Konak Square (Konak Meydanı) serves as Izmir’s bustling epicenter – a crossroads of history, culture, and daily life. At its center stands the ornate İzmir Clock Tower, surrounded by a constellation of landmarks: a seaside mosque (the Yalı Camii), the Governor’s Mansion, and public buildings that flank its edges. Together they form a public space that is unavoidably vibrant – the pulse of Izmir.. Visitors first beholding the square will see not merely an open plaza, but a living tableau where Ottoman heritage and modern city life converge.

Konak Square is often described as Izmir’s “gateway to the city.” By day, office workers hurry past, families relax by the fountain, and merchants trade bird seed for the flocks of friendly pigeons. By night, the clock tower’s arches and fountains glow in changing lights, framing gatherings and celebrations. This expanse is Izmir’s symbolic heart: the point from which the ancient city – known to Europeans as Smyrna until the early 20th century – unfolds outward. Far from a mere tourist stop, the square is woven into everyday Izmir life: a place for political rallies, holiday festivals, and quiet repose alike.

History: The Evolution of Konak Square

From Ancient Smyrna to Modern Izmir: The Land Before the Square

Long before the buildings of Konak Square arose, this seafront land was part of ancient Smyrna. The district of Konak occupies terrain where the old city’s harbor once extended. In fact, one bound of the medieval Kemeraltı marketplace abuts the square’s west side – a bazaar area whose roots reach back to the Hellenistic period. Kemeraltı, whose winding alleys and caravanserais were built on land reclaimed from the bay, has been “the city’s shopping mall since the Hellenistic period”. This means that as Izmir grew from a Greek agora (marketplace) into a Roman port and then an Ottoman city, commerce and civic life clustered here by the waterfront.

For millennia Smyrna – the precursor of modern Izmir – was prized for its harbor. The Agora of Smyrna (the ancient Roman agora) sits a few minutes’ walk north from Konak Square. Built in the 4th century BC and later rebuilt by Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, the Agora served the people of Smyrna for centuries. Today its impressive ruins (columns, streets, arches) lie beneath modern Izmir, and the site is open as an archaeological park. Konak Square’s modern streets ultimately lead up toward this ancient forum; the İzmir Metro line runs just beyond the square toward the Agora museum.

By the late Ottoman era, Izmir had become a cosmopolitan port. A devastating fire in 1822 (the Great Fire of Smyrna) cleared many old wooden neighborhoods along the waterfront. In the ensuing rebuild, planners laid out new boulevards and public spaces. One striking decision in the 1820s was to construct the Sarı Kışla (Yellow Barracks) on reclaimed land at the coast, and alongside it erect a stately residence – a konak (governor’s mansion) – for the Ottoman governor. This official residence sat between the barracks and the sea, “demarcating Konak Square” and giving the square (and the entire district) its name. In effect, the very existence of Konak Square dates to these early 19th-century planning choices, when Ottoman authorities intentionally formed a public square fronted by the governor’s mansion.

The Birth of a Civic Space: The Square’s Creation in the 19th Century

The new square that emerged in the 1830s was conceived as the center of Izmir’s redeveloped seafront district. In this period the Turkish word konak (mansion) came to signify the governor’s residence that overlooked the square. Legend has it that Ottoman envoy Hacı Hasan Pasha took a personal interest in rebuilding Smyrna after the fire, ensuring a grand face for the city at the water’s edge. Early images (from the 1860s) show a broad paved plaza with a fountain and stately stone buildings around it – already doubling as a gathering place for officials and citizens.

Throughout the 19th century, Konak Square gained its core structures. By 1869–1872 a more permanent stone “Governor’s Mansion” (Hükümet Konağı) was erected. Just in front of it, at ground level of the new square, the İzmir Clock Tower was planned (more on that below). A small octagonal mosque known as the Yalı (Seaside) Mosque was built in 1755 on the north side of the square, and later incorporated into the public space. Street improvements around the square connected it to the broad new streets (today’s Cumhuriyet Caddesi and Fevzi Paşa Bulvarı) that became Izmir’s commercial arteries. By the end of the century, trams ran through the square, a funicular linked it to the hillside, and the first passengers were landing at the seaplane pier at Konak, revealing an urban core coalesced around this plaza.

Thus, by 1900 Konak Square was definitively Izmir’s civic and social heart: the stage for official ceremonies, election rallies, and daily leisure. In 1923, when the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, Izmir’s ceremonies and flag-raisings were held here beneath the clock tower. Over time the square has witnessed jubilees and protests alike – from the early Republican parades to modern concerts and free-speech gatherings. Statues and plaques in the square recall local dignitaries and events, reminding visitors that this plaza is intertwined with the city’s identity. Even the fact that Izmir, once known as Smyrna, is now called İzmir (the Turkish pronunciation) is noted here: one nearby sign explains that the city was “known as Smyrna in English until about 1930”. Konak Square thus connects Izmir’s ancient past (as Smyrna) to its Ottoman renaissance and its modern Turkish present.

Key Historical Events Witnessed by Konak Square

Konak Square has been the stage for many of Izmir’s most important moments. In the late Ottoman era, it saw processions in honor of visiting sultans or dignitaries. When the Turkish Republic was declared on October 29, 1923, Izmir celebrated with a flag-raising at Konak; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk himself later returned in triumph in 1932 and spoke to crowds here. The square has been a focal point for National Sovereignty Day (April 23) and Republic Day (October 29) parades throughout the 20th century. During World War II and the Cold War periods, it was a common gathering place for public addresses and rallies. Even in times of crisis (earthquakes, or local protests), Konak Square has served as a meeting point and information center, underscoring its role in the civic life of Izmir.

In the last decades, Konak Square’s role has broadened. It hosts outdoor concerts, civic exhibitions, and occasional light shows. On New Year’s Eve the illuminated clock tower becomes a countdown landmark. Political and labor demonstrations often march through Konak, given its symbolic importance. In winter the municipal ice rink (set up seasonally in the larger square) draws families, a modern addition to its functions. Through all these events, the square remains open and pluralistic – a public commons rather than a gated plaza. Visitors today will find the square bustling with life: children feeding birds, couples strolling by the fountain, and tourists snapping photos of the clock tower, unaware they share the space with generations of Smyrniots and İzmirliler before them.

What Is the Old Name of Izmir? Connecting the Past to the Present

A frequent question from travelers: What was Izmir called in older times? Historically, this city was known as Smyrna. In fact, “Known as Smyrna in English until about 1930,” Izmir was an ancient Greek city name. The name İzmir (derived from Smyrna via Turkish phonetics) only became the official usage in the early Republic period. Locals will still refer to old neighborhoods by names like “Alsancak, Çankaya, Yenişehir,” but the entire city was Smyrna on maps and postcards before 1930. Today Smyrna survives mostly in archaeological references (like “Agora of Smyrna” or “St. Polycarp of Smyrna Church”), but it is the same place. This continuity of identity – from ancient Smyrna, through the Ottoman era, to modern İzmir – is palpable in Konak Square, which stands at the crossroads of all those eras.

The İzmir Clock Tower (İzmir Saat Kulesi): An Icon Forged in Time

The Crown Jewel of Konak: An In-Depth Look at the Clock Tower

Towering over the center of Konak Square is its landmark: the İzmir Clock Tower, or İzmir Saat Kulesi. This slender, baroque-style tower has become the emblem of the city. Erected in 1901, its creation was a city-wide project: the Izmir City Council decided to build a monument commemorating the 25th anniversary of Sultan Abdülhamid II’s accession to the throne. The design was by Raymond Charles Péré, a Levantine French architect based in Izmir. Péré combined Ottoman decorative motifs with Neo-Moorish and Art Nouveau touches, producing a structure that looks both Eastern and cosmopolitan.

Structurally, the tower is 25 meters tall, with four fountains (şadırvans) at its base – three level, plus a smaller one atop – each spouting clear spring water into octagonal marble basins. This was a common feature of Turkish clock towers and mosques, symbolizing public service and virtue. The tower’s middle section is an octagonal shaft of white marble, carved with floral and geometric patterns. Four slender Turkish flagpoles (added later in the mid-20th century) accent its spires. Crowning the entire structure is a small cupola (kiosk) with a balcony, topped by a crescent. In the period immediately after its construction, it carried the imperial tughra (monogram) of Abdülhamid II – but after the Sultan’s overthrow and the founding of the Republic, that emblem was removed and replaced by the star-and-crescent motif of Turkey.

The İzmir Clock Tower is not just a pretty face: its machinery has a history. The clock itself was a gift from German Emperor Wilhelm II (a friend of Abdülhamid II), symbolizing Ottoman-German ties. The timepiece – handcrafted by the German firm Johann Mayer – required manual winding every six days. It still runs today on that schedule, meticulously maintained by the municipality. Inside the tower, a spiral staircase of 97 steps leads to the mechanism and observation windows (though public access inside is generally restricted).

The symbolism of the clock tower goes beyond timekeeping. It was intended as a modernizing icon, showing İzmir’s prominence in the empire. At the same time, its Ottoman-Orientalist styling rooted it in local tradition. Over the past century it has become the figurehead of Izmir – it appears on postcards, coins, and city logos. For many residents, the tower embodies the city’s spirit: cosmopolitan yet with proud regional character. Photographs and paintings of İzmir invariably include the tower when featuring Konak Square.

What Is the History of the İzmir Clock Tower?

The story of the clock tower begins in 1901, when Izmir’s (then Smyrna’s) city council launched a competition for a monument to mark the Sultan’s Yakın Doğum Yıldönümü (25th reign anniversary). The Franco-Turkish architect Raymond Charles Péré won with this elegant, Eastern-infused design. Construction took place in only a few months: the tower was completed on September 1, 1901. Its inauguration was a grand civic event: local dignitaries, consuls from foreign countries, military bands and crowds of residents gathered around the new structure.

Accounts of the period note the clock tower’s mix of styles. Ottoman decorative art was visible in the carved motifs; Moorish arches gave it an exotic flair; European metalwork (for the clock hands and mechanism) brought industrial modernity. The architect, Péré, intended it as a bridge between East and West, reflecting Izmir’s own identity as a port city. In this sense it exemplified late-Ottoman cosmopolitanism: a city still under the Sultan’s rule, yet eagerly looking to Europe for technology and urban design.

After the young Turkish Republic was founded in 1923, the tower quickly became a Republican symbol too. The removed imperial seal and the addition of the Republic’s star-and-crescent signified Izmir’s new status. Over the decades it survived without damage (unlike many Ottoman monuments elsewhere), and it retained its central role. In 1974 it underwent restoration when a storm damaged one of the flagpoles. In 1999 a small earthquake cracked some marble; those stones were carefully replaced with identical new ones.

Despite these repairs, little of the original structure has been altered, so today’s visitor sees largely what Konak Square’s first 20th-century visitors saw. When the clock strikes the hour, its chimes ring across the square – a familiar sound to generations of Izmir residents. As an object of memory and pride, the tower endures in folklore: local guides often say that many İzmir couples choose it as the backdrop for wedding photos, considering it a harbinger of good fortune.

Deconstructing the Masterpiece: An Architectural Analysis

Architecturally, the İzmir Clock Tower is an exemplar of the Ottoman revival style that flourished at the turn of the 20th century. The tower’s octagonal shaft (eight sides) and four fountain bases recall classical Ottoman mosque fountains and kiosk pavilions. Each arch and niche is framed by polychrome marble inlay and vegetal arabesques. The slender “turrets” at each corner of the octagon rise into delicate spires, almost evoking minarets.

The choice of materials was deliberate: local İzmir marble for the main body, and the upper kiosque, while the fountain basins use imported marble. Inside and out, craftsmen employed the ornate Kütahya tilework tradition (blue-and-white ceramic tiles from nearby Kütahya province) on the façade panels. In fact, the tower’s exterior once shone with more colored tile than it does today: in 1964 a renovation saw most tiles replaced except those around doors and windows. In its restored state, however, it still displays those fine Kütahya tiles around each fountain aperture. The interior fountain housing is carved solid marble, funneling water from hidden pipes.

In symbolism, each detail has meaning. The 1901 inscription at the base (in Ottoman Turkish) dedicates the tower to Sultan Abdülhamid. The ornate motifs – stars, crescents, tulips, and roses – are classic Ottoman emblems of sovereignty and renewal. Some modern scholars note that the tower embodies a transition of power: the original sultan’s tughra (imperial monogram) was removed in the 1930s, replaced with the Turkish flag emblem, marking the end of empire and the rise of the republic. The placement of the tower itself (just in front of the Governor’s Mansion) visually integrates the old Ottoman administration with the new Turkish state.

Overall, the Clock Tower’s design carries layers of message. It proclaims Izmir’s loyalty (to the late Sultan Abdülhamid) and its modernity (hosting a German-made clock). It radiates both imperial grandeur and local pride. Standing beneath it, one can still appreciate how its spire seems to point to both the old city (Kadifekale hilltop to the east) and the new avenues of 20th-century Izmir.

Can You Go Inside the İzmir Clock Tower?

The İzmir Clock Tower is not a museum or tourist attraction to climb. The spiral stairs and mechanism are generally closed to the public for safety and conservation reasons. Thus visitors cannot enter it as they might climb the Galata Tower in Istanbul, for example. However, stepping around the base is free and unrestricted, day or night. Photographers and families often stand on the square’s ground level and take pictures framing the ornate fountains and upper balcony. In winter, city lights often accentuate the tower’s eaves, making it a favorite for street-level night photography. So while entry inside is forbidden, the Clock Tower rewards every approach to its exterior: it was built to be admired from outside as Izmir’s emblem.

The Clock’s Mechanism: A Feat of German Engineering

Though the tower’s beauty is obvious, its heart – the clockwork – was an international curiosity in 1901. An inscription plaque (today at the tower’s base) indicates that the clock was a gift from Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. The clock mechanism itself was produced by the Hamburg firm of Johann Mayer; each component was hand-crafted and shipped by sea. The fact that İzmir’s leaders chose a German machine was a diplomatic nod: the Ottoman Empire was then allied to Germany, and having a reliable foreign-made clock emphasized Izmir’s connections to European progress.

To this day, municipal clockkeepers open the little door on the east side twice a week to wind the springs. Unlike digital clocks, these gears need physical tension: as many as eight weights slowly descend over six days to keep the clock running. On the last winding day, the tower guardian – an employee of Izmir’s Culture Department – hauls up the weights and oils the gears. It is a ritual not much changed from the early 1900s. The ability to keep time accurately was itself a source of civic pride: city records noted that for decades after installation, the clock stopped for maintenance but rarely drifted more than a minute out of sync with government time.

Today, the clock chimes on the hour and half-hour in a clear tone. A century of minor earthquakes and storms has never dislodged the mechanism, a testament to its engineering. Though the original wooden parts have been replaced with sturdier metals over time, the overall workings remain as originally designed. By witnessing those regular chiming hours, an İzmirlı (and any patient tourist) experiences a tiny link to 1901 – the moment the new century began to tick in this city that bridges continents.

The Clock Tower as a Symbol: What It Represents to the People of Izmir

For locals, the Clock Tower is more than brick and stone. It is a symbol of İzmir itself – its history and its openness. You will see the structure on every tourist brochure and souvenir, but its meaning is more subtle for residents. Older İzmirlis might recall being told stories as children about how “grandpa built that with his taxes.” A favorite fable is that the tower’s clock never lags, suggesting that İzmir itself is always on time for progress.

Among the street lore, feeding the pigeons beneath the tower has a charm of its own: devotees say the birds bring good luck. The clock tower also became an ad hoc bulletin board in the late 20th century: fliers for concerts and events were often taped to the fountain’s stone sides, making it a community noticepoint. During the city’s liberation celebrations after the Turkish War of Independence (in 1922), the tower was the gathering spot for cheers and Ottoman banners were removed forever from it.

In short, people of Izmir regard the Clock Tower as a trusty friend in the square – always there, watchful and beautiful. It represents stability amid change: generations of refugees, merchants, students, and politicians have passed it, and it stands unmoved. To an İzmir citizen, mentioning “the tower” invariably means this monument: it has become shorthand for “Konak Square” itself. Newcomers and tourists are advised to “meet at the clock tower,” and taxis know “Konak Saat Kulesi” as an address as well as the nearby Konak (City Hall). In such ways, the clock tower is woven into daily life. Under its gaze, the city goes about its day.

Architectural Marvels of Konak Square: A Building-by-Building Tour

Konak Square is ringed by a constellation of architecturally significant buildings – each with its own story. Walking clockwise from the tower’s north side, one encounters first the Yalı (Konak) Mosque, then the Governor’s Mansion, and further on glimpses of modern civic offices. Below, we describe the main edifices in order of proximity, highlighting their histories and features.

The Konak Yalı Mosque: A Seaside Gem of Exquisite Design

Standing almost on the square’s waterfront edge is the Konak Yalı Mosque (literally “Seaside Mosque”), often called Konak Mosque. Though small in footprint, it is among İzmir’s most elegant mosques. Built in 1755 by Ayşe Hanım (wife of Katibzade Mehmed Pasha, the governor of Izmir at the time), it was part of a külliye (complex) that once included a medrese (Islamic school). Tradition holds that the mosque was meant to serve the governor’s entourage and travelers arriving by boat. Its unique octagonal plan and white marble columns give it an almost jewel-like symmetry.

The standout feature of the Yalı Mosque is its Kütahya tilework. Originally, the exterior façade was almost entirely covered in turquoise-and-white tiles imported from the famed pottery city of Kütahya. In a 1964 renovation most of these exterior tiles were replaced by plain stone, leaving only the tiles framing the arched door and windows. Still, intricate tile murals remain inside the entrance and above the mihrab (prayer niche), offering a glimpse of the mosque’s former splendor. Inside, a single large dome springs from an octagonal drum, and one slender minaret stands at the northwest corner. The interior is noted for its tasteful simplicity: whitewashed walls, marble floors, and a central Turkish chandelier.

In Ottoman style, the mosque was built with local craftsmanship. Its stone blocks and columns were quarried nearby, and artisans carved floral motifs into the marble. The combination of an octagonal shape and a single dome is relatively unusual – more commonly seen in 18th-century palace pavilions. This gives Yalı Mosque a feel of a serene pavilion rather than a lofty cathedral. Its small size means it was largely private: originally only certain officials and families could enter. Today it is consecrated as a place of prayer.

Visitor Information: The Yalı Mosque is open to worshippers during prayer times, and tourists are welcome outside those hours. Modest dress and removal of shoes are customary. There is no formal ticket or fee. Entry is from a door on the square side; do note that men and women have separate sections inside. Around the square, modest stalls sell tiny packets of birdseed for feeding the local pigeons – an informal tradition linked in folklore to blessings. The gaze of a visitor is sure to be drawn back to the Mosque’s pale marble columns and painted carvings: even from the street, its octagonal symmetry makes it a haunting picture against the sky and sea.

The Governor’s Mansion (Hükümet Konağı): The Seat of Power

Dominating the east side of the square is the Governor’s Mansion building, known in Turkish as the Hükümet Konağı. Originally this building dated to 1869–1872, but it was destroyed by fire in 1970. What stands today is an almost identical reconstruction (completed in 1972) that replicates the old façade. Its architecture reflects late Ottoman government style: broad rectangular wings, tall arched windows, and turrets at each corner. The entrance features a portico with double-headed eagle motifs, reminiscent of late-19th-century design.

The Governor’s Mansion is Izmir’s provincial government headquarters. It houses the offices of the İzmir Governor and other administrative departments. Historically it was not open to the public for tourism; its corridors were meant for bureaucrats. However, it is very much the square’s “anchor building.” Ottoman officials originally placed this konak (mansion) precisely here to project imperial presence on the new square. When one stands in Konak Square, the Mansion’s windows and columns line up with the clock tower: the governor’s seat literally and visually overlooks the plaza.

Architecturally, the building is imposing. It is five stories high (including an attic level) and built of stone with a cream-colored plaster finish. The central part of the north façade (facing the square) has a grand balcony at the third floor, supported by sculpted brackets. A carved cornice runs around the roofline. Inside, public areas are richly appointed: one sees heavy wood doors, marble floors, and Ottoman brasswork. Unfortunately, because it’s a working government office, there is no entry for visitors beyond the first foyer. Security guards prevent tourists from wandering through. Still, the exterior alone is significant: it is a reminder that Konak Square’s original function was governmental.

For a visitor’s perspective, the Mansion serves as a backdrop to photographs of the square. Notice how its stylistic language echoes the Clock Tower’s – both in stone work and ornate detail – showing that the planners intended them to complement each other. Incidentally, one of the tower’s small fountains sits directly in front of the Governor’s Mansion entrance. On Independence Day ceremonies, this building’s flagpole was one of the first to have the new Turkish flag unfurled here.

Beyond history and symbolism, the Governor’s Mansion also plays a modern role: an art gallery used to occupy a wing here in the 1980s, and today one section houses a visitor information office (look for pamphlets on Izmir’s sights). Visitors often wonder about parking or restrooms: the Mansion area has underground parking and public toilets accessible from the square’s side (officially for city employees, but politely open to tourists).

İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Building: Modern Governance

Across the square from the Governor’s Mansion is a more modern building housing the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality (the city hall). This white mid-rise, built in the late 1970s, contrasts sharply with the older Ottoman-style structures. While less ornamented, its presence represents the continuing civic importance of Konak Square into the late 20th century.

Inside the Municipality building, Izmirians pay taxes and attend meetings, but to most visitors the key point is its exterior – it has several flags, a clock tower of its own on the façade, and a public hall where art exhibits occasionally appear. The spot in front of it often hosts civic demonstrations or temporary kiosks. Importantly, this building is also the location of Konak Pier’s ferry terminal on the square side, making Konak a transport hub: buses and dolmuş (shared taxis) stop here en route to suburbs, and ferry boats to Karşıyaka depart a block away.

Architecturally, the Municipality building was done in a functionalist style of the 1970s. Rows of tinted windows, simple lines, and a flat roof set it apart from the ornate Mansion. Yet a few design echoes tie it to the square: for example, its clockface above the entrance mirrors the clock tower’s theme of time. This building can be modestly ignored by most travelers, but its function is crucial: it houses the local government departments that keep İzmir running.

The First National Architecture Movement and Its Influence

Stepping back, one notes that Konak Square’s ensemble includes different eras of Turkish architecture. The Governor’s Mansion and Mosque are pre-Tanzimat Ottoman styles; the Clock Tower combines Ottoman and eclectic elements; the City Hall and other surrounding offices are modern Republican. One historical thread connects them: the First National Architectural Movement of the early 20th century. Although the Clock Tower was built just at the tail end of the Ottoman period, its form presages this movement. This style (1908–1930) sought to create a national architectural vocabulary using Ottoman and Seljuk motifs.

Around Konak Square, its influence appears in buildings such as the post office and the Kemeraltı entrance arch (not far off the square), and in the cultural center (Halkevleri) building opposite the Governor’s Mansion. These structures feature pointed arches and motifs (like the star-and-crescent rosette) taken from Seljuk caravanserais and old Turkish houses. The old Ethnography Museum (the former orphanage behind the square) is another example, with its neo-classical dome.

Though not all these peripheral buildings are directly on the square, the visual dialogue is constant. The result is that Konak Square feels cohesive: even where styles differ, motifs recur (arches, columns, geometric tiles, crescents). This was partly by design, as İzmir’s architects of the early Republic admired Ottoman-Islamic heritage and tried to integrate it into civic buildings. Thus, one could say that Konak Square is also a textbook of 19th and early-20th-century Turkish architecture: each building speaks to a phase of the city’s identity.

The Sensory Experience: What to See, Do, and Feel in Konak Square

Standing in Konak Square is as much a sensory experience as an intellectual one. The combination of sea breeze, people-watching, architecture, and even bird life makes any visit memorable. Below are some of the sights, sounds, and tastes that fill the square’s atmosphere.

People-Watching: The Best Spots to Soak in the Atmosphere

Konak Square is almost always busy. On any weekday it is crisscrossed by students, government workers, and local shoppers. On weekends, strollers and families flood the square, often pausing to chat on benches or in cafés. The best vantage point for people-watching is near the central fountain (in front of the clock tower) – one can sit on its edge and see life move in all directions.

Another great spot is the grounds just south of the clock tower. Here there is a wide set of shallow steps leading down to a lower level; these steps often function as informal seating. Elderly men and women come to sit, relax, and feed pigeons. Tourists often linger here too, as it offers a clear view of the square and monuments.

Along the square’s eastern side (near the Governor’s Mansion), there is a line of tea gardens and cafés. Tables spill outside with shaded umbrellas. These cafés are perfect for lingering – sip strong Turkish tea or coffee while observing passersby. Locals will stop at one kiosk that sells sucuk ekmek (a grilled sausage sandwich) and stand by high tables for a quick bite. At night, these cafés are lit softly and fill with young crowds enjoying the evening air.

During the day, keep an eye out for schoolchildren in uniform marching by (often ringing little bells at recess time). Groups of elderly Turkish and Greek gentlemen often gather under the plane trees on the square’s west side, playing backgammon or chatting. It is a delight for a visitor to catch snippets of conversation in Turkish, Kurdish, Armenian, or Greek in this multicultural square.

The Famous Pigeons of Konak: A Beloved Tradition

One of Konak Square’s most charming features is its flock of pigeons. The birds here are notably tame: locals have been feeding them for generations, and they have lost their wild fear of humans. The tradition likely began in the late Ottoman period when religious believers would scatter seed in memory of the dead or as a blessing; today it is simply a friendly pastime. A quick way to join in is to find any of the old men selling small paper cones of birdseed (each cone costs only a few kuruş). Tilt your head back, open your hand, and the pigeons will land on your arm, shoulders, even head if you remain still.

For photographers, the pigeons are a delight. A common photo is people with outstretched arms, white pigeons perched on them, framed by the clock tower. The best light is in the morning or late afternoon – at midday the shadows are harsh. Many travelers report this as a highlight of their Konak visit – the gentle cooing and flutter of wings create a sense of peace amid urban bustle. Locals will often warn newcomers: “Watch out, they pooped on my shoulder!” – but that is half the fun.

The Sea Breeze and the Waterfront (Kordon)

Konak Square has a unique sense of openness toward the sea. Though no longer a working port, the Mediterranean is only a block away. A few steps southward from the square, one finds the famous Alsancak Kordon: a broad seaside promenade lined with trees, cafés, and benches stretching along the water. From Konak one can easily walk along the Kordon: within ten minutes, the entire scene of ferries, sailboats and the distant hills of Karşıyaka opens up. Many local residents take their afternoon stroll here for the cool breeze and sunset views.

If you time it right, the crossing of a red ferry from Konak to Karşıyaka (or from Pasaport to Bostanlı) passing in front of the square’s skyline makes a pretty sight. At sunrise or sunset, the Kordon is filled with joggers and photographers – and Konak Square’s silhouette (clock tower, mosque, mansions) becomes a picturesque shoreline.

The Konak Pier itself (see below) houses some cafes with outdoor seating overlooking the sea. From those tables you can look west toward the square’s full panorama: the clock tower bronze face shining in the sun, the historic mosque dome, and the dark green hills rising in the distance. The Pier thus gives a seaside vantage point that blends maritime life with the square’s architecture. We will cover the Pier more in the next section, but for now it’s enough to say: don’t miss at least a brief seaside interlude when you visit Konak Square.

Best Photo Spots in Konak Square: A Photographer’s Guide

Konak Square is one of Izmir’s most photographed locations. A few tips for camera enthusiasts:

• Framing the Clock Tower at Golden Hour: The tower shines in the warm light of late afternoon. Shooting from the east side of the square (near the municipal building) allows you to compose the tower with the Yalı Mosque and Governor’s Mansion in the frame. Try a low angle so the sky forms a backdrop.
• Capturing Yalı Mosque Details: To emphasize the octagonal shape and tiles of the Konak Mosque, move to the south side of the fountain and zoom in on the minaret and façade. Early morning light brings out the creamy marble tone and the carved Koranic inscriptions above the door.
• Wide-Angle Square Shot: Stand on the tram tracks at the north end of the square (near Kemeraltı entrance) and use a wide-angle lens to encompass the whole scene – tower, mosque, mansions – in a single shot. Late afternoon light will illuminate the square evenly.
• Night Photography: At night, the fountain and clock tower are lit with spotlights and colored bulbs. Position yourself to include the glowing tower and its reflections in the fountain water. A slightly longer exposure (a few seconds) will smooth the water and capture the starbursts of streetlights. The night market stalls often add colorful accents at the edges of the frame.
• Street Life Candid: To capture daily life, sit on a bench along the southern railing with the square behind you. Photograph people buying bread, feeding birds, or riding the tram. A telephoto lens is useful to pick out faces and expressions from a distance, showing the square’s human rhythm.

No matter your style, constantly check your surroundings. Every corner of the square has a little vignette: musicians playing near the mosque steps, tourist groups following guides, policemen leaning against benches. The mosaic of activity is as interesting as the architecture.

What Is Konak Famous For? Synthesizing Its Main Attractions

In short, Konak Square’s fame rests on its iconic combination of landmarks and legends: the clock tower, the seaside mosque, the heritage bazaar at its edge, and the cinematic view of the Aegean. It is most famous for the Clock Tower itself – the most recognizable symbol of İzmir. But Konak is also famed as the meeting place of cultures. Visitors in guidebooks see entries like “Konak – İzmir’s most important square” and “Clock Tower of Konak Square” in tourist maps. The square is so central to Izmir’s identity that the city’s official tourism logo once featured its silhouette.

Beyond physical sights, Konak is known for intangible things: the pigeon-feeding tradition, the atmosphere of freedom (statistically, Izmir is considered more liberal than other Turkish cities), and the maritime sunset. It’s a place where Ertugrul Özkök (a famous Turkish journalist) said “the atmosphere of the old Smyrna still lingers” – meaning Konak embodies a sense of openness and history. In conversation, locals often shrug with pride: “Why is Konak famous? It’s our square. You have to see it to feel Izmir.”

Konak Square as a Hub: Your Gateway to Izmir’s Treasures

Konak Square is not just an island of interest, but a launchpad for exploring greater İzmir. From here one can easily reach many of the city’s top attractions by foot, tram, or ferry. Below we outline several must-visit places that lie within convenient distance.

Stepping into History: The Kemeraltı Bazaar

Directly west of Konak Square begins the Kemeraltı Bazaar, the historic covered market district. As you exit the square toward the west, you will pass beneath a stone arch (the entrance of the bazaar) flanked by café tables. Immediately you sense a shift: the quiet grandeur of the square gives way to a bustling maze of shops and alleys.

Distance: Roughly 100 meters from Konak Square’s west edge. The entrance is opposite the Clock Tower, down a short street.

What to Expect: A warren of narrow lanes packed with stalls selling everything: textiles, spices, jewelry, lamps, clothing. The air smells of roasted chestnuts and baked simit (sesame bread rings) from vendors. Colorful signs in Turkish, English, and Greek hang overhead. You must navigate by sight: it is very easy to wander in circles. Helpful signage has appeared recently in Turkish/English at key intersections (look for the green “Kemeraltı Çarşısı” signs).

Among the crowd, notice the Kızlarağası Hanı at your left if you go inside. This caravanserai (inn) was built in 1744 and is one of the bazaar’s major highlights. Its inner courtyard is now home to handicraft shops and cafes. The han’s stone walls and arches recall the old trade routes that once brought caravans here.

Other notable spots inside Kemeraltı:

• Hisar Mosque (16th century) at the northern edge – a grand Ottoman mosque with a tall minaret and minbar carved of wood.
• Çakırağa Mansion (18th century) further in, a richly frescoed merchant’s mansion now open as a museum.
• Countless small mosques and even synagogues hidden on side lanes (Kemeraltı was historically home to devout Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities).

As Kemeraltı extends for a kilometer, you could spend hours there. For a quick orientation, simply walk straight for about 500 meters and you will reach the Agora of Smyrna (see next section). Turn back anytime to Konak; the route is linear, and you will pop out near the clock tower once more.

The Agora of Smyrna: A Journey to Roman Times

Roughly a 10-minute walk north from Konak Square (or one short tram stop to Güzelyalı then a walk) lies the Agora of Smyrna, an open-air archaeological site of great importance. In antiquity, this was Izmir’s central marketplace – a column-lined public square surrounded by shops and colonnades.

Distance: About 1 kilometer north. Walk north along Fevzipaşa Bulvarı or catch the orange Konak Tram to Alsancak, then a local bus or walk. Metro users can disembark at Konak Station and walk north.

Why Go: The ruins include a magnificent colonnade and the well-preserved Faustina Gate, with its triumphal arch and inscriptions to honor the emperor. Walking among its marble stones is like stepping into Pliny the Elder’s Smyrna. Local interpretive panels (in English) help explain the layout: you’ll see remnants of basilicas, agora streets, and even an Ottoman-era gravesite.

For history buffs, the Agora is a must. It illustrates Smyrna’s pre-Islamic city life, completing the story of Konak Square from ancient Greek/Roman times to now. It is also relatively peaceful in late afternoons, when the heat of the day subsides. Plan 1-2 hours here if time allows. (On a clear day, you can see Konak Tower far behind you across the bay as you walk around the ruins.) The Agora is open daily (except Mondays), roughly 8:30 am–17:30. Tickets are inexpensive (a few Turkish lira).

After touring the Agora, one can either return to Konak Square via the same route or continue to the famous Alsancak district just to the north, where the old Christian churches and the long Kuşadası & Adnan Menderes Street shopping area await.

Konak Pier: From Customs House to Chic Shopping Mall

Directly south of Konak Square, jutting into the Gulf of İzmir, is the Konak Pier. This elegant, long pier was built in 1890 as the city’s customs warehouse and landing dock, and was designed by none other than Gustave Eiffel (yes, the same engineer who later built the Paris Tower). Today it has been transformed into a charming retail complex with boutiques, cafés and a cinema – and an observation terrace with one of the best sea views in İzmir.

From Konak Square, the Pier is a short walk downhill (150 meters) along the waterfront promenade. It looks like a long cast-iron pier house, arched along the side facing the water, with a glass-roofed center. Entering the building is free. Inside are shops selling İzmir souvenirs, local design goods, and several restaurants. Even if you do not shop, go to the pier’s upper deck. From there you face westward along the bay toward the sun set behind Konak. You can still see İzmir’s 19th-century skyline – the clock tower and mosque in silhouette – framed by the sea horizon. It is a favorite spot for photographers and couples alike.

Historically, the Pier was vital to Konak Square’s commerce. Before airports and highways, nearly all goods entering İzmir (or leaving for export) came through ships docked at Konak Pier. In fact, the customs office for the entire city was once inside that building. Sitting on the waterfront means the square’s life has always been connected to maritime traffic. Even today ferries to Karşıyaka and the Princes’ Islands depart adjacent to the Pier. So, visiting Konak Square without at least strolling the length of Konak Pier would miss the sense of İzmir as a true port city.

A Practical Guide for Visitors: Planning Your Trip to Konak Square

How to Get to Konak Square: A Complete Transportation Guide

From Adnan Menderes Airport (ADB): The easiest budget option is the İZBAN commuter train. From the airport station, board the Izban train towards Alsancak. At Halkapınar Station (three stops past Alsancak), transfer to the İzmir Metro (red line) one stop to Konak. Exit Konak Station and you are right beneath the square. Total ride about 1 hour. Alternatively, the city-run ESHOT bus #202/204 (marked “Havalimani – Konak”) runs from the arrivals terminal to Belediye Sarayı (City Hall) every hour, taking about 75 minutes. Taxi or Havaş shuttle buses are also readily available at the airport; a taxi ride costs around €25.

By Metro: İzmir’s Metro line has Konak Station in the heart of the square. Metro runs frequently to suburbs like Bornova, Evka, and Fahrettin Altay. On foot, the Metro exits open onto or adjacent to Konak Square, making it easy to combine metro travel with Konak visits.

By Ferry: Izmir has ferries linking the city’s two shores (as well as to nearby islands). The Konak (Pasaport) Ferry Terminal lies just south of the square by the Pier. Ferries cross to Karşıyaka, Üçkuyular, etc. Many visitors enjoy coming from Karşıyaka to Konak by ferry for the scenic arrival.

By Bus/Dolmuş: Dozens of city buses (ESHOT) and shared minibuses (dolmuş) stop at Konak Square or on surrounding streets. Major routes include lines from Bornova (211, 207), Karşıyaka (501), Buca, and the airport (again, #202). If arriving by intercity bus to İzmir’s main station in Bornova, take the Metro or a bus to Konak.

In all cases, aim to arrive inside the square area (where the clock tower stands) for convenience. The name “Konak (Atatürk) Square” or “Belediye Sarayı” should be enough for a cab or driver.

What Is the Best Time of Year to Visit Izmir and Konak Square?

Seasons: İzmir enjoys a Mediterranean climate. The busiest, hottest times at Konak Square are summer (June–August) and major Turkish holidays. Temperatures soar to mid-30s°C (90s°F) in July–August, making the open square very hot by day. Spring (April–June) and early autumn (September–October) are ideal: daytime highs in the 20s°C (70s°F), with comfortable evenings. Winter (November–March) is mild (around 10–15°C, mid-50s°F) but wetter; if you dislike rain, avoid January-February.

Crowds: The square gets crowded on weekend afternoons year-round. Summer evenings see lots of people on the Kordon. If you prefer a quieter visit, early mornings or weekday mornings are best. The clock tower is particularly photogenic at sunrise or just after dawn, when few tourists are present.

What Are the Opening Hours for Attractions in Konak Square?

• Konak Yalı (Seaside) Mosque: Open daily for worship. Visitors may enter outside of prayer hours (ask when prayers are, roughly five times a day). There are no official “closing hours,” but it is generally accessible from dawn till sunset. (During major religious holidays it may be closed to tourists. Please dress respectfully.)
• İzmir Clock Tower: Always open outside and free to view. No interior access. Best seen during daylight, though it looks striking when lit up after dark.
• Izmir Archaeology & Ethnography Museums: Located at Kemeraltı’s western end (the historic Archaeology Museum building at Atatürk Square). These museums are open daily 09:00–17:30 (closing earlier in winter months). Check official schedules for holidays. (They are a 10-minute walk from Konak Square.)
• Kemeraltı Bazaar: Shops are typically open from around 09:00–19:00 Monday–Saturday; some smaller shops may close for a few hours at midday. On Sundays many stores are open (Izmir is more relaxed than Istanbul, where bazaars often close).
• Asansör (historic elevator): About 1 km from Konak, open 7 days 07:30–00:30 (with a small fee to ride). Not in the square itself, but often visited in a day out.

For convenience, here is a quick table of key spots near the square and their hours:

Is Konak Square Safe for Tourists?

Yes. Izmir is widely regarded as one of the safest large cities in Turkey. Locals proudly say there are “no no-go zones” here. The city’s relaxed, Mediterranean atmosphere extends to Konak Square. Daytime pickpocketing is relatively rare compared to some tourist hotspots. Families often stroll freely with children. Police patrol is visible but unobtrusive.

However, as with any crowded urban center, visitors should take standard precautions. Keep valuables secure (inside coat pockets or zippered bag). The major risk in Konak is the occasional street scam: local police warn that fraudsters sometimes run shell-game cons or crowded food stands near busy corners. A good rule is to politely decline offers to play games or buy “special” items from strangers in the square. The police also caution against so-called “fake policeman” scams elsewhere in the city, but in Konak Square such incidents are almost unheard-of. Always ensure any uniformed officer shows an ID badge before handing over money or personal details.

At night, Konak Square becomes quieter but is generally still safe. The area is well lit, and locals continue to wander the waterfront until late. Still, take normal city-safety measures: stick to main lit areas, secure your belongings, and be aware of your surroundings. Most tourist attacks in Turkey happen on isolated roads or in major metropolitan crowds late at night – Konak Square is well-traveled, so it is not a hidden alley. If you stay within the core square and nearby Kemeraltı (which is lively even after dark), you will be among friendly crowds. Cabs and buses run until fairly late too. In short, Konak Square is as safe after dark as it is in daylight; the worst one can encounter is perhaps an overly insistent street vendor – a minor annoyance at most.

For emergency assistance, dial 112 (universal Turkey emergency number). There is a police station just north of the square (Kantar Police Station, near the ferry dock) should you need one.

The Flavors of Konak: Where to Eat and Drink Near the Square

Konak Square’s culinary offerings capture İzmir’s famed hospitality and Aegean cuisine. From quick street bites to sit-down meals, visitors can sample local flavors without straying far from the plaza.

• Rooftop and Waterside Restaurants: For a meal with a view, head to any of the eateries along the Kordon (coastal promenade) facing the square. One notable place is Sakiz Alsancak (an open-air restaurant with clock-tower views). Many hotels around Konak Square (like Swissôtel, Key Hotel, Hilton) have cafes or bars with terraces overlooking the square; even a coffee or pastry on such a terrace offers panoramic vistas. These spots can be pricey, but worth it for the scenery.
• Street Food and Quick Bites: Several beloved İzmir snacks are on offer. Just off the square, vendors sell simit (circular sesame rolls, called gevrek locally) and boyoz (a flaky pastry traditional to Izmir, often eaten for breakfast). By mid-morning, the smell of fresh boyoz and boiled eggs fills the air near the old clock tower. Greasy stands serve gevrek sandwiches (half simits stuffed with sausage and cheese) and sucuk ekmek (garlic sausage on bread) for a quick lunch. In Kemeraltı’s alleys, one can find kumru sandwiches (a sesame bread filled with cheese, tomato, and spiced sausage) and şambali (a sweet semolina cake) – both Izmir specialties.
• Tea and Coffee: Turks take their tea (çay) seriously. Around Konak Square, dozens of çaycı carts and small cafés pour armfuls of hot tea for only a few lira. For an authentic experience, sit at a semaver café (samovar table) along the square, sip your tea from a tulip-shaped glass, and watch the ferries on the bay. Traditional Turkish coffee (strong, in small cups) can be found in the side streets or within Kemeraltı; the famous Salepçizade shop is a few blocks away for sahlep and coffee in an antique interior.
• Kordon Fine Dining: If you’re looking for an upscale evening, the Kordon promenade offers several fish restaurants and bistros. Cacık (yogurt-cucumber soup), grilled sea bass, midye dolma (stuffed mussels), and grape-leaf dolmas are specialties. Restaurants here open around 18:00 and stay busy late into the night. Reservation is wise at weekend. From one of the Kordon terraces, you can dine while gazing back at Konak’s illuminated skyline.

Overall, Konak Square’s food scene rewards exploration. Even a short walk into adjacent alleys or into Kemeraltı reveals aromatic spice shops and “lokanta” (cafeteria-style eateries) where workers fill up on hearty Turkish stews. If in doubt, follow the scent of grilled meat or listen for the clatter of çay glasses at a roadside table: either way you’ll find a taste of İzmir’s Aegean charm.

Konak Square After Dark: The Evening Transformation

As twilight falls, Konak Square truly comes alive with lights and ambiance. The fountain jets are lit from below in shifting colors, and floodlights accentuate each arch of the Clock Tower and the delicate filigree of the Yalı Mosque. The effect is magical: the iconic red-brick clock face (lit with soft white light) contrasts with the dusky sky. After dark, the tower is often viewed as a beacon – Turkish TV stations will sometimes use it in winter holiday broadcasts, calling it “the shining heart of İzmir.”

Aside from the lights, evening in the square means different activities. Cafés and kiosks stay open, and the aroma of late-night fish sandwiches and boiled corn (a common snack) wafts around. Street musicians occasionally play traditional tunes near the mosque corners. During summer, open-air concerts on portable stages can pop up for weekend crowds, drawn through social media announcements. On one rare occasion, if you are lucky to visit on a national holiday, you might witness a fireworks display over the bay, with the clock tower and mosque in the foreground.

Safety and Atmosphere: Nighttime atmosphere remains relaxed and friendly. One pleasant bonus is that night air usually cools the square by several degrees – quite welcome after a hot day. If you are concerned about safety, stick to the main lit promenades. The farther end of Kemeraltı (west of the square) can get quieter after 22:00, but Konak itself is still fairly populated. Streetlights are bright, and police patrol casually. If you find a taxi, stations near the clock tower operate around the clock, since İzmir is a night-time city as well as a daytime one.

What to Do: The most classic night activity is simply to sit by the Clock Tower and absorb the scene. Order a çay from a nearby vendor, lean on the railing by the fountains, and watch the starry sky emerge behind silhouetted minarets. Another idea is to continue to Alsancak Kordon after nightfall: a short walk along the water takes you to several open-air bars and ferries lit by glowing lights. The contrast between the quiet square and the bustling Kordon is striking. For shopping fans, some Kemeraltı stores (especially textiles and open-air souvenir stands) remain open till 23:00 on summer nights.

In summary, Konak Square’s night is as vibrant as its day, but in a calmer, festive key. The architecture becomes luminous art, and the usual crowd is joined by young couples and photographers. To echo a sentiment often heard among locals: “Konak Square is different after sunset – almost like another place.” It is definitely worth seeing twice, under daylight and moonlight, to appreciate its full character.

The Cultural Pulse: Events and Festivals in Konak Square

Konak Square is often at the center of İzmir’s cultural life. Major national celebrations – Republic Day fireworks, May Day concerts, victory parade – frequently feature the square as their stage or viewing area. The most regular recurring event is the May 19 Commemoration (Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day), when schools march through the square in parade in the morning, followed by athletic events on the waterfront. Victory Day (August 30) and Republic Day (October 29) see official ceremonies and wreath-laying in Konak. During Muslim holidays like Eid, the square is adorned with banners and sometimes special bazaars or religious concerts are held here at night.

Beyond national holidays, Konak Square hosts occasional pop-up concerts (popular Turkish singers in summer), cultural festivals (a Hıdrellez spring festival parade passes through), and even circus acts. The City of İzmir often publishes schedules of any public events at Konak on official websites. Also, because the square is adjacent to cultural institutions, exhibitions or art fairs sometimes spill outside. (For example, if the Atatürk Cultural Center has a folk festival, they might set up stalls in the square.)

Planning tip: If your visit aligns with a known Turkish holiday, check local listings: you might find a very local and authentic festival happening right there. Even if events are not announced in English, you’ll see crowds and maybe giant Turkish flags if something is going on. Otherwise, enjoy Konak Square year-round – it practically vibrates with the city’s rhythms, from quiet mornings to celebratory nights.

Is Izmir Turkey Worth Visiting? A Conclusive Argument

İzmir—with Konak Square at its epicenter—presents a compelling blend of history, culture, and ease. The city’s scale is human: big enough to have vibrant neighborhoods and big-city amenities, but small enough to navigate on foot or short transit rides. Konak Square exemplifies this balance. It showcases İzmir’s multi-layered story and stands as a testimony to why visitors love this city.

Compared to Istanbul’s grandeur or Ankara’s formality, İzmir offers a more relaxed experience. It is frequently said: “If Turkey were a carnival, Izmir would be the friendliest, most hospitable tent at the center.” The openness and secular warmth of Konak Square (where men and women mingle without reservation) highlights this character. While it may lack Istanbul’s mosques or Cappadocia’s scenery, İzmir compensates with its people’s warmth, seaside climate, and historical depth.

So, is Izmir worth visiting? Absolutely – and Konak Square is its prime justification. One could argue that a day spent here, with side trips to Kemeraltı and the Agora, gives a concentrated course on the best of western Turkey: ancient ruins, Ottoman charm, and modern coastal city life all wrapped in one.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is the main square in Istanbul?
Istanbul’s main historic square is Sultanahmet Meydanı (Hippodrome), home to the Blue Mosque and Aya Sofya. Konak Square, by contrast, is Izmir’s own main square. Visitors sometimes compare the two: Konak is smaller and newer (Ottoman/Tanzimat era), whereas Sultanahmet dates to Roman and Byzantine times.

Q: Can you recommend a one-day itinerary starting from Konak Square?
Start at Konak Square in the morning and appreciate the Clock Tower and Yalı Mosque. Walk west into Kemeraltı Bazaar and explore until midday. Return to Konak for lunch or tea by the fountain. In the afternoon, take the Metro or tram up to the Agora of Smyrna. Afterward, head down to the waterfront: walk the Kordon and visit Konak Pier at sunset. End your day with dinner on Kordon or in the historic Alsancak district, a short tram ride away. This loop touches history, shopping, and seascapes all in one day.

Q: Are there public restrooms near Konak Square?
Yes. Public restrooms are available in two main places: (1) the eastern side of the square, near or inside the İzmir Büyükşehir Belediye (Municipality) building (look for signs “WC Belediye”), and (2) adjacent to the Archeology Museum in Kemeraltı (walking distance west). Also, cafés around the square will typically let patrons use facilities if you buy a drink. Always good to carry some small change (2–5 TL) in case the public restrooms charge a token fee.

Q: Is Konak Square accessible for people with disabilities?
Overall, Konak Square is fairly flat and wide, which is good for accessibility. The main square level is paved and wheelchair-friendly. The Konak Mosque has a small set of steps (no ramp), but it is small enough that assistance can usually be found. The fountains are open, not barricaded. The clock tower itself has no steps around it. However, note: some sidewalks in the area may have uneven curbs and the ramps (especially at tram stops) may be steep. Public restrooms might not be fully ADA-compliant. For those needing full accessibility, it’s advisable to plan for a companion to help with curbs. Taxis are wheelchair-accessible on request, and the Metro and modern tram system have elevators at stations, including Konak Station. Overall, Izmir is more accessible than many Turkish cities, but always best to check the latest local resources.

Q: What souvenirs can I buy near Konak Square?
The bazaar and stalls adjacent to Konak Square offer classic Izmir souvenirs: Nazarlık (evil-eye beads), blue-and-white İznik pottery, olive oil soaps, Karşıyaka ceramics, and wooden carvings of historical İzmir scenes. Local specialties include kumru sandwiches (in packaged kits for home) and Şirince wine. Textiles such as embroidered scarves or fashion from local designers can be found. For authentic crafts, seek small workshops in Kemeraltı where artisans mend copper trays or weave rugs. And of course, Turkish delights and sweets (lokum) packed with İzmir fig or pistachio make tasty gifts. Most shops will ship abroad if needed.