By mid-January, their supply lines severed and ranks decimated by hypothermia, the Ottoman 3rd Army collapsed under Russian pressure. The Russians secured a decisive victory. Reports vary on casualties, but official Turkish records cite around 60,000 Turkish soldiers died from cold, hunger and disease during this campaign. Some historical accounts and modern commemorations speak of closer to 90,000 lives lost in total. No matter the exact count, Sarıkamış stands among the worst bloodbaths of the war’s Caucasus front.

The martyrs of Sarıkamış (Sarıkamış şehitleri) have been honored by generations of Turks. Today the mountainous ground still holds the remains of tens of thousands of unnamed soldiers. Along mountain trails and at high passes are monuments and statues representing frozen Ottoman infantrymen. The prime memorial site lies near the village of Süngütaşı (formerly Yollarbaşı): the Sarıkamış Martyrs’ Cemetery. In this somber grove, “on binlerce şehidin isimsiz gömüldüğü” – tens of thousands of martyrs are buried in unmarked graves. Marble stele line the avenue of the cemetery, and bronze sculptures depict half-buried soldiers clutching their frozen rifles. A visit here is intended as pilgrimage: a place where history and landscape fuse into remembrance.

Each winter since the war’s end has brought ceremonies at Sarıkamış. On the anniversary of the disaster (usually marked in early January), thousands gather for memorial marches and candlelit vigils. One account notes that some 50,000 people marched to the memorial on the 103rd anniversary. The armed forces, local officials and veterans join schoolchildren and relatives of the fallen. A highlight is the annual “sarıkamış yürüyüşü” – a torchlight uphill hike to the Allahuekber summit, where wreaths are laid at the peak’s shrine of martyrs. As one Turkish news report put it, marching across the snow with a Turkish flag is a way to “meet again above the clouds” with the soldiers lost here. Indeed, a special summit climb has become traditional: for example, in January 2018 about 170 mountaineers braved the peaks to hold a remembrance ceremony at 3,000 meters.

The depth of feeling is reflected even in contemporary culture. The memory of Sarıkamış is often invoked alongside Gallipoli as a defining tale of sacrifice. In 2024, on the 109th anniversary, a multi-day program unfolded in Sarıkamış: a candlelit walk to the Yukarı Sarıkamış Martyrdom site, snow-sculpture exhibitions, and a final ceremonial march from Kızılçubuk hill to the memorial with Turkish regalia and moments of silence. An accompanying feature described meeting descendants of fallen soldiers aboard the special “Sarıkamış Express” commemorative train: “we will meet above the clouds” read one poem pasted on the train. These displays of devotion, year after year, show that Sarıkamış has never faded from Turkish collective memory.

The founders of the national park explicitly tied it to this heritage. As the parks authority notes, Sarıkamış–Allahuekber NP was set up “not only to protect its pristine alpine environment but also to commemorate the tragic Battle of Sarıkamış”. The name Allahuekber itself became a rallying cry; in 2022 a new statue bearing the call “Allahu Akbar” was erected in Sarıkamış town to honor the soldiers frozen on these slopes. The valley of Sarıkamış is thus officially designated a memorial landscape. Stone cenotaphs and plaques at multiple sites inside the park recall the soldiers who “perished in snow-covered Allahuekber”. Visitors wander trails that follow the very routes of those doomed legions. In this way, every pine and rocky ridge here is linked to the past.

The Sarıkamış Martyrs: Memorials and Ceremonies

At the heart of the park is Sarıkamış Şehitliği (Sarıkamış Martyrs’ Cemetery), the primary resting place for the fallen. Here, a woodland of dark pines conceals rows of simple white markers. A central monument bears a Turkish flag, and bronze reliefs illustrate the hopeless advance through the snow. An engraved testimony explains: the cemetery “encompasses the Allahuekber Mountains National Park and is visited in all seasons; the tens of thousands of martyrs buried here are memorialized by statues depicting frozen soldiers, creating an open-air museum”. These statues – each life-size figure clutching a rifle, head bowed in icy agony – are arranged along a serpentine path, so that visitors effectively walk among silent sentries of the Great War. In sum, the martyrs’ memorial occupies a terrain equal parts cemetery and sculpture garden, intended to institutionalize the memory of Sarıkamış within the land itself.

Every December and January, the martyr’s spirit is rekindled by commemoration events. On January 5 (the date traditionally marked for the battle’s climax), a torchlit procession ascends from Sarıkamış town to the memorial. Thousands of people – public and private – join in this march. For example, a 2018 news report describes how “thousands of people marched… to commemorate the soldiers”; that year it was the 103rd anniversary and nearly 90,000 troops were said to have perished. The march often culminates in speeches from generals or officials, prayer services, and moments of silence in front of the central monument.

Another ritual is the commemorative climb up Allahuekber mountain. There are well-worn routes (marked with Turkish flags in winter) leading to the peaks where many Ottoman soldiers died. Climbing teams – including military mountaineers – tackle these slopes in freezing temperatures. On reaching the summit, participants ring the artillery-laid “Victory Bell,” share nationalistic songs and stories, and stand watch as the sun rises over the Alps to the west. In January 2018, about 170 climbers took part in such a high-elevation memorial hike. The symbolism is profound: to stand at 3,000 m where your ancestors perished, and to look out over the mountain range they traversed. Every gaze into the distance, every wreath cast into the snow, is an act of remembrance writ large.

In recent years these ceremonies have expanded into multi-day festivals of memory. Beginning in 2021, the local government and NGOs have organized a “Sarıkamış Martyrs’ 3-Day Program” in early January. It includes cultural events and winter sports themed around the memory: for instance, evening lantern processions to the Yukarı Sarıkamış martyrs’ site, mass recitations of poems, ski torchlight shows, and creative snow sculptures honoring the martyrs. The effort is not purely martial: food festivals serve the hometown specialty, roasted goose pilaf (sunka), as a nod to soldiers’ sustenance. A 2024 report described a lantern parade and an ice sculpture exhibit dedicated to Sarıkamış. This blending of solemnity and folklore has turned Sarıkamış’s solemn anniversary into something of a regional pilgrimage and festival for Turks of all ages.

The Establishment of the National Park in 2004: A Lasting Tribute

Long after the guns fell silent, this landscape remained hallowed ground. By the late 20th century, however, rising development pressures and lax protection meant the area’s forests and wildlife were increasingly vulnerable. In 2004, the Turkish government created Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park, formalizing the link between nature conservation and war remembrance. The park was designated not simply as a recreational space, but as “a monument to honor” the battle’s centennial memory. The official decree by Cabinet and Forestry Ministry established a protected zone spanning the key sites of conflict: from the burial fields at Yollarbaşı/Süngütaşı up through the Allahuekber ridges.

Today, park signage and visitor centers emphasize this dual mission. Trail maps highlight both nature features (like the dense Scotch pine forests) and historic points (like the so-called “Sarıkamış Trail” that follows old military routes). Multi-language panels explain how the snowy ridge once served as a battlefield. In short, the park was deliberately crafted as a landscape of memory. As one source notes, it was “built in northeastern Turkey on the dividing line between Kars and Erzurum, in the Allahuekber Mountains” specifically to honor the Ottoman soldiers who froze to death. By blending protection of biodiversity with commemoration of history, Sarıkamış–Allahüekber was intended as Turkey’s most poignant national park—where every footstep, alive or fallen, makes contact with a story.

Planning Your Visit: Everything You Need to Know

The Best Time to Visit Sarıkamış-Allahüekber National Park

Sarıkamış-Allahüekber is truly a four-season destination—each with its own character and activities. Which time is “best” depends on one’s interests, though climatically the park has an obvious pattern. Its long winters (often snowy by November) give way to brief, cool summers. Seasonal breakdowns from local guides are informative:

• Winter Wonderland (December–March): This is ski season in Sarıkamış, and also the park’s driest and coldest period. Elevations here average 2,100–2,600 m, and snow typically accumulates from late autumn well into spring. One travel report notes Sarıkamış is often blanketed in snow from late autumn through spring. Winter sports take the foreground: downhill skiing and snowboarding at Cıbıltepe, cross-country trails, snowshoeing in the pine woods, and even winter hiking on groomed memorial paths. The “crystal” quality of Sarıkamış snow (a near-constant powder) is legendary. Temperature lows can dip far below freezing (reports of –40°C are not uncommon), so prepare accordingly. Despite the cold, the period around late December to early January sees the most commemorative activity. However, avalanche risk exists off-trail, so stick to open areas or guided routes.
• Spring Awakening (April–June): As snow recedes, the park transitions into a green world. Late April and May bring bursts of wildflowers in alpine meadows and birch forests. Migratory birds begin returning, filling the air with song. Daytime temperatures rise into the teens (°C) by May. Trails muddy from snowmelt may still restrict some access until late April, but by May most paths are clear. Birdwatchers prize this season for spotting species like woodpeckers and eagles. Waterfalls swell and wildlife (bears, wolves) emerge from hibernation. Spring is a good time to hike out to the ridges before summer heat; one ecotour guide suggests May–September as the overall best window for trekking.
• Summer Exploration (July–August): Summer in Sarıkamış is relatively cool due to altitude. Highs are often in the 15–25°C range, and nights can be chilly. July and August have long daylight hours and clear skies. This is prime hiking season: virtually all 21 marked trails (totaling about 250 km) are open. Trails through Keklikdere, Komdere and Inkaya valleys lead up to alpine passes and plateaus. Camping is permitted in designated areas, where evenings bring stunning sunsets and starry skies. The park’s forests are lush green, and tourist numbers are modest (the region is still off most foreign travelers’ lists). Note that summer is also “green season” for mosquitos and ticks in the underbrush, so insect repellent is wise. Because of sudden storms, hikers should pack rain gear even on sunny mornings.
• Autumn’s Golden Hues (September–November): Fall in Sarıkamış is a burst of color before the snows. Larches and birches turn gold in September and October, and the air is crisp. This shoulder season offers clear trekking conditions (once the summer thundershowers pass) and fewer bugs. Daytime warmth persists into early October, but by November snow can return suddenly. Photographers love the contrast of frosted tree needles against a pastel sky. Golden eagles and buzzards are active as they prepare for migration. Autumn’s tranquility – after the summer crowds depart but before winter’s chill – makes it ideal for contemplative walks and observing wildlife (animal tracks stand out easily in the drying leaf litter). By late November the first snow usually arrives on the higher slopes, signaling the end of the friendly season.

Most visitors come specifically for winter sports or summer hiking. For skiing (Cıbıltepe), the official season is roughly December 20–March 20. Outside those months, the ski lifts and chalet close, though the park remains open year-round for other activities. If you wish to coincide with annual ceremonies or festivals, plan around early January (martyrs’ memorial) or February (Crystal Ice Festival on Lake Çıldır). For a quieter trip, late September can be wonderful. Overall, a rule of thumb is: summer for hiking, winter for skiing, spring and autumn for nature-watching.

How to Get to Sarıkamış: A Comprehensive Transportation Guide

Reaching Sarıkamış takes some planning, given its remote location in Turkey’s northeast highlands. The nearest major city is Kars (to the north), which is the usual transit hub. Here are the main options:

• By Air – Kars Harakani Airport (KSY): The Kars Harakani Airport is about 50 km (31 miles) from Sarıkamış town. From Istanbul or Ankara, several flights a day land at Kars (flight time ~1.5–2 hours). From the airport, there are direct shuttle buses to Sarıkamış resort during winter season. Otherwise, you can rent a car or take a taxi. Expect about a 45–60 minute drive if roads are clear. The drive winds through hilly terrain with occasional snowfields (especially outside summer). Alternatively, one can fly into Erzurum Airport (ERZ) – roughly 150 km south – and then drive north to Sarıkamış through a scenic plateau highway.
• By Train – The Eastern Express: For those preferring rail, Turkey’s famous Doğu Ekspresi (Eastern Express) is a scenic overnight train that runs from Ankara (and Istanbul) to Kars. It takes about 24–26 hours but offers cozy couchettes and epic winter vistas. Arrive in Kars by morning, then transfer to Sarıkamış. While there is no direct train line into Sarıkamış town, there is a local Sarıkamış–Kars shuttle train. This local train departs Kars once daily and takes about 1 hour, 6 minutes to cover the ~55 km distance. The tracks pass through pine forests and can be snowy in winter. Check local schedules as times vary by season. If train times don’t align, buses are plentiful.
• By Road – Bus and Car: Road access is straightforward from Kars or Erzurum. The highway connects from Kars to Sarıkamış town, then on to various park entrances. The drive from Kars city (center) to Sarıkamış is about 54–57 km (1–1.5 hours). From Erzurum to Sarıkamış is longer, roughly 134–155 km (about 2–3 hours) via a well-maintained highway. Several bus companies (e.g. Metro Turizm) run minibusses multiple times daily between Kars–Sarıkamış and Erzurum–Sarıkamış. Buses drop passengers at the Sarıkamış ski resort plaza in town. If driving, summer-time road closures are rare, but winter storms can temporarily block mountain passes. Always check road reports in snowy months. Note that no trains run directly from Erzurum to Sarıkamış; one must use bus or car from Erzurum.
• By Tour or Shuttle: Organized tour groups often include Sarıkamış as part of a larger Eastern Turkey circuit. Some adventure tour operators offer winter sports packages from Kars or Erzurum. If traveling independently, it is easy to book a private shuttle from Kars or Erzurum upon arrival; many local drivers and agencies advertise transfers online.

Once in Sarıkamış town, the park and ski slopes are adjacent to the village. Local minibus taxis (dolmuş) and small buses run from the town center to trailheads or ski lifts. Some hotels will also offer shuttle service to lifts and the cemetery. For backcountry excursions, 4×4 or taxi is often arranged since forest roads can be rough or snowy. In short, flying into Kars plus a short drive/train is the easiest, but the journey itself (by train or bus through Anatolia’s highlands) can be part of the adventure.

Navigating the Park: Entrances, Roads, and Trails

Sarıkamış-Allahüekber National Park is vast and partly rugged, but visitors have a variety of entry points and routes. The park spans a mountain range rather than one valley, so one typically drives or walks in through one of several valleys. There is no single central entrance gate – instead, any road reaching into the mountains is effectively an entrance.

According to local guides, there are at least four primary routes into the park. The most-used are valleys radiating from Sarıkamış town: the Hamamlı (east of town) and Keklikdere (northeast) routes ascend into the high parklands. Other roads lead in from neighboring villages like Büyükkabaca or Pusatlı. These mountain roads are paved up to a point but often turn to gravel beyond the ski resort area. Park rangers sometimes set up checkpoints at trailheads (especially in winter), but generally visitors can drive as far as the main lodge at Cıbıltepe or a forestry station in Hamamlı valley. Because of this open layout, a car is very useful for exploring multiple areas of the park.

Inside the park, road conditions vary. The main road to Cıbıltepe ski area is asphalt and well-cleared in winter. Other gravel roads climb into subalpine zones; these can be bumpy, especially after rainfall or snowmelt. In winter, only the road to the ski resort is reliably plowed; others may require 4WD or snow chains. Watch for posted speed limits and wildlife crossings – it is common to see deer or even wolves near the roads at dusk.

For hikers, the park boasts a network of 21 marked trails (5–32 km each) covering over 250 km. These trails are well-documented on GOTürkiye tourism maps. They typically follow the valley floors (like Keklikdere and Komdere) up to high meadows and passes on the ridge. For example, one popular hike goes from Sarıkamış town up to the Vezirkaya plateau, covering pine forests and chaparral. Trail markers (in Turkish and pictogram form) are placed at forks. Maps from the park office or local guides should be used, as cell signal is unreliable. Note that most trails are not open in high winter: until late spring they may be snowbound except for snowshoe or ski touring.

A park brochure encourages visitors to enjoy both camping and skiing onsite. There are designated camping areas (fire-ring clearings) scattered near clearings or along creeks. Some have rustic toilets and picnic tables. Campfires are only allowed in these areas and must be fully extinguished. The most convenient camping spots are near the Sarıkamış ski base (where there are even public restrooms), and in the Hamamlı forest. Scout’s honor, though: carry out all trash. For winter campers, snow tents and solid camping stoves are recommended; winter camping here can be beautiful but severe.

Overall, navigating the park requires some self-sufficiency: maps, compass (or downloaded GPS tracks), and attention to weather. That said, each year more signposts and information boards are being added. Recent initiatives by park staff and NGOs have improved trail signage, restroom facilities at key points, and interpretation panels. In summary, you can drive into Sarıkamış NP from multiple access roads, but once inside expect gravel roads and a need to plan your hikes carefully. The effort is repaid by quiet mountain vistas at every turn.

Essential Visitor Information: Opening Hours, Fees, and Regulations

Sarıkamış-Allahüekber’s status as a national park means it is managed by Turkey’s Directorate of National Parks. In practice, the park is open year-round, 24/7. There is no official “closed season” except for weather-related closures on specific roads. Entrance is largely free for most recreational visits. Unlike some parks, Sarıkamış does not require an advance permit or timed slot. However, vehicle entrance (especially to the ski lifts area) may incur a nominal fee (a few Turkish Lira for a “national parks” parking sticker or for access road maintenance). Fees tend to be very low – typically under 10 TL (roughly US$0.50) for cars. Foreign visitors should carry some Turkish currency for these small charges and for occasional checkpoints.

Regulations are standard for Turkish parks: pets must be on leash, open fires are forbidden except in designated rings, and littering is punishable. Hunting, woodcutting and poaching are strictly prohibited (enforced by park rangers). Drones require special permission from the Ministry (as the area is also of military interest). Off-road driving in forests is banned to protect the undergrowth. Daring photographers have been fined for straying outside paths to avoid damage to archeological sites. In short, treat the park with respect. Leave no trace of your visit beyond footprints in the snow.

Visitor centers or official park offices are minimal, so do not expect an American-style ranger station. The nearest helpful contacts are in Sarıkamış town itself (look for the local forestry service office) or at the ski resort’s tourist office. They can provide maps, weather updates, and emergency numbers. Mobile reception is spotty at best: some providers work in Sarıkamış village, but do not count on phone calls in the backcountry. It is wise to tell someone your itinerary and expected return time.

Before heading out, check local weather (winter storms can block mountain roads quickly). If you plan intensive activities (like overnight treks or winter mountaineering), register with park authorities or local gendarmerie. For casual day hikes or skiing, just dress warmly, bring snacks and water, and carry a headlamp. If visiting memorial sites, wear appropriate modest clothing out of respect, especially during ceremonies.

Finally, safety: Today Sarıkamış is considered safe for tourists. There have been no notable security incidents targeting visitors. The region is politically stable and far from any active conflict zones. The only real “danger” is from weather and terrain. Avalanches can occur in steep gullies (exercise caution in heavy snow). Hypothermia is a legitimate risk for unprepared visitors. Bears hibernate through winter but may emerge in spring – they tend to avoid people, though a surprise encounter is not impossible in dense forests (keep food stored and make noise on trails). Wild wolves have been spotted by cameras, but they do not attack humans. In sum, Sarıkamış is as safe as a wilderness park gets—provided you prepare for cold and altitude.

Accommodation: Where to Stay In and Around the National Park

While Sarıkamış National Park’s main draw is wilderness, travelers need a base of operations. Accommodations fall into several categories:

• Hotels at the Sarıkamış Ski Resort: The cluster of hotels around Cıbıltepe ski center offers the closest lodging. These range from rustic three-star inns to upscale ski lodges. The standout is the Sarıkamış Habitat Hotel (a ski-in/ski-out property with an excellent spa and gourmet restaurant), but there are others like the Snow Life Hotel and Lion Hill Resort. Many of these have comfortable rooms, restaurant services, saunas and Wi-Fi. Prices run higher here (especially in winter holidays), but the convenience is unbeatable—waking up on the slopes means you can ski out the door. Some hotels include free shuttle bus into Sarıkamış town if needed. Winter ski-season breakfasts here often feature local honey and cheeses (Kars is famous for its aged kaşar cheese).
• Guesthouses and Pensions in Sarıkamış Town: In the small town of Sarıkamış itself (on the edge of the park), numerous family-run pensions and boutique guesthouses offer a more local experience. These are often basic but clean: think wooden decorations, warm tile stoves, home-cooked dinners. Staying in town gives you easier access to local restaurants (including the popular Kazım Karabekir Motel which is famous among hikers). Town accommodations are generally more budget-friendly than ski hotels. English is limited, but hosts are hospitable. In summer the countryside gardens around these pensions are fragrant and green; in winter they glow with Christmas lights and wood stoves.
• Camping in and Near the Park: For the adventurous, camping is an option. As noted, there are a few official campgrounds (with pit toilets and fire rings) in the valleys. The main one is at the base of the ski slopes in Sarıkamış (suitable for snow camping if you have gear). These spots fill in summer, so arrive early or reserve through local authorities. Tents should be four-season grade if winter; summer camping is popular from July–Sept. Note: there is no cell service at deeper camps, and bears (and possibly wolves) are present in summer, so cook off-site or bear-proof your food. Some travelers car-camp along approved pull-offs. Always follow park rules on where fires are allowed.
• Accommodation Options in Kars City: About 50–60 km north lies Kars city, a larger urban center with more diverse lodging. Kars has hotels from modest (single-digit USD per night hostels) to luxury (converted Ottoman houses with restaurant rooftops). If Sarıkamış is sold out, Kars is a good alternative. Staying in Kars also allows you to explore its attractions (see “Beyond the Park” below). A daily commute via mini-bus or rental car is feasible (1–1.5 hours each way). Kars options often include hearty breakfasts of local cheese and honey, and the chance to mingle with other international tourists (Ani ruins visitors, etc.).

No matter where you stay, book in advance for peak times. The park is still relatively little-known internationally, so there are never lines of foreign tourists; rather, weekends can fill up with Turkish families or ski clubs. Read recent guest reviews to ensure the heating works (winter nights are cold!), and inquire about transfers. Some ski hotels may sell out in January due to the memorial crowds and New Year holidays. If traveling on a strict budget, consider the pensions or even homestay/Airbnb in Sarıkamış (which began appearing recently). As a final note: treat all lodging with respect for the environment. The region values sustainability, and many properties emphasize recycling and energy efficiency.

The Rich Tapestry of Flora and Fauna: A Biodiversity Hotspot

Sarıkamış-Allahüekber National Park lies at an ecological crossroads. Its altitude and climate give it a boreal, subalpine character. Coniferous forests dominate the landscape, punctuated by glades and meadows. The Scotch pine (Turkish: sarıçam, literally “yellow pine”) is a hallmark species here. These hardy pines form dense stands on the upper slopes, and they are ecologically vital: their fall foliage creates fire-retardant duff, leading to the famously “crystal snow”. Interspersed with the pines are valleys of birch, juniper scrub and some spruce at mid-elevations. Alpine meadows, alive with wildflowers in summer, crown the ridges. One visitor noted the flora: “spring arrives late, but then the hillsides bloom with gentians, anemones and orchids” (paraphrased from local hikers). In total, about 350–400 plant species have been recorded in the park’s bounds, from wild cowslips in sunny glades to a small endemic lupine on a hidden slope.

Many of these plants have medicinal or cultural uses; locals gather herbs such as rosemary (Dağ kekik) and wild mountain tea during summer. Forest wild berries (blueberry and cranberry relatives) are common. The tree line in Sarıkamış is around 2,800 m; above it lie short thickets and then bare rock and grass. Above 3,000 m, only lichens and a few specialized sedges cling to life. For nature-lovers, the changing seasons paint the park in colors: emerald pines in summer, golden birches in fall, and ghostly white by winter.

The fauna is equally rich. Large carnivores thrive here. Indeed, long-term monitoring with camera traps has confirmed that wolves, brown bears and lynx roam the park’s deep forests. These are not mythical whispers but actual inhabitants: Brown bears (Ursus arctos) emerge from hibernation in spring to feed on berries and roots, trekking from valley to valley. Grey wolves hunt in packs through the conifers. The Caucasian lynx (a subspecies of Eurasian lynx) – a secretive cat camouflaged in the winter snow – preys on wild goats and mountain hares. Even the elusive bezoar goat (wild goat) clambers along the ragged ridgelines (though goat numbers are lower than in some neighboring ranges, they are present on steep crags). The park has become a refuge for these top predators precisely because it remained relatively undisturbed; an 18-year camera study (initiated in 2006) captured multiple lynx, wolves and bears regularly. A tracking researcher noted with pride, “Sarıkamış is priority #1 for us – its forests with yellow pine are prime habitat for bears and lynx.”

Other mammals complete the tapestry: red deer and roe deer browse the lower forests and meadows. Flocks of wild boar root through undergrowth, especially in oak groves near Sarıkamış town. Smaller carnivores – red foxes, jackals, and the occasional golden jackal – are ubiquitous. Marten and weasel species flit in the shadows. Hibernating in underground dens, weasels, hedgehogs and even vipers survive the winter. In spring, fields may burst with hares, and rodents – from hamsters to field mice – scurry in every grassy nook. A 2021 wildlife report also noted otters on mountain streams, showing the park’s waters support life too.

Birdlife here is surprisingly abundant, given the cold winters. Raptors dominate the sky: golden eagles and Eurasian buzzards circle the ridges year-round. In spring and summer, the treetops and clearings resound with woodpeckers, jays and the song of warblers. The Caucasian black grouse – a striking mountain grouse – dances on the alpine moors each spring. Forest owls (tawny and eagle-owl) hunt at dusk. Wet meadows at lower elevations attract cranes and storks on migration. Notably, the park lies on an important bird migration flyway; bird researchers have ringed numerous species here. In winter, one can sometimes see flocks of fieldfares and waxwings feeding on mountain ash berries. A recent birding guide lists over 100 species of birds in the park, from woodpeckers and pheasants to occasional vultures soaring above the cold peaks.

A brown bear peers through a stand of Scotch pine in Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park. This high-altitude forest is home to large carnivores – brown bears, wolves, lynx and wild boar – and a refuge for many other mammals.

Indeed, one recent survey used motion-sensitive cameras in the park’s yellow pine forests, capturing wolves, lynx, wild boars, rabbits and brown bears. Such studies underscore that Sarıkamış supports a full ecosystem of predator and prey. The only notable absent large animals are pumas or lynx (which don’t inhabit Turkey) and rare steppe antelopes (suitable habitat is absent). But the presence of near-top predators like bear indicates a healthy system. Conservationists list Sarıkamış as part of the Greater Caucasus wildlife corridor linking to Artvin; its forests connect to even more remote habitats, allowing gene flow for these mammals.

For birders, photographic buffs, and nature lovers, the park’s fauna offers year-round intrigue. Birdwatchers might encounter the local speciality Caucasian black grouse dancing at dawn, or track the winter footprints of a lone wolf in the snow. Photographers rejoice in the sharp clarity of the light; one traveler noted that every photo in winter looks like a black-and-white landscape, as the fresh “crystal” snow and dark pines create high contrast. In summer, butterflies emerge (especially Persian fritillaries) and red deer stags bugle in hidden valleys. The diversity is not generic – Sarıkamış sits at the edge of multiple eco-regions, so you feel as if you have the best of Caucasus highlands, eastern Anatolian steppe-edge and subalpine Europe, all rolled into one.

Altogether, experts credit over 600 plant and animal species (with 75 mammals and 107 birds documented) in this park. This richness, in a landscape that can be harsh and remote, speaks to how little human development has intruded. Today, as one park planner said, Sarıkamış serves as a “refuge for a remarkable variety of resilient wildlife” in eastern Anatolia. When visiting, it is wise to keep binoculars and a camera ready. But it is equally essential to tread lightly – much of this tapestry relies on conservation efforts.

Things to Do: Activities for Every Type of Traveler

Sarıkamış-Allahüekber offers a compelling menu of activities, whether you’re a thrill-seeking skier, a contemplative hiker, a wildlife enthusiast, or someone seeking cultural insight. Below is a sampling of the park’s best pursuits, categorized by season and interest:

• Winter Sports at Sarıkamış Ski Center (Cıbıltepe): The ski slopes here are a major draw. With average snow depth around 1–1.5 meters between late December and mid-March, Sarıkamış is prized for “crystal snow” – low-moisture, fine-grained powder that stays light and prevents icy hard-pack. The resort has nine ski runs totaling over 25 km, accessible by high-speed lifts (two chairlifts plus a T-bar). Runs vary from beginner green slope (at 2,400 m altitude) to steep black runs like the famed “Track for the Crazy” (downhill from 2,900 m with a 28% gradient). Ski schools are available in Sarıkamış town and at the base. Equipment rental shops line the resort plaza. For cross-country enthusiasts, a 5 km marked track winds through pine woods, registered with the International Ski Federation. For snowboarders, there are ungroomed freeride zones off some lifts. Safety patrols (including mountain rescue) cover the main slopes during season. After skiing, the resort village offers heated chalets and après-ski amenities: local cuisine in wooden restaurants (try the trout or cağ kebab), spa treatments, and even night skiing on some holiday weekends.
• Cross-Country Skiing and Snowshoeing: Beyond the lifts, the park’s gentle valleys make excellent terrain for Nordic skiing or trekking on snowshoes. Trails such as Keklikdere Valley are groomed by local guides for ski tourers. Cross-country skiers can glide for kilometers along forest trails and frozen streams. Snowshoe walks along marked memorial paths (leading to the martyrs’ sculptures) combine remembrance with recreation. Some tour operators organize guided ski tours: for example, one adventure outfit offers a two-day ski-trekking trip to Allahuekber summit. Always hire a guide or get a route plan if venturing far in snow; weather can change rapidly.
• Hiking and Trekking in the Allahuekber Mountains: In summer and autumn, hiking is the park’s standout activity. Popular trails include:
  • The Keklikdere loop: starting at the ski resort car park, this hike ascends through pine forest to an alpine plateau at ~2,600 m, with views of distant peaks.
  • The Komdere trail: enters from the northeast and follows Komdere River to an old Ottoman military fort ruins, then loops back.
  • The Şehitler (Martyrs) loop: combining historical sites with nature, this trail links several cemetery and memorial locations.
  • Longer treks: ambitious hikers can traverse from Hamamlı Valley (east side) to Sarıkamış town in one long day, or overnight at a forestry lodge at 2,500 m.
    Trails are well-marked by painted blazes or signposts. They range from easy 2–3 hour walks (through forest to viewpoint) to strenuous 8–10 hour climbs (to ridges above 3,000 m). Given the park’s wilderness, trekkers should carry GPS and prepare for altitude. Park rangers advise starting early (sunset comes quickly in mountains) and bringing at least 2 liters of water per person. Hiking clubs frequently organize group treks; solo hikers should inform someone of their route.
• Guided Nature Tours and Birdwatching: For a deeper experience, consider a guided wildlife tour. Local naturalists (often from the KuzeyDoğa Association) offer birdwatching excursions and tracking workshops. Typical tours include looking for eagle nests and grey wolf signs. In recent years, the park has also allowed limited ecotourism programs where visitors join scientific bird banding projects. In spring or fall migration, group tours to watch common cranes or golden eagles can be arranged. If going solo, bring binoculars: early mornings are best for animal sightings. If you’re quiet, you might glimpse a deer family or catch the flash of a Eurasian jay among the trees.
• Historical Exploration: Aside from Somur’s central cemetery, the park contains about eight smaller war memorials scattered along the routes, each dedicated to units or events of the battle. One marked route leads to the “Kemaleğen” shelter (on the ridge), reputedly the farthest advance of Ottoman troops, where a small obelisk stands. Walking these routes, one can reflect on the war’s scale: signs often quote casualty figures or survivor memoirs. In Sarıkamış town itself, the Kars museum has an exhibit on the campaign. For complete context, visitors should pair park visits with a stop at Sarıkamış Military Museum in Kars city, which houses uniforms, weapons and letters from the front.
• Camping and Picnicking in Designated Areas: Summer picnickers will find a handful of rustic picnic shelters in scenic meadows. These are mostly self-service – bring charcoal if grilling. Water taps are rare, so carry drinking water. Family groups often set up tents at designated campsites for a night under the stars. Note that wild camping outside official spots is not allowed, as it might disturb wildlife or the sanctity of cemetery zones.
• Stargazing in the Clear Mountain Skies: One of the quieter joys of Sarıkamış is its night sky. The park is far from light pollution, and on clear nights the Milky Way arches vividly overhead. In late summer, Perseid meteor showers are spectacular here. Locals report that past midnight, one can see the Northern Lights on rare occasions (Kazakhstan and Arctic as far north as Russia sometimes spill geomagnetic activity into these latitudes). For astronomy buffs, setting up a tent on a ridge-top is rewarding. Frost settles quickly after dark, however, so bundling up is essential.

Across all these activities, a few general tips apply. Always dress in layers – mountain weather changes quickly. During summer hikes, sunburn can be severe at altitude, and snowfields remain well into June near the high passes, so trekking poles and gore-tex boots help. In winter, carry avalanche gear if going off-piste, and beware of hidden crevasses near ravines. Hiring a local guide is recommended for extended trips. For families, note there are no theme parks or beaches here – the draw is raw nature and history. However, even children find the solemn story of the martyrs compelling, and many families enjoy simple sledding or short forest walks in winter. Overall, Sarıkamış requires engagement with the outdoors; its reward is the sense of profound wildness and connection to the past that few destinations can match.

The Sarıkamış Ski Resort: A Detailed Guide

The Sarıkamış Ski Resort (locally called “Cıbıltepe”) sits right on the national park’s northwestern edge and deserves special attention. It has become Turkey’s premier eastern ski center due to unique conditions. The resort is centered on Mount Cıbıltepe (2,634 m) and the adjacent peak Bayraktepe. Notably, the south-facing Cıbıltepe has an incline of 28% on one run, while Bayraktepe offers gentler slopes. Altogether the resort features nine groomed runs exceeding 25 km in length. The total vertical drop (from top to bottom) is nearly 700 meters.

Local lore emphasizes the snow: Sarıkamış is sometimes compared to famed Alpine resorts because its snow is exceptionally dry and fine. Scientists attribute this to the pure conifer forest air (trees filter moisture) and the fact that snow there can remain powdery even after sunny days. In fact, ski racing clubs and national teams sometimes train here to practice on high quality snow. The Park’s own brochure touts “large crystal snowflakes” and an unchanging white blanket, even in sunshine. Average snow depth during season is around one meter, and the ski season officially runs roughly Nov 15 – Apr 15 (though optimal skiing is Dec–Mar).

Chairlifts and T-bars carry skiers up the mountain efficiently. There are two modern quad chairlifts (computer-operated with heated grips) that move 2,400 people per hour. One lift runs from the base to the mid-mountain station amidst pine trees – this gentler first stage is ideal for beginners. At the mid-station (2,200 m), a second lift carries riders up to the summit (2,900 m). From there, skiers can take four different runs down, offering panoramic views of Allahuekber and Aladağ peaks. Besides chairs, there is one T-bar lift and two four-person button lifts serving the beginner slopes. All in all, lift infrastructure is comparable to mid-tier European resorts.

For lessons and gear: the resort village has at least two ski schools with English-speaking instructors. Equipment rental shops offer modern skis, boards and snow boots. Rental prices are moderate by European standards. Note that in high season, gear can run out at peak times, so pre-booking (or arriving early) is advised. Refreshments are available at several points: cafés at the mid-mountain station (with views down valley), and a charming stone “mountain inn” at the summit (offering tea and soup). Night skiing is rare but does occur during peak holidays, when the lower slopes are lit.

Off the main slopes, there are groomed cross-country tracks (a 5 km loop) for classic skiing or snowshoeing. Families often rent snow tubes to sled on gentle hills near the resort base. For après-ski and lodging: besides hotels and pensions (as covered above), the resort area has two full-service yurts (traditional-style pavilions) for hot meals, one of which hosts live folk music on weekend nights. The resort’s nightlife is low-key: Turkish coffee and tea cafes, plus one pub playing Anatolian music. Important: the entire ski area lies within the park, so even skiers hear occasional distant bugle calls or memorial bells in the evening.

Beyond skiing, Sarıkamış resort serves as a gateway to the rest of the park. Many hiking trails begin here (e.g. up to Karanlıkdere or connecting to the forest road network). Visitors staying at the resort can easily join guided snowshoe treks into the park. In winter, wildlife trackers sometimes hire snowmobiles from Sarıkamış base to reach deep forest zones (though these are usually local guides only).

In summary, Sarıkamış Ski Center combines reliable snow and mountain beauty. Its infrastructure is modern and extensive for the region, and it often enjoys clearer, colder conditions than lower-altitude Turkish resorts (like those near Ankara or Istanbul). As one local enthusiast put it: “The snow here sparkles differently”. For any ski traveller, Cıbıltepe offers a uniquely Eastern Anatolian alpine experience.

Beyond the Park: Exploring the Surrounding Kars Province

Sarıkamış itself is only part of the story. The broader Kars region adds historical depth and cultural flavor to any visit. A drive of an hour or two unveils cities, ruins and plateaus steeped in civilizations.

The Historic City of Kars

Kars city (capital of Kars Province) is about 55 km north of Sarıkamış ski resort. It is a small city by international standards (population ~75,000) but packed with layers of history. Its location on the Armenian border has made it a crossroads. Travelers find a “blend of rugged landscapes and a rich mixture of history and culture”. Kars’s architecture is particularly notable: Ottoman mosques stand beside Russian-era stone palaces and Armenian churches. For example, the city’s Sinop Railway Station (now a cafe) is a wooden Russian structure dating from the 1890s. In the late 19th century, Kars was briefly occupied by the Russian Empire, and that legacy remains visible in broad boulevards and red-brick buildings. Walking the town, one feels as if the Ottoman, Seljuk, Mongol and Russian epochs have all overlapped.

Key sites in Kars include:

• Kars Castle: Dominating the city skyline, this 12th-century fortress was built by a Seljuk vizier. It perches atop a rocky hill, and visitors can hike or drive to a cafe on the summit. From there one gets panoramic views of the city and distant Sarıkamış hills. Inside the castle walls are caravanserais and cisterns, a reminder of Kars’s medieval role on trade routes.
• Historic Mosques and Churches: Within the city center, the Ebul Menuçehr Mosque (1072 AD) is one of Anatolia’s oldest Turkish mosques, remarkable for its brickwork and carved plaster ceilings. The former Armenian cathedral (now Fethiye Mosque) was built circa 990 AD and showcases monumental stone architecture. The preserved churches of Tigran Honents and Holy Apostles (Keçelik Church) testify to the ancient Armenian presence. Visiting these sites is like walking through a medieval chapter of Anatolia.
• Anthropology Museum: Housed in a handsome 19th-century Russian barracks, Kars’s museum has artifacts from all its past – Kura-Araxes pottery from 3000 BC to Russo-Turkish war weapons. It also contains displays on the Sarıkamış battle, connecting visitors back to the park’s theme. A visit here provides context on the diverse peoples of the region: Turks, Kurds, Terekeme (Turkmen), Old Believer Malakans, and the exiled Doukhobors – all of whom have left a cultural imprint.
• Central Market and Cuisine: Kars’s markets are a must for experiencing local color. In one bazaar you might find handwoven kilims, honey ladles, wool textiles from the plateau villages. But especially prominent is the food: cheese and goose. The province is famous for its aged kaşar cheese and Kars-style gruyère. Honey from the surrounding flora (mountain thyme, buckwheat, etc.) is also sought after. The oddest local specialty is sunka, a winter-preserved goose meat: geese are slaughtered and boiled in salt, then hung to dry; it’s then roasted or added to rice pilaf. (Visitors can see sunka in shops or sometimes offered in restaurants.) Other dishes include piti (a hearty lamb-and-chickpea stew) and evelik soup (made from a local green called evelik). One journalist describes Kars cuisine as “Anatolia mixed with Central Asian and Caucasian flavors”. Indeed, the cuisine reflects the cultural mosaic of the city. Don’t miss trying a glass of local fruit brandy (böğürtlen rakısı) or Kars honey poured over kaymak (clotted cream) for dessert.

Evening entertainment in Kars has become more vibrant in recent years. Traditional music groups (men playing long-necked bağlama lutes) perform in cafes. Modern restaurants offer everything from köfte (meatballs) to pizzas (locals experiment with French and Italian influences, a legacy of Russian cuisine). For travelers, Kars can be a comfortable overnight stop with many hotel choices, especially if Sarıkamış is fully booked. It also offers conveniences like car rental companies, modern pharmacies, and banks.

The Ancient City of Ani: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

About 45 km east of Kars lies Ani, one of the Silk Road’s greatest archaeological treasures. Often called “the City of 1001 Churches,” Ani was the medieval capital of an Armenian kingdom. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2016 and lies just across the Akhurian (Arpaçay) river in ruins. Even in decay, Ani is awe-inspiring. The site occupies a 78-hectare plateau with precipitous sides (natural fortification). Entrance is through the famous Lion’s (Middle) Gate. Once inside, you can wander among more than 20 standing structures: the Fethiye Mosque (an Armenian cathedral converted to a mosque), the Monastery of the Virgin (Armenian chapel), a Seljuk caravanserai, and remnants of city walls 4.5 km long. Ani’s Great Cathedral (completed 1001 AD) is a highlight: its soaring stone arches and cross-stone (khachkar) carvings are exceptionally preserved. Don’t miss the Church of St. Gregory (Hripsimian) with its concentric dome. From the city walls you see the wide Arpaçay valley: legend says Ani sat along the Silk Road, linking markets of Asia and Europe.

Ani is a solemn, windswept place. Temperatures here can be more extreme than in Kars, so dress in layers. In winter, the ruins are swept by snow, making them eerily beautiful but treacherous to walk. In warm months, keep hydrated – the only water is at the entrance kiosk. Guides are available at the gate to explain inscriptions and fresco remnants. Plan at least 2–3 hours to explore; it’s a photographer’s dream, especially at sunrise or in snow. For a dip into history, visiting Ani is a vital complement to Sarıkamış, as it shows a broader tapestry of regional heritage beyond the military narrative.

Lake Çıldır: Frozen Beauty in Winter

Straddling the Kars–Ardahan border, Lake Çıldır is another spectacular natural site worth a day trip. It is the largest freshwater lake in Eastern Anatolia (surface area ~123 km²) and lies at about 1,950 m elevation. The best-known attraction is the winter phenomenon: each December the lake freezes solid, becoming a playground on ice. By mid-winter the ice can exceed half a meter thick. This invites unusual activities: visitors cycle on the ice, as the district government provides special-biked rides on the frozen lake. One can also try ice fishing – mainly for the famous Yellow Carp, a fatty trout that is highly prized as a local delicacy. Fishing huts on the ice dot the surface, and crowds sometimes gather to pull nets.

For thrill-seekers, there are even snowmobile rentals from nearby Taşbaş Village (Ardahan side). Walking on the clear ice – which can look like glass blending into the horizon – is said to be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Safety note: the lake tourism board usually marks safe paths for these activities. If traveling in February, the Lake Çıldır Golden Horse Crystal Ice Festival is famous (though COVID caused suspensions). This multi-day event features horse-sled races, ice-skating shows, wrestling on ice and musical performances. It’s a festive time when locals welcome visitors to taste smoked fish, local honey, and hearty stews on the ice.

In warmer months Çıldır is no less attractive: its waters are emerald green, bordered by meadows with yurt camps on the Ardahan side. Fishing boats and flocks of ducks ply the water. Lakeside villages like Akçakale have quaint wooden houses with smoked fish drying on racks. The road around the lake is scenic; August brings wildflowers in the highlands. Kars–Akyaka (east shore) is 50 km from Sarıkamış, a scenic drive through rolling steppe. Photographers relish the contrast of frozen lake under blue sky or sunrise.

Local Cuisine: What to Eat in Kars and Sarıkamış

No exploration is complete without sampling Kars Region cuisine, which is a highlight in itself. The area’s cold climate and diverse heritage have produced hearty foods:

• Kars Kaşar Cheese: This is the culinary icon of Kars. A semi-hard yellow cheese made from sheep’s milk (similar to cheddar/gruyère). It is aged for months; when grilled or melted it stretches like mozzarella. Try it in toast kaşarlı pide or simply grilled with honey. The annual “cheese festival” in August celebrates this cheese.
• Honey and Dairy: Wildflower honeys (sunflower, thyme, buckwheat) are abundant. Local farmers often serve cheese platters with honey drizzled on top. Yogurt (yoğurt) dishes – including a potato-and-yogurt soup – are common winter starters.
• Kars Sunka (Goose): As noted, sunka is unique to Kars. It appears in holiday feasts and as a sandwich filling. Don’t be alarmed by the gamey odor – it is considered a delicacy. Locals often eat small amounts because it is salted and cured.
• Evelik Soup: A local green (shepherd’s purse) is made into a thick soup called evelik çorbası; it is said to cure winter chills.
• Piti: A famous local stew cooked overnight in clay pots, with lamb, chickpeas, potatoes and chestnuts. Diners break the pot and eat it at the table with flatbread and pickles.
• Meat Dishes: The region is essentially a carnivore’s dream. From kuzu tandır (slow-roasted lamb) to Orman kebabı (forest kebab, using various game meats and vegetables), meat dominates menus. Cafés in Sarıkamış will also serve Turkish classics: grilled fish (trout is common), kebap varieties, and dolma (stuffed vegetables). For dessert, don’t miss hoşmerim, a sweet made of cheese and semolina.

Dining in Sarıkamış town offers the chance to meet locals. In winter, think hearty stews, salads with ayran (yogurt drink), and tea in tulip glasses by the stove. In the summer, riverside picnic cafés (mesire alanı) allow outdoor grilling of kabobs. Whatever you choose, expect generous portions and friendly conversation – visitors often report that even out-of-season a shopkeeper will cheerfully let you try a bit of local produce.

Conservation and Future of the Park

As interest in Sarıkamış grows, so does the focus on conserving its natural and cultural treasures. Park managers face familiar pressures: increasing visitor numbers (especially on winter weekends), illegal logging in outlying areas, and human-wildlife conflict (bears sometimes raid beehives or livestock). Yet several initiatives stand out:

• Sarıkamış-Kars-Artvin Wildlife Corridor: We mentioned this flagship project, Turkey’s first wildlife corridor. By reforesting key tracts between Sarıkamış and Artvin’s Karagöl-Shavşat forests, the project will create a continuous 81 km forest belt for animals. Once complete, wolves and bears in Sarıkamış can roam all the way to the Caucasus Mountains. Already about two-thirds of the corridor area is forested, requiring only one-third to be planted with trees. This promises long-term viability for the park’s fauna beyond its borders.
• Park Management and Education: In recent years, authorities have improved on-site facilities: at several trailheads one finds solar-powered lights and informational kiosks. Educational programs in local schools teach children about the park’s birds and history. Volunteer groups organize regular cleanup hikes. Notably, the park’s online presence has grown – official pages now update on winter road conditions and wildlife sightings. The “Sarıkamış Association” (a local NGO) offers guided eco-tours that reinvest fees into conservation.
• Research and Monitoring: The KuzeyDoğa Association and universities continue wildlife surveys. The photo-trap data (for example, [4]) is now used to track population trends of wolves and lynx. There are discussions about setting aside some parts of the park as strict nature reserves (off-limits to recreation) to protect sensitive species like lynx. Projects have been proposed to restore degraded meadows near the resort (seeding native grasses to combat erosion from sled runs).
• Threats to Address: Deforestation outside the core park is the largest concern. Illegal tree cutting for fuel has been an issue in some valleys; enforcement has stepped up recently. Road-building (to villages) has fragmented habitat in places. Tourism, while far lower here than in western parks, is increasing; plans for ski-area expansion and more hotels (partly to meet demand) are controversial. The local governments are trying to channel growth into Sarıkamış town rather than carving new developments in forests. Climate change is a longer-term worry: warmer winters might shorten the ski season and alter wildlife behavior. Park studies are tracking snowpack trends and planning adaptive measures (like installing snowmaking at key ski runs as a contingency).

As travelers, one can help Sarıkamış’s future by following “leave no trace” principles, supporting local conservation (e.g. buying from local cooperatives, donating to research groups), and spreading awareness that this park is fragile. With careful stewardship, Sarıkamış-Allahüekber can remain a sanctuary of history and nature. The vision is to keep it both a living memorial and a living ecosystem – where the pine forests breathe, the rivers flow, and the stories of the past continue to be told by wind across the snow.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the history of the Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park?
The park’s territory is famed for the WWI Battle of Sarıkamış (Dec 1914–Jan 1915), where tens of thousands of Ottoman soldiers perished in winter combat with Russian forces. To honor them, Turkey established the national park on Oct 19, 2004. The park thus merges conservation with commemoration, protecting forests and memorial sites. Its very creation was meant as a “lasting tribute” to the soldiers. The landscape – snow-draped peaks and pine woods – is largely as it was a century ago, imprinted by that tragic history.

Why is the Battle of Sarıkamış important?
The battle is remembered as a catastrophic defeat for the Ottoman Empire on the Caucasus Front. Ottoman troops attempted a winter assault to recapture Kars from Russia but were ill-equipped for the climate. It is estimated that 60,000–90,000 soldiers died, mostly from freezing. The event became a symbol of national sacrifice: each January, Turks honor the Sarıkamış martyrs in ceremonies. The park’s memorials (cemeteries, statues) serve as a tangible reminder of that ordeal.

What animals live in the Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park?
The park is exceptionally biodiverse. It supports large carnivores such as the Caucasian lynx, gray wolf, and brown bear. Roaming in the forests are also red foxes, jackals and wild boar. Ungulates include red deer and roe deer, and up on rocky heights, the mountain-dwelling bezoar goat. Smaller mammals like martens, hares and hedgehogs also thrive. Birdlife is rich: golden eagles, common buzzards and forest owls are common, and the park shelters migratory species as well. Authorities list over 75 mammal species and 107 bird species here. In spring, watch the meadows for grouse and crag finches; in winter, keep an eye out for raptors soaring or the fresh tracks of a lynx in the snow.

What is the best time to visit Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park?
That depends on your interests. For skiing and winter scenery, visit from December through March. This is when the park is a snowy wonderland, and the ski resort is fully open. If instead you want to hike wildflower valleys, aim for late spring to early summer (May–June) – trails will be clear and weather mild. Summer (July–August) brings full bloom and clear skies for trekking the 250+ km of trails. Autumn (Sept–Oct) offers beautiful foliage and crisp air. Winters are cold (down to –40°C), but adventurous travelers find it rewarding. Some guidebooks actually recommend May–September as the overall “best” window for trekking in the park, but as always check local weather.

Can you ski in Sarıkamış?
Yes. The Sarıkamış Ski Center (Cıbıltepe) is a year-round facility within the park. It has 25 km of groomed runs with two main chairlifts. The resort is especially noted for its “crystal snow” – unusually dry, fine powder preserved by the local forests. You will find ski rental shops, schools, and ski cafes. Apart from downhill, there are cross-country tracks and snowshoe routes. Typically the lifts operate from late November through mid-April, with peak season in January–February. Even if you don’t ski, a ride on the lift to the ridge summit rewards with panoramic mountain views.

How to get to Sarıkamış-Allahüekber Mountains National Park?
Fly to Kars Harakani Airport (KSY) or Erzurum Airport (ERZ). From Kars, it’s about a 1-hour drive (50–60 km) south to Sarıkamış. Regular shuttle buses meet flights at Kars. Trains: Take the Eastern Express to Kars station; then a local train or bus to Sarıkamış (the local train takes ~1h6m). By road: Coaches connect Kars and Erzurum to Sarıkamış town. Driving yourself is easy via highways (Sarıkamış is ~55 km from Kars, ~155 km from Erzurum). In winter, allow extra time for snowy roads. Within Sarıkamış, local minibuses run to park areas (especially during ski season).

Are there accommodations near the national park?
Yes. The Sarıkamış ski resort area has several mountain hotels and chalets (e.g. Sarıkamış Habitat Hotel, Snowland Otel) that cater to skiers. Sarıkamış town itself offers pensions and guesthouses (family-run inns) at moderate prices. Camping is possible in designated park sites. About 60 km north, Kars city provides many more hotels and hostels if needed. Booking ahead in winter holidays is wise. Most lodgings are traditional in style; expect thick carpets, samovar tea service, and locally sourced breakfasts (often featuring Kars cheese and honey).

What other activities are there to do in the Sarıkamış region?
Beyond the park itself, Kars Province offers cultural and natural attractions. In the city of Kars, visit the 12th-century Kars Castle and the ancient 13th millennium BC settlement on the city’s heights. A short drive brings you to Ani Ruins, the medieval UNESCO site (40 minutes east) with over 20 standing churches and a famed cathedral. Nature lovers will enjoy Lake Çıldır (frozen in winter) – in winter you can cycle on ice and taste the local yellow carp. Don’t miss tasting Kars specialties (sunka goose, kaşar cheese, honey) at local eateries. Also consider side trips to Ardahan’s hot springs or the lush Madavans Plateau (famous for forests and a monastery) – both are within 100 km.

Is Sarıkamış worth visiting?
In short: yes, for its unique combination of solemn history and unspoiled nature. The park is still a hidden gem in Turkey; its solitude and scenic beauty are rarely matched. Travelers who venture here speak of feeling humbled by the endless pine forests and sky-high silence. The historical context adds depth: you are literally walking through a national narrative. Practical travelers note that the region is safe and the infrastructure (hotels, roads) is improving, so comfort can be found alongside adventure. For those who cherish landscapes where mountains meet memory, Sarıkamış is indeed worth the journey.

What is the significance of the Allahuekber Mountains?
The Allahuekber range – so named for the war cry “Allahu akbar” – gained national significance because of the Sarıkamış battle. Its high, snow-bound passes were the stage of the Ottoman disaster. Every peak and ridge here is a monument in itself. Today the mountains are also significant ecologically, as they form part of the Pontic chain and host rare wildlife. In modern Turkish culture, remembering Allahuekber is akin to remembering a national sacrifice. A statue unveiled in Sarıkamış in 2022 memorializes the soldiers who froze here. Thus, the mountains are “significant” both as geography and as symbol – sacred to history and alive with nature.