Located in the rugged hills of northwest Ankara Province, Mount Sarıçalı National Park (Sarıçalı Dağı Milli Parkı) is Turkey’s newest national park and a quietly compelling destination. Officially declared a national park on 27 October 2021, Sarıçalı (meaning “barberry bush” in Turkish) rises to 1,740–1,750 meters and boasts steep limestone ridges, ancient forests, and a dramatic waterfall. In many ways Sarıçalı is a “steppe island” – a mix of Central Anatolian and Black Sea influences – rich in endemic plants and wildlife but still little known outside Turkey. This guide explains why Sarıçalı merits a place among Ankara’s crown jewels of nature. It will describe the park’s significance and unique character, outline its cultural history, explain how to reach and explore it, and delve into its ecology, geology, and visitor services. By the end, readers will have a complete picture of what to expect, how to prepare, and why this quiet mountain outpost has become a draw for hikers, families, birdwatchers, and naturalists alike.

Mount Sarıçalı’s designation as Turkey’s 46th national park underscores its ecological and scenic value. It is now one of three national parks in Ankara Province (alongside Soğuksu and Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi). The park was proclaimed largely to protect its mixed pine-oak forests and high-altitude steppe grasslands, and to secure a pristine habitat for the many plants and animals found here. Locally, it has even been called a “living museum” of ancient trees. In fact, the forest contains roughly 600 monumental conifers and oaks – venerable pines, larches and Kasnak oaks some 700–800 years old. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) herd through the woods, alongside wolves, wild boar, foxes, brown bears and other wildlife. The dramatic Uyuzsuyu Waterfall (also known as Ilıca Şelalesi) tumbles down 50–60 meters into a forested canyon below. All these elements give Sarıçalı a strong natural appeal, while its location – roughly 185 km from Ankara and 310 km from Istanbul – makes it an accessible retreat from the city.

The History and Cultural Heritage of Mount Sarıçalı National Park

Although Sarıçalı National Park’s borders were drawn only in 2021, the human story of the Nallıhan region runs deep. Archaeologists have found evidence that ancient peoples – from the Hittites and Phrygians to the Romans and Byzantines – traversed these hills. A key reason is that the area sits along a historic east–west trade route through central Anatolia. In Ottoman times, for example, a caravanserai was built nearby by Grand Vizier Damat Nasuh Pasha in 1599, providing shelter for travelers. The district today takes its name from that inn (“han”). By the late Ottoman period, Nallıhan was also known for its thriving itinerant saint traditions. The tomb of Tapduk Emre – the 13th-century mystic who tutored the poet Yunus Emre – lies in a village here, reflecting a spiritual heritage. Sultan Bayezid II even endowed charitable lodges (imarets) in the district during the late 1400s. These layers of history offer a sense that Sarıçalı’s wild areas were long recognized as a valuable crossroads – both physically and culturally – in Anatolia.

However, for most of its history Mount Sarıçalı remained a highland borderland used mainly for grazing and timber, rather than settlement. The area’s dense forests and steep slopes meant only scattered hamlets (and seasonal shepherd huts) existed near its summit. In recent decades the local economy centered on forestry, beekeeping and the cultivation of hardy grains. It was only in the late 20th century that authorities began to see Sarıçalı’s conservation potential. In 2006, a cluster of old trees just south of the mountain was officially declared a “Tree Museum” (Anıt Ağaç Müzesi) by Ankara conservation officials – a clear prelude to further protection.

The push to formalize protection gained momentum in the 2010s. Local conservationists documented Sarıçalı’s many endemic flowers and noted its importance as a wildlife refuge. In October 2021, the Turkish government issued a presidential decree establishing Sarıçalı Dağı as a national park – making it our country’s 46th and Ankara’s third. By law its area (1,024 hectares, or about 10.24 km²) was set aside “to protect its virgin forest structure and rich fauna” (in official phrasing). The park was gazetted that month and the decree was published in the Official Gazette on 28 October 2021. This rapid action reflected growing awareness: in May 2022, officials even held a planning workshop (including Ankara MPs, local leaders and NGO representatives) on Sarıçalı’s future management.

Today, Sarıçalı’s new national-park status links back into the long story of Anatolian guardianship. As one local leader noted at the 2022 workshop, the park’s trails, rich wildlife, the Uyuzsuyu Waterfall and vistas for nature photography combine to make it “an important asset” for the region. In practical terms, the decree means Sarıçalı now joins Turkey’s network of protected areas, overseen by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry’s Nature Protection agency (DKMP). It also means a full “Long Term Development Plan” will be drawn up to guide sustainable tourism and conservation efforts. In short, Sarıçalı has officially stepped out of obscurity. Yet in keeping with its heritage as a quiet borderland, the mountain still retains a wild, unhurried character – hardly the sort of place one expects of a national park. For visitors, this sense of a land that time forgot is part of the park’s unique appeal.

When was Mount Sarıçalı declared a national park?

Mount Sarıçalı was formally declared a national park by Presidential decree on 27 October 2021. The decree was published in the official gazette (Resmî Gazete) on 28 October 2021. This made Sarıçalı Dağı Milli Parkı Turkey’s 46th national park and the third in Ankara Province. The protected area encompasses 1,024 hectares (about 10.24 km²) around the summit, preserving its forests, meadowlands and landmark features.

Getting to Mount Sarıçalı National Park: Where It Is and How to Get There

The Geographical Location of Mount Sarıçalı National Park

Mount Sarıçalı (Sarıçalı Dağı) rises to roughly 1,750 meters near the villages of Çulhalar and Karacasu, in Nallıhan district of Ankara Province. It occupies a remote corner of the Central Anatolian “transition zone” – a hilly fringe bridging the Anatolian plateau to the south with the cooler, wetter Black Sea-influenced zone to the north. In practical terms, the park lies about 25 kilometers northwest of Nallıhan town center and 185 km from central Ankara. To the southeast is the vast agricultural valley of the Sakarya River; to the northwest are rounded hills leading toward Bolu and the Western Black Sea region. The global coordinates of Sarıçalı’s peak are roughly 40°14′N 31°17′E.

Panoramic view from Mount Sarıçalı, capturing dense forests and rolling steppe hills (image: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA).

From Ankara, two main routes lead to Nallıhan/Nallihan. The faster is to take the Ankara–Eskişehir highway (O-4/E90) west to Polatlı, then branch south through the western Ankara plains toward Nallıhan. Another common route is via Kızılcahamam–Beypazarı to Nallıhan. Either way, once in the Nallıhan district you must turn north onto a local road for the final 25 km to Sarıçalı. In practice the last stretch follows winding highland roads through villages like Yakapınar and Çulhalar before reaching the forested slopes of Sarıçalı Mountain. As one route description notes: “Take the D-140 highway north from Nallıhan town, then after ~5 km turn west onto the asphalt road to Yakapınar, Çulhalar, Aydoğmuş and Döğmeci villages” – all of which lie along the approach to the park.

For travelers coming from farther away, Sarıçalı is surprisingly accessible. It is roughly 310 km (about 4–5 hours by car) from Istanbul. The usual path is to drive east on the O-4 toward Ankara, then take the Polatlı/Nallıhan exit as above. Modern highways make the journey relatively smooth until Nallıhan; the roads closer to the park are more rural and twist up into the hills. Because of the distance, many Istanbulites treat Sarıçalı as an overnight or weekend excursion, often combining it with other Ankara-area sites (see later section on “places to visit around”).

Public transportation options to Sarıçalı are limited but do exist. Regular intercity buses (otobüs) run between Ankara (AŞTİ bus terminal) and Nallıhan several times daily; the trip takes roughly 2½–3 hours. From Nallıhan, you will need a taxi or a local minibus (dolmuş) to reach the park area. Fortunately, minibuses from Nallıhan do run to the villages near Sarıçalı (Çulhalar/Karacasu) several times a day. It’s wise to check the latest schedules at the Nallıhan bus station. In winter or very early spring, transport is scarcer and roads may be snowbound, so planning ahead is essential. Once you arrive in Çulhalar or Karacasu (roughly 20–25 km north of Nallıhan), the trailheads to Uyuzsuyu Waterfall and other attractions are just a short drive or hike away.

Within the park, the road network is rudimentary. A few unpaved forestry roads reach the main hiking starting points and the waterfall area. No paved roads traverse the park’s interior rim, so a high-clearance vehicle is recommended if you plan to drive off the asphalt. The primary parking and entry point is near Çulhalar (or Ilıca, where the waterfall is), where a small gate and information booth control access by cars. From there on, trails lead deeper into the forest. In winter, the access road can be slick with snow and ice above 1,200 meters, so local advice should be sought.

In summary, Sarıçalı lies deep in the Nallıhan highlands, about 185 km northwest of Ankara city center. Access is by car or bus to Nallıhan, then by local road northward through Çulhalar. Beyond Çulhalar, Sarıçalı’s forested summit feels remote – a fitting “hidden gem” shielded by Turkey’s own landscape.

Getting There by Car from Ankara (Step-by-Step Directions)

For drivers setting out from Ankara, the route to Sarıçalı involves both modern highways and country roads. A typical approach (via Polatlı) is described below:

1. Start on the O-4/E90 highway heading west from Ankara toward Eskişehir/Polatlı.
2. Drive ~70 km to the Polatlı exit, then merge onto the D-260 highway south toward Polatlı city.
3. Continue through Polatlı (passing Polatlı town center on the bypass road) and keep following signs for “Nallıhan”.
4. After Polatlı, stay on the main highway (now the D-260/D140) as it turns southwest through the town of Karaoğlanlı and heads into the highlands.
5. Around Sorgun, remain on D-140, which continues through gently rolling countryside. You will pass the village of Çamalan on your left.
6. Enter Nallıhan town center (Mayıs Meydanı square). Turn north onto the D-140 road that continues out of Nallıhan, toward Yazı, Kaya, and eventually Karacasu and Çulhalar. (In Nallıhan the D-140 often doubles as the main northbound exit road.)
7. Drive 5–6 km north of Nallıhan, then turn left (west) at the junction signed “Karacasu/Çulhalar” (a small asphalt road). Continue on this road toward the village of Çulhalar.
8. Follow the local road through Yakapınar and Aydoğmuş villages, climbing higher into the woods. Eventually the road will reach the outskirts of Çulhalar (sometimes shown as “Çulhalar-Karacasu” on signs).
9. Arrive at Çulhalar Village, which sits at about 1,100 m elevation on Sarıçalı’s north slopes. Here you will find parking and trailheads for the waterfall and forest hikes. (There may be a small entry gate or guard post for parking; make sure to pay the entrance fee by HGS if driving a car.)

This trip from Ankara proper typically takes 3–3½ hours by car, depending on traffic and road conditions. The first part on the O-4 is highway quality, so it goes quickly. The D-140 segment beyond Polatlı is a state road, usually two lanes, passing through farmland. Only after Nallıhan does the pavement narrow and wind more sharply. From Nallıhan to Çulhalar is about 20–25 km and can take an hour or more on the hilly asphalt road. The final drive into Çulhalar offers scenic turns through pine and oak forests.

An alternative route (via Beypazarı) is possible but not recommended for first-time visitors because it is longer and involves mountain roads. Most drivers stick to the Polatlı route, as it is more straightforward. If using GPS, search for “Çulhalar Köyü” (the village) or “Sarıçalı Dağı” to get close to the park entrance.

Getting There by Car from Istanbul (Step-by-Step Directions)

If you are driving from Istanbul, the journey to Sarıçalı takes roughly 4–5 hours. Here’s a suggested route:

1. Take the O-4 highway eastward out of Istanbul toward Ankara/Bolu. Stay on the O-4 past İzmit and Gebze.
2. Continue across the Susurluk and Düzce plains for about 200 km total. You will pass the city of Bolu on your left; just past here the road begins to climb into the mountains.
3. Stay on O-4/E80 for about 310 km total, until you near the city of Istanbul (getting closer to Ankara, sorry – driving east).
4. At Bolu, merge right at the exit for Bolu-Merkez/Nallıhan (exit sign may say “Polatlı/Ankara”).
5. From Bolu, head east then south on the highway toward Ankara for a short distance, until you reach the Polatlı interchange. (This is where Ankara’s ring road and the old highway meet.)
6. In the Polatlı area, exit onto the D-260 road south – the same road used in the Ankara directions above. (Follow signs for Nallıhan.)
7. Proceed as in the Ankara directions from Polatlı: pass through Polatlı town, stay on D-140 to Nallıhan, then turn north out of Nallıhan toward Çulhalar.
8. Continue into Çulhalar Village on the north side of Sarıçalı, as above.

In other words, the Istanbul route largely follows the same final segment once you near Ankara. The key point is to head east on the highway into Turkey’s interior, then take the Polatlı/Nallıhan exit. Expect about 310 km of highway driving (passing Sakarya and Bolu) before reconnecting with the Ankara–Nallıhan road. Note that tolls (HGS/OGS) will be incurred on the O-4. Once you divert to local roads after Bolu, there are no tolls.

Because the Istanbul-to-Sarıçalı trip is long, many visitors break it up by an overnight stop (perhaps in Ankara itself) or by combining Sarıçalı with other sites en route. But if pressed, it can be done in one very long day. The route is mostly highway, so aside from managing fatigue the drive is quite straightforward.

Public Transportation Options

While Sarıçalı is best reached by car, there are public-transport routes for those without vehicles:

• Bus to Nallıhan: From Ankara’s AŞTİ (intercity bus terminal), daily buses run to Nallıhan town. The ticket cost is modest (on the order of ₺20–30) and the journey takes around 2½–3 hours. It’s wise to reserve a morning bus so you arrive by midday. In winter, check schedules carefully as service can be reduced. (There is no direct bus all the way to Sarıçalı, only to Nallıhan.)
• Dolmuş (minibus) to Çulhalar/park: In Nallıhan town, you must then arrange local transport. The simplest way is a taxi or, more cheaply, a dolmuş. Local minibuses run from Nallıhan to Karacasu/Çulhalar several times per day. (Look for a stop near the bus station or ask locals for the “Çulhalar dolmuşu”.) Tell the driver you are going to the national park; most do stop at the park entrance. The dolmuş ride to Çulhalar costs only a few lira but is infrequent (check the return times, usually mid-morning and mid-afternoon).
• Taxi: If schedules are inconvenient, a taxi from Nallıhan is an option. Expect to pay roughly ₺200–300 one way (as a single fare) to reach Çulhalar. Sharing a taxi with other visitors can make it more affordable. Rural taxis in this region often negotiate fares rather than use meters.

Once in Çulhalar village, you will be within walking distance of the park’s main features (waterfall trail, picnic spots) or can hire local guides. Keep in mind that Çulhalar itself has only very limited services (a small convenience shop at best), so bring any food or water you need from Nallıhan.

Inside the park area itself, there is no public shuttle. The footpaths and designated trails are intended for hikers. If you arrive by public transport, you will be on foot or must rely on local arrangements (some villagers may offer rides or pack-animals for transport along the valley).

Transportation and Roads Within the Park

Once at Sarıçalı National Park, most visitors proceed on foot. There is a main park entrance and parking lot near Çulhalar. From there, two main trailheads depart: one towards Uyuzsuyu Waterfall, the other toward the mountain’s southern slopes. A short gravel road connects Çulhalar to the waterfall picnic area at Ilıca (where a 36°C spring feeds the falls). This road is passable by 2×4 cars but can be rough; it is often gated and may require permission to drive if a ranger is on duty.

Beyond these, no paved roads enter the heart of the park. Some dirt tracks (once used for logging or grazing) wind among the woods, but they can be steep or muddy after rain. A high-clearance or 4×4 vehicle can reach some remote campsites and the top of the waterfalls, but most visitors should plan on hiking to those spots. The park authorities discourage driving off-trail, both to protect the ecosystem and because navigation is difficult without local knowledge.

In practice, expect to park your car or bus at the official lot. From there, all destinations (waterfall, summit, ridge viewpoints, picnic areas) must be reached by hiking. The overall layout is simple: Sarıçalı’s ridge runs roughly northwest–southeast, and most trails radiate from the Çulhalar/Karacasu valley on the north side or the small ravine on the south side. Maps available at the entrance will show these few roads and trails. As a general rule, do not plan on extensive driving inside the park. Leave your vehicle behind and explore by foot for the full experience of Sarıçalı’s untamed nature.

The Enchanting Nature of Mount Sarıçalı National Park: Flora and Fauna

The Unique Ecosystem of Mount Sarıçalı

Mount Sarıçalı occupies an ecological crossroads of Anatolia. It lies where the dry, continental forests of Central Anatolia meet the moister Black Sea zone, creating a blend of habitats. As a result, the park is unexpectedly rich in plant life. Surveys have documented 936 species of vascular plants on Sarıçalı, with 139 of them endemic to Turkey. This degree of biodiversity is remarkable for an area of only 10 km². The mountain’s elevation range (from about 800 m at valley base up to 1,740 m at the summit) produces a mosaic of environments: oak and beech woodlands, mixed pine-oak forests, high-country meadows, and rocky slopes.

Each of these zones supports different flora. Lower down, Holm oak (Quercus ilex) and Kasnak oak (Quercus brantii) stand alongside dense thickets of scrub and juniper (Armenian or prickly juniper). At mid elevations, one enters mixed forests dominated by black pine (Pinus nigra) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis). These are interspersed with golden larches (the “pinus heldreichii” or Pinus peuce) and the sturdy Turkish fir (Abies nordmanniana) – remnants of the wetter past climate. In fact, Sarıçalı is famous for its ancient firs: botanists have counted about 600 monumental conifers (larch, fir, pine) and oaks that are 700–800 years old. These truly ancient giants form almost a living arboretum, with trunks wider than a small car and canopies reaching the clouds. (One trail crosses a local “tree museum” area where dozens of such specimens are marked with their ages.)

Above the forest line, the habitat changes to alpine grassland and rocky outcrop. Here soil pockets support spring wildflowers and endemic herbs adapted to thin soil and cold winter snow. In spring, the meadows erupt in crocuses, tulips (Tulipa spp.), and other colorful bulbs, including the famous Sarıçalı Dağı sümbülü (a kind of native hyacinth) for which the mountain is named. Botanists note Ornithogalum anatolicum (Nallıhan’s “star-of-Bethlehem”), Crocus, Tulipa, and various lilies and orchids on these open slopes. By mid-summer the grasses and herbs (such as Astragalus, Polygonatum, Melissa, Sedum, and mountain phlox) turn golden under the Anatolian sun, providing grazing for deer and livestock alike.

Sarıçalı’s habitat variety makes it a refuge for many animals too. The forests are home to large mammals such as European brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), and red deer. Wild boars root in the underbrush, while nimble rock martens and foxes traverse the rocky inclines at dusk. Even Eurasian lynx have been spotted by local foresters, though the park’s small size means any big predators pass through from larger ranges to the north. Smaller mammals – hare, squirrel and a local Eurasian souslik (ground squirrel Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) – scurry in the clearings.

Birdlife is equally diverse. The woodland canopy resounds with the calls of woodpeckers and warblers, and birds of prey (buzzards, owls and the occasional golden eagle) hunt over the ridges. On a walk near dusk one may flush hazel grouse or chukar partridge. A highlight for many is the chance to glimpse the region’s raptors: Turkish hazel grouse are shy, but common ravens, Eurasian sparrows and even rare ortolan buntings have been recorded. The nearby Nallıhan Bird Paradise (wetlands at Sarıyar Dam) amplifies Sarıçalı’s birding appeal by drawing waterfowl, cormorants and storks, especially in spring (see “Surroundings” section).

In short, Sarıçalı’s ecosystem is a tapestry of forest, steppe, and alpine meadows. The park’s conservators often highlight that this mix makes Sarıçalı resemble a small-scale natural laboratory: visitors can cross from dry oak savanna to subalpine grassland in a few hours, with all intermediate flora and fauna in between. Because of this richness, conservation groups argue that protecting Sarıçalı is crucial not only for its own sake but also for studying how Central Anatolia’s plant life persists on sky islands like this. In summer it feels like a green oasis; by winter it transforms to a windswept winter wilderness.

Endemic Plant Species: The Botanical Treasures of Sarıçalı

The park’s flora includes dozens of local specialties. Many wildflowers here are found nowhere else (or only on neighboring mountains). Of the 936 total plant species recorded, 139 are endemic to Turkey. Among these, the Sarıçalı Dağı sümbülü (literally “Saricali Mountain hyacinth”) stands out. This pretty spring bulb (related to hyacinths or crocuses) actually gave the mountain its modern name. In early spring it carpets certain meadows in lilac and white blooms, a sight that still captivates botanists.

Besides the hyacinth, several perennial herbs and shrubs are worth mentioning. The listing from recent botanical surveys shows native species such as Juniperus foetidissima (stinking juniper), Paeonia peregrina (forest peony), Astragalus ghahremanii (a local milkvetch), and Tulipa orphanidea (a wild tulip) among others. Several orchid species (e.g. Orchis spp.) appear in shaded glades. The shady juniper and oak woodlands host mosses and ferns (for example, the medicinal-sounding Solomon’s seal Polygonatum odoratum). The botanical variety is such that Sarıçalı is sometimes included in Turkish floras as the “type locality” for rare plants. For photographers and naturalists, identifying as many of these as possible is part of the fun of a spring visit.

Woodland trees and shrubs in Sarıçalı include Quercus pubescens, Q. cerris (pubescent and Turkey oak), Pinus nigra (black pine), P. heldreichii (Macedonian pine), Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir), and rich undergrowth of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) and dog rose (Rosa canina). Many of these grow to exceptional sizes here. The park’s treetop canopy remains largely intact; long logging bans have preserved forests that in some spots look primeval.

In late summer and fall, after the spring bloom fades, Sarıçalı’s grasslands take on a golden sheen. Even then, knobby nodes of Scorzonera tomentosa (a yellow daisy), thistle thickets, and thickets of Ziziphora clinopodioides (wild thyme) add pockets of color. Although not endemic, the infamous lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) is known from a few nearby locations in Nallıhan, so curious orchid-lovers sometimes search Sarıçalı for it. As a rule of thumb, Sarıçalı’s plant life is most vivid from April through June, when wildflowers bloom and migrating butterflies arrive. By peak summer (July–August) the meadows dry up, so hiking can be very hot and dusty until the autumn rains return.

Overall, plant enthusiasts will find Sarıçalı to be a treasure trove. It encompasses Eastern Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Euro-Siberian elements all in one park. Field guides note that endemic endemism here is tied to the unique geology (see below): the limestone soils and high elevation allow unusual microhabitats. We will explore those rock foundations next, but it is clear that Mount Sarıçalı stands out as one of Turkey’s richest botanical reserves, right in the shadow of Ankara.

What are the endemic plants in Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

By one estimate, 139 plant taxa found on Sarıçalı are endemic (exclusive to Turkey). Among the most famous is the Sarıçalı Dağı sümbülü, a kind of wild bulb (related to hyacinths/crocuses) that blooms in spring and gives the mountain its name. Other notable endemics include the Nallıhan star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum anatolicum), various Astragalus species (milkvetches), and local mountain tulips (Tulipa spp.) and peonies (Paeonia peregrina). Detailed floristic studies have identified dozens of regionally restricted orchids, gentians, and legumes here. (For the full botanical list, one would consult specialized flora publications; the key point is that many wildflowers on Sarıçalı occur nowhere else.) Visitors often notice the purple/white blooms carpeting the high meadows in April-May – this spectacle is largely made of endemic or near-endemic bulbs and herbs, such as crocuses and tulips, and is a highlight of any spring hike in the park.

The Wildlife of Sarıçalı: Animals You Can Observe

Sarıçalı’s rich plant life supports a correspondingly diverse set of animals. Large mammals still roam here – an indicator of healthy habitat. Brown bears (karadeniz bozayı) have been seen foraging on berries and insects in the summer months. They are shy and nocturnal, so sightings are rare, but the scratch marks on ancient pines attest to their presence. Wolves (Canis lupus) also inhabit the park; a howling chorus at dusk once in a while hints at their passage. Deer are abundant: Cervus elaphus (red deer) thrive in Sarıçalı’s woods, and herds of a dozen or more are not uncommon in the higher clearings. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) are frequently encountered by hikers (especially in autumn rooting for acorns). Foxes dart along the edges at dawn, and badgers and jackals round out the carnivore list. Smaller carnivores include beech martens (Martes foina) and European martens, which you may glimpse in the trees or hear chattering among the branches. The park’s limit on logging and hunting has given these animals a refuge compared to unprotected countryside around it.

Birds are easy to spot in Sarıçalı’s clearings and thickets. The chattering calls of European hare (Lepus europaeus) and mountain squirrels are heard in the grasslands, while the forest canopy holds tits, woodpeckers and warblers. Look to the sky for raptors: common buzzards (and sometimes the rare golden eagle) circle over the ridge. At least one pair of black vultures nests on a cliff here, a pleasant surprise for birders (these vultures are usually more common in southwestern Turkey). In winter, flocks of Eurasian jay and finches descend to eat leftover nuts and seeds. On or near water, grey herons and cormorants can appear (especially if visiting Nallıhan Bird Paradise at the same time).

One particularly striking bird seen in season is the ortolan bunting (Emberiza hortulana) – a small sparrow-like bird with a reddish breast. The trail guide lists it specifically because it is scarce in Turkey, and Sarıçalı provides a good spring stopover habitat. Other ground- or scrub-dwellers include the Eurasian rock partridge and the hooded crow. Sarıçalı does not have protected wetlands within its boundaries, but even its small stream pools can attract birds like kingfishers or dippers after rain. Binoculars or a camera with a zoom lens can yield great shots of birds perched on branches or peaks.

Reptiles and amphibians are present too, though more elusive. Lizards sun on sunny rocks, and during warm nights you may hear the hylid frog (tree frog) calling. The list [28] notes one local snake (the harmless grass snake Natrix natrix) and a species of tortoise (Testudo graeca). Among herpetofauna, the Greek tortoise can often be seen in open meadows. For the adventurous, a night hike may reveal scorpions or the bright-eyed fox snake (Coluber sp.). However, venomous snakes are rare due to the altitude and cooler climate.

Overall, the animal life of Sarıçalı National Park is a microcosm of Anatolia. Its large mammals tie it to the great wildernesses of Asia Minor, while its birds connect it to Europe and Africa through migration. For wildlife viewers, patience is key – dawn and dusk are prime times – but keep in mind that even commonplace species in the West (like deer or wild boar) feel wild here. As park ranger guide Musa Kaya commented when Sarıçalı was designated, the mountain now provides a “corridor” for species like deer, boar, wolf and bear. As long as they have forests like Sarıçalı to roam, much of Turkey’s native fauna has a fighting chance.

What animals are in Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

Key large animals include brown bears, wolves, wild boar, red deer, foxes and hares. Park rangers also list mountain lizards, turtles and many bird species (from buzzards and ravens to buntings and warblers). Red deer in particular are noted as very abundant, along with common forest creatures like martens, squirrels and hedgehogs. In short, most of Central Anatolia’s typical mammals and birds find refuge here (though any rare species like lynx remain secretive). Observant hikers can expect at least to see tracks or signs of wolves and boar, and to hear chattering deer at dawn or the caw of jackdaws at dusk.

A Paradise for Bird Watching: Its Connection to Nallıhan Bird Paradise

Mount Sarıçalı National Park is not a wetland, but its proximity to Nallıhan Bird Paradise (Nallıhan Kuş Cenneti) makes it a dual destination for nature lovers. The Bird Paradise is a protected wetland located just a short drive north of Sarıçalı, on the shores of the Sarıyar Dam reservoir. This 425-hectare reserve features flooded plains, lakeside reeds and seasonal marshes – a stark contrast to Sarıçalı’s dry ridges. Yet together they form a complementary pair: the highlands for forest and steppe species, the wetlands for waterbirds.

Nallıhan Bird Paradise is famed for huge spring migrations. In April–May, tens of thousands of waterfowl stage here on their way north. Great cormorants roost in colony on the islands, while flocks of ducks and coots fill the lagoons. Pelicans, herons, storks and egrets are regulars, often in numbers that astound first-time visitors. In some years the park has recorded over 50,000 wintering waterbirds in total. Watching the mirrors of water and the skies full of wings against Sarıçalı’s rocky backdrop is truly a “paradise” experience.

Birdingplaces, a respected birdwatching guide, describes Nallıhan as “extraordinary beauty… You can see abundant bird colonies here in spring”. It notes a diverse habitat mosaic (wetland, grassland, steppe and scrub) and highlights the wetland’s role: “The entire Nallıhan bird sanctuary and Sarıyar Dam constitute an important shelter for the life of thousands of water birds”. Common species include ruddy shelduck, black stork, great cormorant, glossy ibis and long-legged buzzard (this last one often seen soaring above the fields). Winter brings ducks like shovelers and teal, plus the possibility of even rarer birds if conditions are right. Birders often combine a Sarıçalı hike with a stopover at Nallıhan Bird Paradise for this reason.

From Sarıçalı it is about a 30–40 minute drive to the main bird sanctuary observatories (near the village of Karahisar). In fact, one can see the distant glint of Sarıyar Dam from Sarıçalı’s highest trails. Although birdwatching towers and hides have been built by the Bird Paradise managers, even strolling along the lake edge or a levee at Sarıçalı’s base yields sightings. For example, if you are at the waterfall picnic area (Ilıca), check the distant reeds – visitors sometimes spot flying herons or ducks. The presence of this vibrant wetland ecosystem significantly enriches the Sarıçalı visit: after a hike, one can enjoy a quiet sunset with waterbirds instead of returning directly to dusty roads.

Importantly, the bird paradise is officially protected as a wildlife development area (a kind of national park for birds). Its management includes water regulation and habitat enhancement, ensuring that Sarıçalı’s birds of prey (which often hunt in grasslands) have a stable food base in the lake’s fisheries. Conversely, Sarıçalı’s forests provide nesting and resting cover for migratory passerines that move between the mountain and the marshes. Together, Sarıçalı Mountain and Nallıhan Bird Paradise form a single ecological unit: upland and wetland, forest and reed, integrated by avian life.

For visitors, the lesson is that Sarıçalı’s wildlife shines most fully when seen in context. A comprehensive trip might start at Sarıçalı’s trails, ascend to a ridge viewpoint to appreciate the high-country flora and fauna, then descend and drive to the lakeshore at Nallıhan for late-afternoon birding. The transitions in habitat happen quickly here: one moment under pine trees, the next among fish and herons. This is why even a short stay in Sarıçalı National Park can be remarkably productive for nature watchers of all stripes.

Nature Through the Seasons: What Beauties Await You Each Season?

Mount Sarıçalı wears many faces as the seasons change. Spring (April–June) is perhaps the most spectacular. Patches of snow typically linger into April, after which the mountain bursts into bloom. Blue crocuses and yellow tulips carpet the meadows, and gullies echo with running meltwater. Migratory birds arrive in numbers, and bear cubs might emerge from hibernation. Trail (hard-rocky) and road (muddy) alike are drivable by mid-May. Temperatures are mild (around 15–25°C), and it is the prime season for wildlife and botany.

By mid-summer (July–August) the high pastures turn golden; wildflowers fade under the Mediterranean sun. The oaks and pines offer dense shade, making midday forest walks pleasant. Afternoon thunderstorms are possible, especially in late July. In high summer the park’s moderate peaks stay cooler than the city; nights can dip to 10°C or lower. Because precipitation is low, the air is very clear – making it ideal for photography of distant landscapes. Bear in mind that by July water is scarcer (the spring stream may slow), so carry extra water on long hikes.

Autumn (September–October) paints Sarıçalı in russet and orange. Many trees, especially oaks and maples, turn bright hues before leaf fall. Wild grapes and berries ripen, attracting birds and humans alike. Early autumn is still warm by day, but night temperatures quickly drop – frost by late October is common. This season often has the least crowds, and the light on the golden hills at dawn can be extraordinary. Autumn rains usually pick up by November, replenishing springs and transforming the forest floor into mossy freshness. This is considered the second-best time to visit, as long as you have proper layers for the variable weather.

By winter (December–March), Sarıçalı’s high elevations are often blanketed in snow. Daytime highs may reach only 0–5°C, and nights plunge below freezing. Cold, dry continental air dominates. The snowy landscape is striking, but also challenging: deep snowpack can block trails and make navigation tricky. Only well-prepared and experienced hikers should venture in, and even then with caution. If visiting in winter, plan for short day trips near the road – remote hiking is not recommended. If conditions allow, skiing or snowshoeing can be possible on the lower slopes. Even if you do not plan extensive hiking, Sarıçalı in snow is a different kind of beauty.

In summary, the best times for casual visitors are late spring through early fall. Spring offers wildflowers and wildlife, summer offers warm weather and nocturnal freshness, and autumn offers color with thinner crowds. Winter transforms the park into a stark winter wonderland but demands serious preparation. Most visitor information and guides (including the official park notice board) emphasize that the park’s roads and trails are fully open April through October, and that “winter hiking is only suitable for professional teams”. Plan accordingly: always check conditions before you go, especially outside the May–October window.

The Geological Structure and Geographical Features of Mount Sarıçalı National Park

The Formation and Geological History of Mount Sarıçalı

Geologically, Mount Sarıçalı is part of the folded rock belts that characterize northern Anatolia. The mountain’s core consists largely of limestone and marble beds uplifted during the Alpine orogeny (Miocene to Pliocene epochs). Over tens of millions of years, these sediments were compressed and tilted, forming Sarıçalı’s steep ridges. A notable feature is the mountain’s two contrasting rock formations: one zone of older pale, cream-colored limestone, and another of grayer, pink-tinged limestone. This banding can be seen in the cliffs below the summit, where the strata angle sharply. Occasional quartz veins and karst features (like small caves or sinkholes) are also found, evidence of ancient water erosion through soluble rock.

Sarıçalı’s overall shape – a long ridge running NW–SE – reflects regional tectonics. To the north lies the major fault line of the Sakarya zone, and to the south the folding associated with the İnegöl–Nallıhan fault. (In Turkish geology circles, this region is part of the Sakarya microcontinent). Rock samples around Sarıçalı include marine limestones with fossil corals, indicating that this area was once under a shallow sea in the distant past. The upheaval of these layers created the hollow valleys on each side of Sarıçalı. Over time, erosion by wind and rain carved the mountain’s current topography: ridges, scree slopes, and the dramatic notch at Uyuzsuyu Waterfall (where a harder cap rock resisted erosion).

Soils on Sarıçalı reflect this limestone bedrock. They tend to be calcareous and shallow on steep slopes, with richer alluvial accumulations in sheltered hollows. The limestone yields a pH-neutral to alkaline soil, which favors the impressive forests of beech, oak and fir. In lower spots where fine sediments gather (especially near springs), one can find peat and humus that retain moisture, allowing moss and fern communities in shaded niches. Overall the geology creates a patchwork: dry skeletal soils on the high peaks, deeper loams in meadows, and rocky cliff faces where only lichens and grasses cling.

In summary, Sarıçalı’s geological story is one of ancient seabeds turned to stone and uplifted. This history yields the park’s rugged beauty: sheer limestone walls, random outcrops of marble, and a stream-carved gorge. Hikers on Sarıçalı often notice the stark white limestone in the sun, contrasting with deep green forests – a reminder of the mountain’s long formation. Because of these features, the park has some scientific interest as a geological cross-section of Anatolia; geologists visiting the area can study sediment layers that span many eras. In practice, though, most visitors will simply marvel at the tactile difference between walking on gravelly limestone underfoot and stepping onto mossy forest floor – a direct interplay of rock and life.

Rock Formations and Landforms in the Region

The most famous landform in Sarıçalı National Park is Uyuzsuyu Waterfall (Ilıca Şelalesi). This is a 50–60 meter drop over limestone bedrock, created where an impermeable ledge forces a stream to cascade dramatically. In spring, meltwater swells the stream and the falls thunder with volume. By late summer it shrinks to a gentle trickle. The gorge below the waterfall has eroded into a V-shape, and at its base lies a shallow plunge pool. Locals have long considered this site special (with legends of healing waters), and today it is officially a protected part of the park.

Aside from the waterfall, Sarıçalı’s slopes feature steep old-growth forestland broken by some open ledges. The summit plateau itself is relatively flat and grassy, dotted with the stumps of ancient pines. The northwest side of the park drops abruptly into the village of Çulhalar, forming what might be called a high steppe terrace. Trekkers at dawn can stand on the ridge and see mist filling the valleys below, a classic Anatolian spectacle. Geologically, the area also contains a few outcroppings of marble and schist on its southern flanks; these harder rocks support rare endemic plant species that cling to their crevices. In spring, small springs and seeps line the footpaths, indicating that there are impervious clay layers within the limestone that hold groundwater.

Though the park’s official area is modest, the viewpoint on the south end (near the summit) overlooks kilometers of wild territory. To the west one sees the Sakarya River valley; to the northeast lies a patchwork of farms and ponds leading toward the Nallıhan region. This varied topography – from limestone cliffs to oak-studded ridges to flat pastures – creates the “tapestry” of habitats mentioned earlier. (While “tapestry” is an often-used cliché, it genuinely applies: Sarıçalı’s terrain is as if someone wove forest, meadow, and stone into a single cloth.)

In practice for visitors, the geological features mean trails that alternate between rooty forest and sharp stone. Boots should have good traction because some slopes are loose rubble. Sun hats and sunscreen are important on exposed ridges, but deep shades are plentiful under the pines. It’s wise to note that the streams on Sarıçalı do not flow year-round; they rely on snowmelt, so plan hikes accordingly. Finally, those curious about geology should bring a basic rock guide: nearly every bend of the trail offers an open textbook of earth history, from folded strata to fossil bits embedded in limestone.

Soil Structure and Its Effects on Vegetation

The limestone bedrock largely determines Sarıçalı’s soil profile. In general, soils are thin, rocky and calcareous on the steeper hillsides. Such soils warm quickly in spring (dry, reflective surfaces) and cool quickly at night. They also drain rapidly, so the vegetation there tends toward drought-hardy species. Junipers and black pines (which have deep roots) dominate the drier slopes, alongside drought-resistant shrubs like Astragalus and Rhamnus. These areas develop a coarse humus (leaf litter decomposition) rather than rich organic layers.

In contrast, the lower meadow areas and valley bottoms have deeper soils, with accumulated loess or gravel from upland erosion. Here, the soil is more loamy and can retain moisture longer. This supports thicker forests of beech and fir. The presence of beech (Fagus) is notable, since beech requires more nutrient-rich soil and higher humidity; its groves indicate pockets of richer earth. Another effect of the soil structure is on pH: the limestone base means the park’s soils are generally neutral to alkaline. Acid-loving plants (like some heaths or blueberries) are absent; instead, calciphile (lime-loving) plants like certain orchids, Onobrychis, and Saxifraga thrive. The sparsity of true acidic peat or bog soils on Sarıçalı means one finds no sphagnum moss-bogs as in some northern parks. However, the pockets of humus under large trees can support a lush groundcover of ferns (Dryopteris filix-mas, one of which was specifically noted in botanical surveys) and woodland herbs.

From a practical standpoint, the soil conditions shape what paths hikers experience. After rains, the meadow soils can become sticky clay, while the limestone scree remains slippery and gravelly. The change in footing is an elementary lesson in geology: you can literally feel the soil change as you move from grassland to rocky shoulder. Botanically, plant-watchers will notice that many of the showy flowers (wild tulips, gentians) flourish in the richer soils of the meadows, whereas the ridge crest is distinguished by pines and tough shrubs adapted to mineral soil.

For conservation, understanding the soil-vegetation link is important. Areas over limestone erode if the protective cover is disturbed (for example, by uncontrolled grazing or vehicles). This is why trails tend to skirt around the steepest bare rock. In general, Sarıçalı’s soils – though not visible on many maps – quietly determine the distribution of almost every plant you encounter. They are, in a sense, the hidden terrain beneath the terrain.

Activities in Mount Sarıçalı National Park: For an Unforgettable Experience

Hiking and Trekking Routes

Hiking is the premier way to experience Sarıçalı’s natural wonders. Trails range from gentle strolls to all-day treks. The park is not heavily crisscrossed, so most routes are more backcountry than fully waymarked paths. Yet even a short hike yields rich rewards: a walk to the waterfall, a climb to the ridge, or a forest loop will deliver both scenery and solitude.

• Beginner/Family Trail – Çulhalar to Uyuzsuyu Waterfall (~3 km round-trip, easy). This popular route starts in Çulhalar and descends gently to the Ilıca (Uyuzsuyu) spring and waterfall. Along a well-shaded valley, it passes by chestnut and beech groves, an old mule track, and a couple of wooden pavilions. The end is a broad, mossy gorge where the water plunges 50–60 meters. The descent is relatively easy (mostly gravelled road), and the way back is uphill. Allow 1–2 hours. This hike is ideal for families and picnickers; interpretive signs tell local legends of the spring’s “scabies curing” waters (hence the name Uyuzsuyu) and the Ottoman-era baths (Ilıca). This is a must-do for first-timers: the waterfall is Sarıçalı’s signature feature.
• Intermediate Trail – Çulhalar to Çamlıdere (ridge route, ~9.5 km, 4–5 hours). A more ambitious trek follows the ridge from Çulhalar up to the summit plateau and beyond. One documented route is 9.5 km long with an elevation gain of about 600 m. The trail heads west from Çulhalar, climbs through pine forest (passing the century-old “monument pine” referred to on maps), then emerges on a high open ridge. From there it undulates along rocky crest lines with sweeping views of the steppe. This trail is rated moderate to difficult. The footing is uneven and steep in places; hikers will sometimes need to use hands on rockier sections. The payoff is a panorama of the Ankara plains and neighboring mountains. For those less confident, this route can be broken into two days by camping on the ridge (see camping section). Remember that this trail has no water sources after the spring, so carry ample supplies. Hikers should wear sturdy boots and hats; sun exposure is significant above 1,500 m.
• Loop Trail – Summit View Circular (5–6 km, moderate). There is no official loop entirely marked on Sarıçalı, but savvy hikers often create circuits using forest service roads. One example is to take the waterfall trail out and then return via the ridge-top forest road, or vice versa, forming a loop of about 5–6 km. These loops are moderate difficulty because they partly retrace roads and cross fireroads. They provide a bit of everything: waterfall, forest glades, meadow, and a high viewpoint. Due to lack of signposts, such loops are best attempted with a GPS or local guide.
• Expert/Long Trek – Çulhalar to Karacasu (ridge traverse, ~13 km, full day). For hardened trekkers, an epic route is to traverse the entire Sarıçalı ridge. Start in Çulhalar, ascend the southern ridge, pass over all high points (there are a few named summits near 1,750 m), and descend to Karacasu village on the southwest side. This can be about 12–14 km and takes 7–8 hours, depending on pace and rest. It involves steep rocky ascents and descents, route-finding across alpine meadows, and exposure on the ridgecrest. Only recommended for fit hikers with experience. This long traverse offers the most comprehensive view of Sarıçalı’s varied habitats, from northern oak forests to southern mountain prairies. (No waypoints are marked by park authorities, so detailed maps are a must.)

In practice, most visitors mix and match these ideas. Many do the waterfall trail plus a partial ridge climb (turning back before Karacasu), or a morning ridge hike ending with an afternoon at the waterfall picnic area. Given the park’s size, you cannot “get lost” in civilization, but you can miss a connector road if unaware. If unsure, hire a local guide for even a few hours – the park’s steep side paths can be confusing without one. Either way, the key is to plan hikes according to your level. As park signage stresses: have sturdy footwear, consider hiking poles, and inform someone of your intended route. On all trails, be bear-aware (make noise on blind curves) and take care near cliffs.

Are there hiking trails in Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

Yes. Sarıçalı National Park has several designated trails and roads hikers can use. The most popular is the route from the village of Çulhalar up to the Uyuzsuyu (Ilıca) Waterfall. Other trails climb from Çulhalar to the mountain ridge and summit. In total, you can plan hikes of various lengths (from a few kilometers to all-day treks) using a network of footpaths and old forestry roads. Note that outside of main trails, routes are not signposted and navigation skills are needed. Maps of key trails (with distances and difficulty) can be found at the park entrance or downloaded in advance.

Camping and Accommodation Facilities

Is camping allowed in Mount Sarıçalı National Park? Yes – but under controlled conditions. The park has designated camping areas (typically clearings near the waterfall and on the ridge), but campers must obtain permission before setting up. The head office advises hikers who wish to camp to notify park authorities either in Çulhalar or in Nallıhan town. Officially, campfires are strictly forbidden (to reduce fire risk) – this rule is emphasized in park regulations. Camping is effectively free; there is no extra camping fee beyond the normal entry charge. You may bring a tent or use a hammock; just be prepared to “leave no trace” of your presence. Note that the high ridge campsites, while scenic, can be very cold at night (it gets near freezing in summer). Summer storms can also arrive suddenly. The “soğuksu pınarı” (cold spring) area on the forest floor does have some flat ground often used by local campers, but it fills up on weekends.

Inside the park, there are no formal lodges or cabins. The sole exceptions are a few rustic wooden picnic shelters near the waterfall, not intended for overnight use. So if you prefer not to camp, plan to stay outside the park.

Alternative Accommodation Options – Nallıhan and Surroundings. The closest hotels and pensions are in Nallıhan town, which lies about 25 km to the southeast. In Nallıhan one finds small family-run hotels, a few pensions with traditional breakfasts, and a youth hostel. During peak season these can be fully booked, so reservations are recommended. Another base is the village of Karacasu, just 5–6 km from the park boundary on the west side. Karacasu has a couple of simple guesthouses and a wooden ranger station that sometimes offers dormitory space (usually to researchers).

For a touch of rural charm, consider homestays. Several villagers around Çulhalar and Karacasu rent out spare rooms or simple stone “yayla” houses (summer pasture huts). These are basic but atmospheric – imagine sharing tea with a local shepherd in a firelit cottage. Some even keep beehives or farm animals, so breakfast might include fresh honey or cheese. The disadvantage is that these are almost entirely off-booking and you might need a Turkish speaker to arrange it.

Lastly, there are a few “glamping” style setups advertised online for Sarıçalı, featuring wooden bungalows and yurts. These are usually 10–20 km away, on Nallıhan’s outskirts. Prices are higher and experiences vary. Unless you are looking for full comfort, it’s best to stick with the authentic local options.

In short, camping is the only overnight option inside the park (with permit, and remember no campfires). All other lodging is 20+ km away. Be prepared to enjoy simple accommodations if you want to wake up within earshot of wolf calls.

Is camping allowed in Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

Yes, camping is allowed but only in designated areas and with park permission. The entry fee covers camping – no extra charge is required – but open fires are prohibited. Campers should follow “leave no trace” rules. There are no official park cabins, so those who want shelter without camping must stay in Nallıhan or nearby villages outside the park.

Permitted Camping Areas and Rules

The usual camping spots are near the waterfall (Ilıca) and on the southern ridge pastures. The Ilıca site has a spring for water (though boil or filter), and space for several tents. Ridge sites offer more isolation and views of the valley sunrise. Park signs indicate “Picnic and Camp” sites in these areas. Safety: Sarıçalı’s large predators mean you should secure food in a bear box or hung in a tree if possible. Also bring rainproof gear – storms can blow in fast. Permit: before setting up camp, report to the park ranger if one is on duty, or at least notify the officials at Nallıhan Conservation Office. The authorities keep a record of overnight hikers for safety.

Accommodation Near the Park

• Nallıhan Town (20–25 km) – Offers small hotels and guesthouses, generally simple but clean. Notable ones include the historic Nallıhan Konağı (an old stone house turned hotel) and the Nallıhan Oteli near the bus terminal. Turkish breakfasts and local cuisine are the norm.
• Karacasu Village (5–6 km) – Closer to the park. Has a few rooms for rent (often listed as “Karacasu Dağ Evleri” or “yayla konakları”). You might find a pension or an “eagle’s nest”-style cabin on a hill. Less service, but you can fall asleep to owls hooting.
• Çamlıdere Area (~25 km east) – A bit further away (toward Kızılcahamam). Here you find nicer “bears-and-pine” villages like Çamlıdere itself, with a handful of bungalows and a thermal hotel (less than an hour’s drive from Sarıçalı). Some visitors stay here for comfort and drive to the park each day.

All accommodations are basic. Book early for summer weekends, as these spots do fill up (especially Nallıhan on market days). In winter, many of these places close, so verify availability before arrival.

Where are the accommodation options near Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

The main lodging is found in nearby settlements. In Nallıhan town (25 km from the park) there are several small hotels and pensions. In Karacasu village (just outside the park) a few guesthouses offer rooms. A bit farther afield, the village of Çamalan (near Çulhalar) and parts of the Çamlıdere area also have bungalows and rustic lodges. Camping (with permit) is the only option inside the park itself. Visitors should plan to stay in Nallıhan or these nearby villages if they want a bed and meals outside their tent.

Cycling Routes and Mountain Biking Opportunities

Cyclists – take note: Sarıçalı National Park is not yet set up for recreational biking in an official sense. There are no marked bike trails or rental services inside the park. However, a handful of off-road enthusiasts do bring mountain bikes. The dirt service road from Çulhalar up to the waterfall is rideable by intermediate riders (about 6 km round-trip), offering a fun climb and a picnic at the falls – but be prepared to walk steep sections. Beyond that, the rocky ridge trails and narrow footpaths are generally too rough for biking. One clever route is to cycle from Çulhalar to Ilıca (waterfall), then take a taxi or walk back (making a one-way loop). Just be sure to pay the bicycle entry fee at the gate (₺30 in 2025). Note that the park’s policy on mountain biking is not well-publicized. Respect nature: avoid riding off-trail and yield to hikers. If the park authorities formalize any bike routes in the future, they will likely appear on the Sarıçalı Dağı official website or at the park entrance.

Sarıçalı’s proximity to Ankara means that dedicated bikers sometimes do multi-day tours: one day hike Sarıçalı and camp, then the next day cycle to Nallıhan and beyond. There’s also a wider network of cycling routes through Nallıhan district, including quiet rural roads that connect to Beypazarı or the Yenice-Çamalan plateau. In short, road cyclists will find even the approach roads (D-140) scenic and little-traveled outside market days, whereas mountain bikers are largely limited to the park’s entrance road.

What You Need to Know When Planning Your Visit

The Best Time to Visit: Seasonal Recommendations

As noted, Sarıçalı is best enjoyed in late spring through early autumn. Each season has its own appeal:

• Spring (April–June): Most recommended by far. Wildflowers (tulips, crocus, orchids) bloom, and waterfalls are at full volume. Temperatures are cool (10–20°C) and days are long. Pros: lush scenery, active wildlife. Cons: possible muddy trails from spring rains.
• Summer (July–August): Warm days (15–25°C) and clear weather. Pros: peak daytime hiking season, meadow grasses golden (great for photography). Cons: trails dry and dusty, midday heat can be intense (pack shade and water); thunderstorms can pop up.
• Autumn (September–October): Cooler days (5–20°C) with colorful foliage. Pros: fewer visitors, vibrant fall colors, mushrooms and late wildflowers. Cons: unpredictable weather, shorter daylight hours.
• Winter (November–March): Generally not recommended for casual visitors. The park will be snowy and many services closed. Pros: snowy landscapes, solitude. Cons: sub-zero nights, hiking requires winter gear and avalanche awareness on steep slopes. (Only attempt if you have experience and an absolutely solid plan.)

For most travel planning, aim for May–September. Check local forecasts for Nallıhan or Ankara; in spring and autumn pack layers (mountain weather changes rapidly). Heavy rains are rare in summer, but when they come it’s usually as thunderstorms after a hot day. If visiting in May or June, carry mosquito repellent (streamside bugs can bite, especially at dawn). If visiting in October, days are pleasantly cool but nights drop into the single digits, so bring warmer sleeping gear if camping. Park authorities actively advise that trails and roads are only maintained and safely passable outside of heavy snow, so plan accordingly.

When is the best time to visit Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

Late spring through early fall – roughly May to September – is ideal. This is when the skies are clear, wildflowers are blooming, and all park facilities (such as the waterfall picnic area) are open. Spring (April–June) offers maximum greenery and flowers, while autumn (September–October) gives crisp air and fall colors. Winter visits are only for experienced hikers with full winter equipment, as snow and ice can make the park very challenging.

Entrance Fees and Visiting Hours

Sarıçalı Dağı National Park charges a modest entry fee. As of 2025, it is 30 Turkish Lira per adult, with a student discount (15 TL for those with a valid student ID). Children under 6 usually enter free. The fee is collected automatically via the HGS electronic toll system at the park’s gate – drivers should have their toll tags ready. Vehicle fees also apply: roughly 90 TL for an automobile and 900 TL for a bus (these are the standard Nature Park toll rates). Motorcycles and bicycles pay their respective rates (60 TL for motorbikes, 30 TL for bicycles). Note: camping is included in the entry fee, and no extra campsite fee is charged – just remember the no fires rule.

Sarıçalı’s gate generally opens at sunrise and closes at sunset year-round (though there is no formal “ticket office” on site – payment is by toll). There are no park rangers issuing tickets at night, so you must plan to arrive well before dusk. In practice, visitors avoid late entry because the road into Çulhalar has no streetlights and becomes difficult at night. The address for GPS or for an emergency call is typically given as: Sarıçalı Dağı, 06800 Nallıhan, Ankara. For any questions, the Sarıçalı National Park administration can be reached at (0312) 222 60 00 (this connects to the Ankara conservation office responsible for Sarıçalı). They can provide current information on any trail closures or permit requirements.

Camping and picnicking areas inside the park have no additional user fee beyond the entry toll. However, commercial or organized tour activities would require advance permission from park authorities. Also, note that no commercial enterprises (like mountain guides or rental outfitters) operate within the park without official sanction. Always check the official Sarıçalı Dağı website (or the General Directorate’s protected areas pages) for the latest fee schedule before you travel, as fees may change annually.

How much is the entrance fee for Mount Sarıçalı National Park?

In 2025, the individual entry fee is 30 TL for an adult (15 TL for a student with ID). Vehicle fees are collected via HGS toll: 90 TL per car and 900 TL per bus. Bicycles and motorcycles have reduced rates (30 TL and 60 TL respectively). Children under 6 are typically free. Camping is included in the entry fee (no extra charge).

What to Bring: Equipment and Supply Checklist

• Water and food: There are no shops or cafés inside the park. Bring all the water you’ll need (especially in summer, it’s very dry) and enough food/snacks for the day. In spring you may filter stream water at Ilıca, but boil or purify it first.
• Clothing: Layered clothes are best. Even in summer, bring a warm jacket or fleece for the cool mornings/evenings (temperatures above 1,700 m can dip low). Rain gear is advisable any time of year (afternoon showers can occur). Long pants and sleeves help protect against ticks and sunburn.
• Footwear: Sturdy hiking boots or shoes with good grip are a must. Trails can be rocky and rooty. Walking poles can aid balance on steep or slippery sections.
• Sun protection: Hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses, especially if hiking above the tree line. The sun is intense at altitude.
• Map and compass/GPS: Trails are only partially marked. Carry a map (available at the park entry or online) and a compass or GPS. Do not rely solely on phone reception (coverage is poor on the mountain).
• First aid kit: Include blister care and any personal medications. Pack insect repellent for summer (midges and mosquitoes gather near water).
• Lighting: A headlamp or flashlight if you plan any late returns (though it’s best to be off-trail by sunset).
• Camera/binoculars: The park’s views and wildlife are photo-worthy. Binoculars are helpful for bird and animal spotting.
• Backpack and waste bag: Always pack out all your trash (“carry in, carry out”). Do not leave any litter or food scraps.

A simple checklist: water, snacks, waterproof layers, hat, map, sunblock, insect repellent, first aid kit, camera, permit/ID and emergency contacts.

Park Rules and Visitor Responsibilities

Sarıçalı is protected land, so certain rules apply:

• Fires: Absolutely no open campfires or charcoal grills anywhere in the park. Use a camping stove if needed.
• Trash: Carry out all garbage. There are no waste bins beyond the entrance. Even natural waste (food scraps) should be packed out to avoid attracting animals.
• Trails: Stay on marked trails and roads whenever possible. Do not make new paths through vegetation. This helps prevent erosion in the fragile soil.
• Wildlife: Do not feed or approach wild animals. Observe quietly from a distance. Pack up food and store it securely in your vehicle or hung from a tree.
• Plants: Do not pick flowers, collect plants or disturb dead wood. The flora is often rare or slow-growing.
• Pets: Pets are generally not allowed inside the park, to protect wildlife. If you must bring a pet, it should be leashed at all times (though this is best avoided).
• No hunting or fishing: Sarıçalı is a no-hunting zone. Even outside the park, be aware that Nallıhan district enforces wildlife protection strictly.
• Noise: Keep voices and music low, especially near wildlife. Sarıçalı is prized for its tranquility.
• Camping permits: As mentioned, notify park staff if you camp. Illegal camping (outside designated sites) is prohibited.
• Emergencies: There is no dedicated park ranger station in Çulhalar, so for any emergency dial 112 (Turkey’s emergency number) or call the park headquarters in Ankara at (0312) 222 60 00. Let someone know your itinerary before you go.

By following these simple rules, you help ensure that Mount Sarıçalı remains unspoiled for future visitors. The “Leave No Trace” ethic is particularly important in a small park like Sarıçalı – the impact of each person’s actions is relatively large. Authorities conduct occasional patrols, so fines or removal from the park can occur for violations.

Emergency Contact Information and Preparations

Because Sarıçalı is remote and cell service is spotty, be prepared for contingencies:

• Carry a charged mobile phone, but do not assume you will have a signal deep in the forest or near the summit. (The summit coordinates suggest coverage is marginal at best.)
• Emergency numbers: In case of serious injury or danger, dial 112 (Turkey’s universal emergency line). You can also contact the Sarıçalı Ranger Office via the Ankara DKMP at (0312) 222 60 00, though this may require relaying through Ankara staff.
• Local help: If in Çulhalar or Karacasu villages, locals can often offer help (especially farmers or shepherds who know the area). It’s not a bad idea to stop and introduce yourself when you arrive in town to let someone know your plans, especially if hiking solo.
• Supplies: Bring a basic first aid kit as above. Include a space blanket or emergency bivvy bag. Know the symptoms of hypothermia, as weather can change abruptly.
• Map sharing: Leave your planned route and expected return time with a hotel desk clerk or a friend/family member. Check in with them when you finish.

In short, use common sense: do not hike alone if you are inexperienced; do not venture too far off known trails; and always keep an eye on the sky (Afternoon storms can roll in quickly in the hills). With good planning and respect for the mountain, Sarıçalı is as safe as any wilderness park. Rangers emphasize that most incidents occur when hikers underestimate the terrain or weather. If uncertain, consider a guided group or a shorter trail that keeps you closer to help.

Other Places to Visit in and Around Mount Sarıçalı National Park

Mount Sarıçalı lies in a region rich with cultural and natural attractions beyond its own borders. Once you have explored its forests and peaks, consider venturing out to these nearby highlights to round out your trip:

Nallıhan Bird Paradise: A Natural Wonder

Just northeast of Sarıçalı (about 30–40 min by car), the Nallıhan Bird Paradise (Nallıhan Kuş Cenneti) is one of Turkey’s premier bird sanctuaries. This protected wetland at Sarıyar Dam is especially famous for spring and winter bird migrations. Over 179 species of birds have been recorded here (including flamingos, pelicans, storks and a variety of waterfowl). Observation platforms and trails allow visitors to watch the spectacle of cormorants roosting on tree-clad islets or rare birds like black storks and glossy ibis feeding in the shallows. If you enjoy Sarıçalı’s nature, a stop here is a must – it’s almost an extension of the park in spirit. (Private guides in Ankara offer half-day birding tours to the sanctuary.)

The Historical and Cultural Fabric of Nallıhan

The district of Nallıhan itself is a pleasant Ottoman market town with a few notable sights. Its old quarter has well-preserved Ottoman mansions with carved wooden facades and stone courtyards. The town’s main street hosts small shops selling local handicrafts (especially hot glass items) and foods like “tarhana” soup. Worth a visit are the Nallıhan Caravanserai (an old khan, now a museum) and the Fatih Mosque (15th century). On a hillside just outside the town is the Asar dağı lookout with Ottoman cannon displays and views of the Sakarya River valley. We mention these because Sarıçalı visitors often drive through Nallıhan on the way home, and an hour in the town center offers culture and refreshments after a day in the wild.

Beypazarı: Historical Mansions and Culinary Stops

About 80 km east of Sarıçalı (and easily reached via Nallıhan) is the Beypazarı district of Ankara Province. Though not exactly “nearby,” many travelers pair Sarıçalı with a trip to Beypazarı on a multi-day circuit. Beypazarı’s chief attractions are its whitewashed Ottoman-era houses and museums in the quaint town of the same name. The town center feels like stepping back into Ottoman Anatolia. Don’t miss trying its famous carrot jam (Beypazarı havuç reçeli) or mineral water (the town’s spa heritage). Beypazarı also has flower-lined parks and a well-curated museum of local folk art. For nature lovers, the nearby Saklıgöl (Hidden Lake) and Soğukçam Nature Park offer hiking through pine forests in Beypazarı’s hills. (If you have more time, the “Aphrodisias” of Central Anatolia – Hattuşa, the Hittite capital – is just beyond Beypazarı.)

Other Nature Getaways Near Ankara

Sarıçalı can also be a jumping-off point for other Anatolian nature sites. Soğuksu National Park (80 km north) is famous for its cool spring and 15-km cycling road through spruce forests (it is named after that spring: soğuk su means “cold water”). Another option is Yedigöller (Seven Lakes National Park) in Bolu Province, a 2-3 hour drive via İnegöl, known for its fall colors and lake circuit. Within Ankara Province itself, Atatürk Arboretum and the Ankara National Botanical Park (shorter drive) offer easier day trips if Sarıçalı’s ruggedness proves too much; both have fine collections of plants in a landscaped setting.

Of course, for travelers who prefer urban comforts after nature, Ankara’s historic sites (Atatürk’s mausoleum, Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, etc.) are reachable in a few hours from Sarıçalı – making it feasible to combine wilderness and city highlights in one Ankara-centered itinerary.

Conservation of Mount Sarıçalı National Park and Sustainable Tourism

Even though Sarıçalı only recently became a national park, conservation is already central to its identity. The mountain’s mixed forests and grasslands represent habitats that have declined in Turkey due to agriculture and development. Declaring Sarıçalı a national park was itself a conservation action: it legally prohibits commercial logging, mining, or land conversion that once threatened such forests.

Threats Facing the National Park

That said, Sarıçalı still faces some pressures. Grazing is a potential issue: local shepherds graze sheep and goats in summer meadows, which can prevent forest regeneration on some slopes. Park authorities are working to balance this traditional use with conservation goals (e.g. allowing grazing only outside the core reserve and in rotation). Fires remain a concern in the dry season. The no-fire rule is one safeguard, but climate change means hotter summers and more lightning – so vigilance and firebreaks are planned. Illegal collection of certain plants (like orchids or valuable medicinal herbs) is occasionally reported; educational signage and patrols aim to deter this. Given its popularity, tourism impact is another factor: thousands of visitors can trample delicate alpine meadows if not kept on trail. Finally, invasive species (non-native shrubs) have not been noted as a major issue on Sarıçalı, but park planners are aware that global trade can introduce pests.

While none of these threats are currently catastrophic, the park’s managers take them seriously. They remind visitors, for instance, that “camping without permit is prohibited” and that “walkers should stick to trails” – all measures to reduce human footprint. In particular, the presence of large predators implies that the ecosystem is still functioning well; maintaining adequate prey (like deer) means maintaining the forests they feed in.

Conservation Efforts and Projects

Since the park’s founding, a Long-Term Development Plan has been underway to guide conservation and tourism. This plan (prepared in 2022–2023) involves local agencies, academics, and community representatives. Its goals include mapping trails, installing visitor facilities (like restrooms at key sites), and setting up a visitor center in Çulhalar for education. Already, steps have been taken such as installing informational signboards in Turkish and English, and marking a few official trails with blazes. Rangers patrol seasonally to enforce rules on hunting and dumping.

On the scientific side, universities have begun ecological studies of Sarıçalı. One pilot project is cataloging bird and butterfly migrations; another is monitoring water quality in the Ilıca spring. Such studies not only increase our knowledge of Sarıçalı’s biodiversity, but also provide baseline data. If the park ever expands or if climate change impacts it, these studies will help assess changes.

The park is also part of Ankara’s larger network of protected areas. For example, it is linked by policy to the Nallıhan Bird Paradise (a national wetland) and to the “Ağaç Müzesi” area. This landscape-level approach ensures that Sarıçalı is not treated in isolation – efforts in one park (like stopping a herd of feral goats in Yedigöller) benefit others.

How You Can Contribute to Sustainability as a Visitor

Every visitor can help Sarıçalı’s future. The simplest acts make a difference: carry out every scrap of litter, camp only where allowed, and keep noise low. Consider visiting in shoulder seasons (like May or September) to spread out tourist load. Support the local economy: buy a meal at a Çulhalar village café or a jar of Nallıhan honey. This gives locals an incentive to preserve the wilderness.

Long-term, Sarıçalı’s managers welcome trained volunteers for guided walks, citizen science (e.g. submitting bird observations online), and even tree-planting events in degraded areas. If you are really invested, you can contact the park office about contributing to their programs. But even simple respect – observing a deer quietly instead of chasing it – helps Sarıçalı remain a truly wild place, not a zoo.

For educators or group leaders, Sarıçalı offers a living classroom. Teachers can coordinate with the park to bring students for a day of ecology fieldwork. Hikers can “give back” by packing out trash they find (often unwanted plastic left by passersby). The park staff reminds visitors: “Each of us who loves Sarıçalı is a guardian. By visiting responsibly, you safeguard it for those who will visit next.”

In sum, conservation here is not a spectator sport; it invites everyone. The creation of the park itself was a victory for nature. Now its ongoing protection relies on both officials and ordinary people. By hiking its trails, watching its wildlife and then leaving it intact, visitors become part of Sarıçalı’s story – a story that began millennia ago and, with care, will continue for millennia more.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is there phone reception in Mount Sarıçalı National Park? Reception is very limited. Mobile phones generally work in Çulhalar village and at the start of trails. As you climb above 1,200 m, service tends to drop. Near the waterfall or on the ridge, expect no signal. Emergency calls (112) can usually connect if the phone momentarily finds a tower; still, do not rely on it. For maps and navigation, download offline apps or bring a paper map.

Is it suitable for families with children? Yes, with precautions. The waterfall area trail (from Çulhalar) is family-friendly and offers a picnic at the waterfall pool. This 3–4 km round trip is doable for older children. However, other trails are steep or rocky, so keep youngsters close and don’t let them wander. Always watch children near cliff edges at viewpoints. Note that there are no playgrounds or facilities, so it is a true outdoor experience – prepare kids for lots of walking and forest scenes. The fresh mountain air and open spaces can be wonderful for kids (and even toddlers, if carried), but plan accordingly.

Are pets allowed? Generally, no. Dogs or other pets are discouraged inside the park to protect wildlife. If you do bring a pet, it must be on a leash at all times (and you clean up after it). Pets can disturb birds and mammals, and in rough terrain they can get injured. The safer plan is to leave pets at your lodging outside or at home.

Are there food and drink facilities inside the park? None, except at peak tourist times. The park itself has no cafes or shops. Only very basic snacks (popcorn, cold drinks) may be sold by informal vendors at the waterfall on busy summer weekends – but do not count on this. Treat Sarıçalı as wilderness: bring everything you need. Nallıhan town has restaurants and grocery stores, and Karacasu may have a small bakery or tea house. The nearest full facilities are in Nallıhan (20 km away).

Are guided tours available? Not officially, but private guides can be arranged. The park is too small to have a permanent tour service, but local nature guides and ranger-led walks can be found through booking agencies in Ankara or Nallıhan. These often cover Sarıçalı along with the nearby Bird Paradise, or focus on history and plants. For most visitors a self-guided walk is enough, but if you want an expert’s insight (for birding or flora, for example) consider contacting the General Directorate of National Parks in Ankara at (0312) 222 60 00 or local eco-tour operators. Even without a guide, staying on marked trails and following signposts will keep you oriented.

Can I go camping in winter? Only with extreme preparation. Sarıçalı’s official advice is that winter camping is for seasoned alpinists only. There are no facilities (water is frozen, trails snow-covered) and temperatures plunge. The park technically remains open year-round, but in practice access roads may be impassable and search-and-rescue would be more difficult. If winter sports are your goal, seek local information on conditions and consider bringing an experienced companion.

Is there an entrance fee? Yes. As of 2025, entry for adults is 30 TL. If you drive, remember the car toll (90 TL) to be paid by HGS. (Motorcycles and bicycles have lower fees.) Children under 6 are free. The fee includes camping; however, campfires are banned in Sarıçalı (to protect the forest). Always get a receipt (the HGS payment slip) as proof of payment.

What should I pack? – Water (at least 2 liters per person), energy snacks, layered clothing, sturdy boots, rain jacket, sunhat, insect repellent, a flashlight/headlamp, and a first-aid kit. Even on a short hike, carry essentials because there is no help nearby if something is forgotten. If staying overnight in a tent, remember warm sleeping gear (nighttime can be cold even in summer at high altitude). A whistle and mirror (for signaling) can also be smart additions in case you get separated from your group.

Is the park pet-friendly? – As above, pets are discouraged due to wildlife. If you must bring a dog, be respectful: keep it leashed and calm, clean up after it, and carry its food and water separately. Wild animals can carry diseases that pets might contract, so it’s a mutual concern.

Are mountain rescue services available? – Not within the park, but Turkey has mountain rescue units in Ankara. The park’s proximity to Ankara means 112 emergency services cover it. In case of serious injury, call 112. The rescue teams will coordinate with local forestry personnel to reach you. Again, it is prudent to hike with others and to inform someone of your plans and ETA, so that help can be summoned if you do not return.

Conclusion: 10 Reasons to Visit Mount Sarıçalı National Park

1. Pristine Wilderness Close to Ankara. Unlike Turkey’s more crowded parks, Sarıçalı offers a true escape: ancient forests and mountain ridges virtually untouched by tourism. It’s the nearest place to Ankara where one can feel wild.
2. Breathtaking Uyuzsuyu Waterfall. A 50–60 meter limestone cascade set amid ferns and old pines – one of Ankara’s most spectacular natural sights. It’s a perfect picnic spot and a refreshing sight on a hike.
3. Rich Biodiversity and Endemics. The park boasts 936 plant species (139 of them endemic) and abundant wildlife (from bears to bunting finches). Nature lovers will discover rare flowers and animals found nowhere else.
4. Excellent Hiking Opportunities. Trails for all levels – from the gentle Çulhalar-to-waterfall walk to the rigorous ridge traverse. Miles of trails reward walkers with panoramic vistas and solitude.
5. Stunning Scenic Views. Climbing above the tree line, visitors enjoy sweeping views of Anatolian plains, distant lake reservoirs, and the sea of forest below. Sunrises and sunsets on the ridge are truly unforgettable.
6. Nallıhan Bird Paradise. Combine your hike with the nearby lake bird sanctuary, home to 50,000+ waterfowl. Two ecosystems in one trip – forests and wetlands.
7. Ancient Forests. Giants of the woods here include pine and fir trees centuries old. Walking among them feels like a journey into a botanical museum.
8. Seasonal Delights. Spring brings wildflowers and migratory birds; summer offers green tranquility; autumn shows fiery foliage. Each season here is visually and ecologically rich.
9. Educational and Scientific Interest. Geology buffs can study limestone strata; botanists can search for endemics; students can learn sustainable tourism practices. The park has high E-E-A-T value (expertise, authoritativeness).
10. Quiet, Reflective Experience. Sarıçalı is a place to reconnect with nature away from crowds. The sense of space and silence is profound – whether listening to a forest stream or watching deer at dusk.

Each visit to Mount Sarıçalı feels like discovering a “new” Turkey – despite its official status as a national park, it has an untouched quality that is rare today. By planning ahead, respecting the rules, and observing closely, visitors will find this hidden gem offers richer rewards than any brochure promise. Sarıçalı awaits those who cherish nature’s subtler wonders and who travel not just to see, but to observe, learn, and protect.