Karagöl-Sahara National Park, designated in 1994, is a protected area in the Şavşat district of Artvin Province in northeastern Turkey. Covering roughly 3,766 hectares, it encompasses two distinct landscapes: Karagöl (“Black Lake”) and the expansive Sahara plateau. Karagöl is a high-altitude mountain lake ringed by dense conifer forests, while Sahara is a broad alpine meadow plateau that unfolds onto panoramic mountain views. Together these form a dual nature reserve whose very name reflects its contrasting environments. The park’s remote setting and limited infrastructure mean it remains relatively undeveloped compared to more famous Turkish parks, offering a feeling of genuine wilderness and solitude.

Karagöl-Sahara merits inclusion on any traveler’s list for its serene beauty and ecological diversity. The lake’s calm waters – often mist-laden at dawn – and the sweeping green plateaus of Sahara both seem untouched and timeless. (The term “Karagöl” literally means “black lake,” referencing the dark green depth of the water; “Sahara” here comes from a local word meaning “wide plain.”) Visitors often note two key highlights. First, Karagöl itself is an almost perfectly circular lake formed behind a prehistoric landslide. Its mirror-like surface and the encircling pine forest make for a striking tableau. Second, the Sahara Plateau is vast and open in summer (snowbound in winter) and is dotted with wooden shepherd huts and grazing livestock that embody traditional plateau life. Each summer, locals gather on this plateau for a Pancar (beet) Festival near 1,800 m elevation, celebrating harvest and culture. In sum, the park’s combination of forest-shrouded lake, sunlit high meadow, and cultural heritage gives it a unique character worth exploring in depth.

Planning Your Unforgettable Trip to Karagöl-Sahara National Park

Visiting Karagöl-Sahara requires some planning. The key factors are seasonality, gear, and logistics.

When is the Best Time to Visit Karagöl-Sahara National Park?

This park lies at high elevation (around 1,920 m at Karagöl and 1,700–1,800 m on Sahara), so it truly experiences four seasons. Summer (June–August) is the most popular time: temperatures are mild (often in the high teens or low 20s °C), rainfall is lower, and the meadows and forests are lush with wildflowers. One guide notes that “the best time to visit” is summer, when the weather is mild and nature’s colors are at their fullest. Spring (April–May) brings melting snow and a burst of early bloomers; trails may still be muddy, but crowds are very thin and the landscape is fresh. Autumn (September–October) offers crisp air and stunning foliage. The conifers remain green, while hickory and birch turn gold – making for dramatic photographs. Fall also tends to have stable weather and fewer tourists, a bonus for those seeking a quiet experience. Winter (November–March) plunges the area under snow and ice. Roads can close, and the park is largely deserted. Skiers and snowshoers come by design, but casual travelers should note that severe winter conditions make access difficult. (The official tourism page cautions that park access “may be difficult due to road conditions in winter”.)

In brief:

• Spring (Apr–May): Cool, chance of rain or late snow. Great for early wildflowers and solitude.
• Summer (Jun–Aug): Warm days, cold nights, green landscapes. Peak tourist season.
• Autumn (Sep–Oct): Cool and dry, colorful foliage. Very photogenic.
• Winter (Nov–Mar): Snowy wilderness. Only for experienced adventurers or for enjoying winter sports.

For rough guidance on climate, the nearby city of Artvin has average summer highs around 22–24°C, and winter lows that often dip below freezing. (Turkish Airlines data confirms summer daytime temps in Artvin-Provinces run in the low 20s°C.) A packing tip: even in summer, nights can be chilly at high altitude, so bring at least one warm layer. Rain-gear is wise in spring or autumn. (Although the Black Sea region is known for rain, Karagöl-Sahara lies on the rain shadow of the Kaçkar Mountains, so it is somewhat drier than coastal zones.)

Park Entry and Fees

Good news: entry to Karagöl-Sahara National Park is free. There is no general gate fee. You may encounter a small parking or services fee at Karagöl (for example, a symbolic car park charge), but nothing on the order of large national park fees elsewhere. The park is open year-round (again subject to weather). There is no staffed entrance booth or ticket counter – just drive or walk in.

Because it is free and unstaffed, amenities are minimal. There is no visitor center. Restrooms are very limited (you may find an outhouse at the Karagöl camp site, for example) and potable water is not provided. On the plus side, there is no closing hour – except that deep winter snows effectively close the roads. In any season, expect to be largely self-sufficient once inside: carry water and supplies, and respect the natural environment.

What to Pack for Your Adventure

Packing carefully will make your trip much more comfortable. Key items include:

• Clothing: Layered clothing is essential. Even in summer, mornings can be cold at altitude (below 10°C is not uncommon). Bring a fleece or light jacket. Waterproof outerwear is useful in spring/autumn. If traveling after October, include warm hats and gloves. UV protection (sunglasses, sunscreen, hat) is a must anytime, as the high sun is intense.
• Footwear: Sturdy hiking boots with good ankle support are recommended, since trails can be rocky and uneven. Even the lake loop has tree roots and stones. If you have waterproof boots, those are advantageous in spring or autumn.
• Hiking Gear: A daypack with water bottle(s), high-energy snacks, a basic first-aid kit, and a headlamp or flashlight is advisable. A compass or GPS device helps, as trails are not always signed. Bring toilet paper and a small bag to pack out your waste.
• Camping Equipment (if applicable): Tent, sleeping bag (rated for near-freezing nights), sleeping pad, camp stove, and cooking utensils. If you plan to cook, bring sufficient fuel (wood can be scarce or wet, and open fires may be restricted) or use a gas/spiral stove. A firepan or metal ring can help contain fires where permitted.
• Photography Gear: A camera with a sturdy strap or harness for hikes. A polarizing filter can improve sky and water shots. Extra batteries and memory cards are wise (cold drains batteries fast). A lightweight tripod allows sunset or night photography. A drone pilot should note: Turkey requires permits for drone use in protected areas; check regulations in advance.
• Other: Trekking poles can aid in steep sections. Insect repellent is handy in early summer, and a water purification method (tablet or filter) is useful if you plan to drink stream water. Finally, carry Turkish Lira (cash); mobile payments are unlikely in remote areas.

Essential Visitor Information

• Park Hours: No fixed hours; the park is open all day, year-round. However, plan to conclude hikes before dark.
• Facilities: There are no visitor centers or staffed stations inside the park. The Karagöl camping area has very basic facilities (pit toilets, picnic benches) but no showers or running water. Bring all necessities from Şavşat or Artvin.
• Access: There is only one road in and out of each section (one to Karagöl, one to Sahara). No bridges or alternative routes exist. Cell phone service is patchy; do not rely on it for navigation. Download offline maps and save emergency numbers.
• Permits: No special permits needed beyond park entry (which is free). If camping, register with rangers if they are present; otherwise, follow posted camping regulations. Fishing technically requires a permit from Turkish authorities, but enforcement is lax; still, catch-and-release is encouraged.
• Safety: Keep to marked trails and drive carefully on mountain roads. Summer bears and wolves avoid humans, but always store food securely in camps or cars. Drinking untreated water may cause stomach upset; use purification for comfort.

With these preparations, visitors can focus on enjoyment: breathing fresh mountain air, seeing wildflowers, and listening to the stillness of this remote landscape.

Getting to Karagöl-Sahara National Park: A Comprehensive Guide

The Gateway Cities: Artvin and Şavşat

The two main towns for accessing Karagöl-Sahara are Artvin city (the provincial capital) and Şavşat. Artvin city lies to the southwest of the park. The road distance from Artvin to Karagöl is about 82 kilometers (roughly a 1h20m drive). To Sahara plateau, it is even nearer (about 17 km from Şavşat). Şavşat town itself sits in a river valley and is the jump-off point for both sections of the park.

By air: The closest airport is the new Rize–Artvin Airport (RZV), which began operations recently. Turkish Airlines flies there direct from Istanbul and Ankara. From Rize-Artvin Airport, the city of Artvin is about 125 km away. Convenient shuttle buses (Havaş) and taxis cover this route in about 2 hours. The Turkish Airlines site notes that “the distance between Rize-Artvin Airport and the [Artvin] city center is approximately 125 kilometers”. (Cars rentals are also available at the airport.)

From Artvin city: Once in Artvin, you have two options to reach Şavşat and the park: car or bus. The Artvin–Şavşat dolmuş (minibus) is the cheapest way, taking about 1h30m at a cost on the order of ₺35–50. These minibuses leave from the Artvin bus station several times daily. Alternatively, driving is faster (about 1h15m) and gives you flexibility to stop or do side trips, though road quality beyond Şavşat narrows to mountain standards.

Şavşat town is 45 km south of Karagöl and 17 km south of Sahara. To reach Karagöl, follow the road north from Şavşat, which winds up into the mountains. For Sahara, take the northeast road to the plateau’s meadowlands. Both drives are scenic but curvy; allow extra time if it’s your first visit.

From Trabzon: Travelers from the city of Trabzon (on the coast) generally drive or take a bus inland. The distance Trabzon–Artvin is about 227 km (≈4h30m drive), passing through Gümüşhane and Bayburt. From Artvin, proceed as above. There are also seasonal buses from Trabzon to Şavşat, though service may be infrequent. An alternative (if you prefer flying) is to land in Trabzon and then rent a car or take bus to Artvin.

Transportation within the Region

Once in Şavşat or nearby, options include:

• Car rental: Many visitors find a rental car (or private driver) is easiest, especially with luggage and gear. Roads to Karagöl and Sahara are paved (but steep) and have scenic turnout parking areas. Just watch for livestock on the road.
• Dolmuş (minibus): In summer, a shared minibus may run from Şavşat to Karagöl and Sahara by fixed schedule. Confirm departure times at the Şavşat dolmuş terminal.
• Taxi: Local taxis can be hired in Şavşat for the 45 km to Karagöl (about 1h) or 17 km to Sahara (≈30m). A taxi offers door-to-door service but costs significantly more than the dolmuş (on the order of ₺2,000 for the whole group one-way).
• Private Tours: Some local guides offer private half-day or full-day tours via 4×4, which include pickup, guiding, and interpretation. This is more expensive but provides insight and ease.

Navigating the Park: Maps and Access Points

Karagöl and Sahara are essentially two separate chunks of land with their own road access. Reliable maps are scarce, so do this: mark GPS coordinates of Karagöl Lake (approx. 41.238°N, 42.446°E) and Sahara Plateau (approx. 41.239°N, 42.498°E) before you go. Most vehicles park in one of two places:

• The Karagöl parking area, at the lake’s northeast shore (there is space and often some picnic tables). From there a 4–5 km loop trail follows the lake edge.
• The Sahara parking area, atop the plateau, near a small picnic meadow. Trails from there fan out to vistas and shepherd huts.

Within the park, roads and trails are few. A loop road encircles Karagöl on three sides (cars can drive most of it). On Sahara, gravel tracks connect the small villages on its rim. Carry an offline map app or ask locals for trailheads. (Language note: “Karağöl Milli Parkı” signs might be in Turkish, but the routes are intuitive.)

Exploring the Twin Wonders: Karagöl Lake and the Sahara Plateau

Karagöl (Black Lake): A Jewel of Tranquility

Karagöl (literally “Black Lake”) is the park’s star attraction. It sits at roughly 1,920 meters above sea level. Geologically, Karagöl is a landslide-dammed lake: long ago, a mountain slope collapsed, blocking a valley and creating the basin. Today the lake’s nearly circular shape and still waters make it striking to behold. The surrounding terrain is densely forested – mainly Oriental spruce and Scots pine – which gives the lake a framed, intimate feel.

The water of Karagöl is very clear. On sunny days its surface reflects the trees and clouds perfectly. (From above, some note that the lake’s outline appears heart-shaped.) A low stone pier on the northern shore provides a platform for water access. In summer, locals operate a small paddleboat or rowboat rental near the pier, allowing visitors to glide a few hundred meters out. Boaters must stay near the shore – the lake’s deep center is reserved by trout and avoids human contact.

A popular way to enjoy Karagöl is to hike the lake loop. A roughly 4.5 km trail circles much of the water’s edge. It starts/ends at the lakeside parking (north end) and descends through mixed pine forest to a lush alder stand on the south. Look for small streamlets feeding the lake from the southwest. The trail eventually climbs back through fir groves to the eastern parking. This hike is moderate: some uphill on the return but generally accessible for most walkers. Along it you’ll see rhododendron and blueberries, and perhaps wildlife: red squirrels and the occasional deer drink at the shore, and birds like jays and partridges flit among the branches. Spring flowers (scilla, wild tulips) dot the edges in late May.

If you want wider panoramas, take the tower trail up the slope above Karagöl. Near the lake’s southeast, a faint track rises steeply 200–300 meters up to a wooden lookout tower. From this Efkâr Tepesi (Hilltop) you get a sweeping view: the entire lake, ringed by forest, lies in front of you under open sky. The Turkish Airlines travel guide specifically recommends climbing this for “breathtaking views”. Sunset light here can turn the trees golden and the lake into a fiery pool – photographers prize this spot.

The fauna around Karagöl includes fish and forest animals. Aquatic life includes wild trout and some carp. (Local villagers fish here, but do catch-and-release if possible.) Mammals in the shadows include the shy roe deer and various rodents. Larger carnivores (brown bear, gray wolf) traverse these woods, but sightings are rare. Birders may hear the hoot of an owl or see hawks circling overhead.

At Karagöl’s western edge stands the Karagöl Mountain Lodge, a small government-run cabin providing basic accommodation. (Another source mentions a 20-bed facility here as well, perhaps including camping bungalows.) Booking this 12-bed lodge requires contacting the Şavşat forestry office in advance. It has no restaurant, only simple bunk rooms and a wood stove. Its charm is sleeping under the stars just steps from the lake – camping here is also allowed. Indeed, as Turkish Airlines notes, Karagöl offers “private camp options…with food and toilet facilities,” and you can camp by the lake in a tent, caravan or bungalow. So for a night in the mountains, either unpack your tent beside Karagöl or reserve a spot in the cottage.

All these features make Karagöl a perfect place to unwind. Visitors often bring a picnic (no cafes are on-site) and relax by the water. The only sound is usually breezes and bird calls – a welcome retreat from city life.

The Sahara Plateau: A Vast Expanse of Alpine Beauty

The Sahara Plateau (Sahara Yaylası) lies to the northeast of Karagöl, reachable via a separate road. Despite the name, it is not a desert but a high mountain meadow. Situated at about 1,700–1,800 meters elevation, the plateau is a broad grassland surrounded by mountain ridges. In summer it is a sea of green, dotted with yellow and purple wildflowers; in winter it is blanketed with snow. The plateau’s soil is richly volcanic – a basaltic bedrock underlies the fields, providing fertile ground for grasses and herbs.

Visiting Sahara feels very different from the enclosed lake. You emerge from the tree line onto an open plain. From the parking area and pasture huts, you can walk in any direction without a wall of trees. Sheep and cattle graze freely, tended by yurt-like herders. Distant peaks form the skyline. Clouds often cast sweeping shadows across the grass, making dramatic light contrasts. One can wander to the plateau’s far end and stand at its lip, looking down toward the Coruh River valley that carved the region.

The plateau is also culturally active: local villagers bring their flocks here each summer. During festival season (usually July or August), the Pancar Festival draws hundreds to the plateau’s meadows. Visitors who time their trip for this event will find the fields alive with music, folk dancing, and beet-based banquets. Otherwise, the atmosphere on Sahara is pastoral calm. Often one sees herders milking cows or drying cheese. The plateau’s few wooden huts offer shade for rests and some have benches for simple picnics.

Hiking on Sahara involves more wandering than a defined trail. Established paths run between the plateau’s three main hamlets (for example, to Kocabey or to Resat River), but many hikers simply make their own loop. A common route is a lollipop shape: follow a rural road out onto the grassland, then take a meadow path south and circle back via the plateau’s southwest side. This might total 8–10 km with only gentle slopes. Since the terrain is open, always carry sunscreen and water; there is no woodland cover.

Photographically, Sahara offers wide-angle vistas. A classic shot is sunrise or sunset with long shadows from grazing animals. After rain, when Saharan clouds lift, you can see far peaks (even glimpses of Georgia!). The plateau also turns golden in late summer evenings.

An interesting contrast: while Karagöl’s geology involved sedimentary beds and landslides, Sahara’s was volcanic. The plateau’s flat top is literally the hardened lava cap of an ancient volcanic ridge. As the Turkish travel page notes, “the Sahara Plateau has a geological structure formed by the basalt cover of the region”. In practice, this means the ground is rich and the plateau slopes can be slick (basalt breaks into gravel easily). It also means that from certain vantage points, you might see outcrops of columnar basalt in the distance – a reminder of the region’s fiery past.

Karagöl Lake vs. Sahara Plateau: A Tale of Two Landscapes

It may help to think of the park in two halves. Karagöl (Black Lake) is leafy, intimate, and shaded. Its joys are a gentle lakeside stroll, trees dripping with moss, and quiet lunches by the water. Even non-hikers can easily enjoy Karagöl: the main loop is mostly flat and well-defined. Wildlife here tends to be forest-dwelling creatures (squirrels, birds, the occasional deer). A visit to Karagöl often feels like a peaceful lakeside escape.

By contrast, Sahara Plateau is wide-open and exposes you to the sky. It rewards the sightseer with expansive horizons and a sense of freedom. Hiking here involves more exposed walking and perhaps an element of adventure (the lack of shade means the sun is full-time company). Wildlife on Sahara includes grazing animals and raptors; you may spot vultures or falcons sweeping overhead. The two areas complement each other: many travelers spend the morning by Karagöl (or camp overnight) and then drive to Sahara for the afternoon. In one day you can sample both, but you will need transport or a long hike to connect them.

Taken together, the lake and the plateau embody the park’s motto: two faces of nature united in one protected area.

A Nature Lover’s Paradise: The Rich Flora and Fauna of the Park

Karagöl-Sahara National Park is rich in biodiversity. The mix of mountain forest and alpine meadow creates a variety of habitats. Several botanical surveys have recorded over 140 plant species within the park’s bounds. The flora is a blend of Black Sea and continental elements.

In the forest zone around Karagöl and the lower slopes, the dominant trees are Picea orientalis (Oriental spruce) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine). These form dense evergreen woods. Underneath, shrub species like Rhododendron, dogwood, and hazelnut thrive alongside birch and alder in wetter gullies. The ground cover includes ferns, forest strawberries, and wildflowers. At the forest edges and clearings, one finds Crataegus (hawthorn) and some wild pear trees.

The alpine meadow flora on Sahara includes grass species adapted to high elevations and cold winters. Spring brings flowers such as anemones, gentians, and poppies. Summer fills the fields with daisies, clovers, and endemic mountain flowers. According to a scientific study of the region’s flora, about 54 plant taxa in the park are endemic to Turkey, which is roughly 6.3% endemism for the area. (This is actually a lower percentage than Turkey’s national average of 34.5%, because the park sits at a biogeographic crossroads. Nonetheless, some rare species do occur here, including certain orchids and lilies.) The lush flora of Karagöl’s forest floor and Sahara’s meadows is one of the park’s treasures.

Wildlife is also plentiful, though often shy. The mammals include bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), fox (Vulpes vulpes), badger (Meles meles), and lynx (Lynx lynx). Squirrels and hares are common near the forest edge. Visitors rarely see the largest carnivores, but some hikers report fresh bear tracks or deer droppings. It is best to move in groups or make noise if walking at dawn or dusk.

Birdlife is notable. Forest species like the black woodpecker and nightingale sing in the spruce woods. Partridges and pheasants scamper in the underbrush. In the open sky above Sahara, look for raptors: hawks, buzzards, and even occasionally the rare Golden Eagle have been spotted. Many migratory species pass through in spring and fall. The park’s mountain lakes and ponds attract ducks and waders in season.

The aquatic fauna of Karagöl includes trout and carp. There are also frogs and aquatic insects along the lake edge. Herpetofauna (reptiles) are limited by elevation and cold – you might encounter a harmless grass snake or lizard warming on a rock, but venomous snakes are not common here.

Witnessing this wildlife is a pleasure. For example, anglers at dawn often see trout breaking the lake’s surface. Hikers on Sahara may catch a glimpse of a deer nibbling grass, or hear the distant howl of a wolf. Binoculars and a steady, quiet approach will yield rewarding looks at the park’s inhabitants. The presence of large mammals like bear and deer is a sign of a healthy ecosystem – visitors should feel privileged to be in one of the few places they thrive relatively undisturbed.

Adventures and Activities in Karagöl-Sahara National Park

The park offers many outdoor activities for adventure-seekers. Hiking and trekking are the most common. There is no shortage of trails, though they vary in difficulty and marking. The loop around Karagöl is the most accessible hike, as described above. For more challenge, trails climb up to the ridge or descend to alpine streams. According to travel reports, “there are various hiking trails around Karagöl and Sahara Plateau”. In practice, you might connect forest trails with meadow tracks. Plan for a half-day or full-day hike to cover significant ground.

Camping is a popular way to extend the adventure. Both Karagöl and Sahara have designated camping areas. At Karagöl, the site near the lodge includes tent platforms, a few rustic cabins, and pit toilets. You can literally set up a tent at the lakeshore if you wish – the Turkish Airlines travel blog enthusiastically notes that “you can camp by the lake, in a tent, caravan or bungalow”. On Sahara, camping fields have flat spots and wooden shelters. Wild camping (away from the official sites) is also tolerated if done responsibly, though some springs restrict open fires. In any case, campers must pack out garbage and avoid damaging vegetation. A night under the stars here can be magical, as the sky is very clear with minimal light pollution.

Beyond hiking and camping, other activities include:

• Fishing: With a permit, anglers can fish in Karagöl. Trout here are wild and quite tough, making fishing an interesting challenge. (Many anglers practice catch-and-release out of respect.) The fish are known locally as prize catches on the rare warm summer day when trout bite aggressively. Fishing can be a relaxing way to enjoy the lake in silence.
• Boat Tours: In summer, small boat rental (rowing or paddling) allows you to cruise a short distance on Karagöl. The water is calm, and a boat gives you a chance to reach mid-lake views. Swimming is possible but cold; only very brave souls swim here even in July. Floating quietly can also help one observe underwater wildlife or skip rocks on the glassy surface.
• Nature Photography: See the next section below for full details.
• Picnicking: Many families simply enjoy picnics by the water. There are some stone picnic benches at Karagöl and flat grassy areas on Sahara ideal for spread-out lunches. Bring fresh bread, cheese and fruit from Şavşat (or local trout and vegetables) and dine with a view.
• Winter Sports: In deep winter, heavy snow blankets the park. Experienced visitors do cross-country skiing or snowshoeing around Karagöl. Grass skiing (yes, skis on the turf) has even been tried on the plateau’s gentle slopes. These activities require proper winter camping skills, however; many travelers avoid the park in winter due to extreme cold and road closures.

An unusual local pastime is to visit Karagöl for grass skiing in the off-season. The official highlights mention that the area near Bagat (just northeast of Karagöl) is “good for grass-skiing”. This refers to people strapping short skis to their boots and running down the grassy hillside. It’s not organized commercially, but adventurous travelers have enjoyed it when the grass is dry.

Whatever the activity, the key is to plan it yourself (there are few guided tour operators here) and always be prepared with maps and supplies. The park’s serenity rewards those who arrive ready to explore.

Accommodation Guide: Where to Stay In and Around the Park

Inside Karagöl-Sahara National Park itself, accommodation is extremely limited. The only official lodge is a small wooden cabin at the Karagöl lakeshore.

One of the park’s limited accommodations is the government-run Karagöl Mountain Lodge, perched under tall pines at the west end of the lake. It provides about a dozen simple beds (bunkrooms with minimal furnishings). There is no heating in cold months and no restaurant or kitchen services. Guests must bring their own bedding, food, and fuel. Another source mentions the lodge having up to 20 beds, likely including additional annex cabins or bunk spaces. In any case, this lodge operates seasonally (generally open late spring through early autumn) and can fill up on warm weekends. Reservations are handled by the local forestry authority in Şavşat; if it’s your dream stay, book well in advance.

For a closer-to-nature stay, the Karagöl camping area (adjacent to the lodge) offers bungalow tents and caravans. According to travel guides, the site has “private camp options… with food and toilet facilities”. This means you can rent a covered wooden tent or bring your own, and there are communal toilets. Because it’s by the lake, these accommodations are rustic but legendary for morning tranquility.

Most visitors instead lodge in Şavşat town (about 45 km south). Şavşat has the widest range of hotels, guesthouses, and pensions. Options vary from simple family-run inns to boutique forest chalets. Notable places include Hotel Kaçkar (a wooden chalet-style hotel with mountain decor) and Gorgit Hotel, both in central Şavşat. There are also smaller pensions and hostels catering to budget travelers. In nearby villages (e.g. Camili, Ortaköy), you can find eco-lodges and homestays that highlight local culture and cuisine.

Even more adventurous is staying on plateau villages: for example, Arsiyan Yayla and Taşlıdere have basic guest huts where shepherds sometimes host guests (by reservation). Alternatively, several boutique hotels in Artvin city advertise “Karagöl tours” and include a night in the heart of nature as part of the package, though this can be pricey.

Camping outside the park: If you’re okay with roughing it, there are many lakeside and mountain campsites. In addition to Karagöl itself, you might consider the nearby Borçka Karagöl campsites (just 50 km away) as backups. In Şavşat there is a government campground on Arsiyan Plateau, and some open spaces where wild camping is tolerated. Always ask a local where overnight camping is safest.

**Booking Tips: Do book early for summer travel. Even though Karagöl-Sahara is remote, Şavşat hotels can fully book on busy weekends (especially when local holidays coincide). Rates are moderate by international standards – roughly USD 50–100 per night for a double in summer – but inflation is high, so watch pricing. Tools like Booking.com and Expedia list only a handful of options; exploring Turkish sites or calling guesthouses directly may reveal more choices. According to pricing analyses, the cheapest lodging rates in the area occur in January–February, with peaks in late July. If your dates are fixed, booking as soon as possible is wise, and consider shoulder months (June or September) for better deals.

The Cultural Heartbeat: History, Geology, and Local Life

A Journey Through Time: The History of the Region

The area around Karagöl-Sahara has a rich but often unwritten history. The very name Şavşat appears in medieval Georgian chronicles, as it was part of the ancient Kingdom of Lazica and later Greater Armenia, then the Georgian Bagratid realms. “Savsat” was an old trading post on caravan routes. Ottoman tax registers from the 15th–18th centuries mention Şavşat and its surrounding villages as mountain farming communities.

Within modern Turkey, the region changed hands and borders several times (notably during the Turkish–Russian conflicts of the 19th–20th centuries). After 1921 the area was assigned to the Republic of Turkey. Yet despite political shifts, local life remained centered on grazing, beekeeping, and small-scale orchards. There are no great temples or ruins inside the park itself; the human history here is mostly traditional villages and pastoral ways.

The explicit preservation of this landscape came only recently. On August 31, 1994, the Turkish government declared Karagöl and Sahara a national park. The official decree set aside 3,766 hectares of “natural beauty” to be protected. This was part of a broader move in the 1990s to safeguard Artvin’s ecosystems. (Interestingly, a government tourism page notes that preserving the area’s “natural beauty” was the impetus for the park’s creation.) In practice, since then new construction and resource extraction have been prohibited. This protection status is the main reason why the lake and plateau feel so pristine today.

The Geological Story of the Park

Karagöl-Sahara’s dramatic terrain owes much to its geology. Karagöl is geologically young in the grand scheme: it occupies a basin created by a massive landslide (as mentioned above) in sedimentary bedrock. The Ministry of Culture explains that the Karagöl area is underlain by Paleocene to Neogene sedimentary rocks which are crisscrossed by fissures from tectonic uplift. When a landslide collapsed one slope, it dammed a valley, forming Karagöl. This event also created the steep hillsides that funneled material into the lake. You can still see the broken rock faces on the slope near the lodge.

On the other hand, the Sahara Plateau sits on volcanic rock. Officials note that Sahara’s surface “has a geological structure formed by the basalt cover of the region”. This refers to layers of basalt lava that once flowed and then cooled to form a hard cap. Over time, erosion carved gentle slopes and flat areas. The basalt layers can break into pebbles and sand, which is why some plateau trails are dusty. These basalt soils are fertile, nurturing the grasslands. Hikers may occasionally spot columnar basalt outcrops at plateau edges or grottos. Thus, the park encompasses both sedimentary-landslide and volcanic-basalt geologies – a rare combination that shapes its two landscapes.

The Pancar Festival: A Celebration of Local Culture

Among the region’s cultural highlights is the Pancar (beetroot) Festival. Every late summer (around mid-August), villagers hold a gathering on the highlands of the park to celebrate the sugar beet harvest. According to park literature, at the River Resat basin (about 1,800 m altitude) “there is a Pancar (beetroot) festival every year”. The event draws hundreds of locals and curious visitors.

At the festival, mountainsides are festooned with garlands of drying beets, and communal tables overflow with beet dishes (soups, salads, roasted beets, even beet preserves). There is folk music, traditional dancing in Kurdish/Georgian styles, and booth-vendors selling crafts or local breads. The Turkish tourism description notes that this festival gives a “significant economic boost” to the area, which means it is partly promoted to visitors as an agritourism attraction. For many mountain families, it is as much a religious feast (prayers for good harvest) as a social party.

For visitors, the Pancar Festival is a vivid window into local Highland culture. If your trip aligns, it transforms the plateau into a lively scene: herders in wool coats and felt hats mingle with urban tourists, hearty local food is shared freely, and the plateau reverberates with songs of the region. (Ask in Şavşat for the festival’s date if you visit in July–August; it’s not fixed on calendars, but held when the beets are ripe.) Even outside festival time, the cultural imprint is felt: one might see villagers in traditional mısır ekmeği (cornbread) cooking off crusty bread ovens, or hear Georgian dialect in the taverns.

Interestingly, Şavşat town itself has gained recognition as one of Turkey’s “Cittaslow” cities (Turkey’s 10th). This means the local community prides itself on maintaining traditional crafts, cuisine, and a relaxed pace of life – a reflection of the same cultural values seen at Karagöl and Sahara.

A Photographer’s Dream: Capturing the Beauty of Karagöl-Sahara

Nature photographers will be thrilled by Karagöl-Sahara’s stunning vistas. From dawn mist on the still Black Lake to dramatic cloudscapes over the Sahara meadows, the visual variety is immense. As one guide colorfully notes, “the lake and plateau offer wonderful frames for nature photographers”.

Karagöl Shots: The most sought-after photo is sunrise with low mist over the lake. Position yourself at the lodge or parking side to catch the lake mirroring pink sky. Another classic is a fall shot: in autumn, the few broadleaf trees around Karagöl glow red and orange against the evergreen pines. The Efkâr Hill viewpoint (see above) gives a sweeping panorama of Karagöl’s basin – perfect with a telephoto or even a panorama stitch. In summer, reflections of wildflowers at the lakeshore can make for pretty foreground detail against the water.

Sahara Shots: On the plateau, wide-angle lenses capture scale. A favorite is shooting toward sunset with long shadows of sheep or juniper bushes. If a storm is brewing, clouds dramatically sweep over the green fields – wait for breaks in clouds to let rays spotlight patches. Rainbows are not rare on Sahara since evening rains are common; a rainbow over the plateau can be unforgettable. In early fall, after grass dries, the gold-brown plains against a blue sky create painterly contrasts.

General Tips:

• Light: Aim for early morning or late afternoon. At midday, the light can be harsh on the plateau (there’s nowhere to hide from sun or washout).
• Seasons: Spring wildflowers (especially on Karagöl’s banks), summer greens, autumn gold, and winter snow each offer different palettes. Think about the story you want: a lush lake scene or a misty plateau in fall?
• Equipment: A sturdy tripod aids low-light shots. Use a polarizer to reduce glare on the water and saturate skies.
• Be Patient: Wildlife shots require waiting; fish might flash in the shallow water at Karagöl. For birds, bring a zoom lens.
• Rules: Respect park regulations – drones require special permits, and off-trail hiking to frame a shot should still follow safety.

One unmissable viewpoint is Efkâr Tepesi above the lake. A Turkish Airlines travel note specifically advises: “Make sure to climb the Efkâr Hill, to view the breathtaking views”. From there, an unobstructed vista of the lake and surrounding hills can yield a once-in-a-lifetime photo (often showing Karagöl as a perfect mirror).

In short, pack your camera gear early. Every corner of the park offers a photographer’s inspiration.

Sustainable Tourism and Park Conservation

Karagöl-Sahara National Park is a fragile ecosystem and a precious community resource. Its protection is the reason it remains so pristine. As visitors, we have a responsibility to preserve this environment and support the people who steward it.

The park’s ecological significance is high: as part of the Euxine-Colchic forests (a biodiversity hotspot), it hosts ecosystems not found in many other places. Threats like illegal logging, uncontrolled grazing, or littering can degrade this habitat. The park’s protected status means cutting trees or mining the land is forbidden, but enforcement is limited by remoteness.

Responsible Visitation: When in the park, always follow Leave No Trace principles. Pack out all waste (there are no garbage bins inside), even biodegradable scraps. Refill only at town; do not use park flowers or branches for decoration or fuel. Wildlife viewing is wonderful, but do not feed or approach animals. Stay on designated trails when possible to avoid trampling alpine plants. If camping, use existing fire rings or stoves (fires can scar the soil). The tourism authority itself emphasizes collecting your garbage and not damaging natural areas.

Support the Local Community: The park surrounds are inhabited by mountain people who benefit when tourism is managed well. Eating in local restaurants, buying honey or handicrafts from villagers, and staying in family-run inns all contribute to the local economy. For example, the Pancar festival and plateau grazing are traditional practices; by visiting at those times, tourists provide income to villagers. Likewise, hiring local guides or drivers (instead of outside agencies) keeps tourist spending in the region.

In Şavşat, look for ecological souvenir shops that sell local tea, fruit jams, and wool crafts. Contributing to these preserves traditional livelihoods. The Black Sea region also emphasizes “slow food” – try to order regional specialties (like borani soup or stuffed grape leaves) at eateries rather than fast food.

Finally, educate others. This very guide aims to spread awareness – if your trip is conversation-worthy, share the park’s story with friends. Conservation ultimately depends on collective respect. By traveling responsibly, you ensure that Karagöl-Sahara’s trails, forests, and festivals endure.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Karagöl-Sahara National Park

How do I get to Karagöl from Trabzon?
Karagöl-Sahara NP is roughly 300 kilometers from Trabzon by road. The common route is driving or bus west from Trabzon through Trabzon–Gümüşhane–Bayburt to Artvin city, then north to Şavşat and onward to Karagöl. The road from Trabzon to Şavşat alone takes about 4–5 hours. From Şavşat, Karagöl is a 45 km drive (≈1h). Alternatively, one can fly to Rize–Artvin Airport and approach via Artvin for shorter travel time.

What is the distance between Trabzon and Artvin?
The distance from Trabzon to the city of Artvin is about 228–230 km by road. From Artvin to Karagöl is an additional ~85 km.

Is Karagöl in Trabzon or Artvin?
Karagöl-Sahara National Park is entirely within Artvin Province. It is located in the Şavşat district of Artvin.

What is Karagöl-Sahara National Park known for?
It is known for its two core attractions: the forest-fringed mountain lake (Karagöl) and the high-altitude plateau (Sahara). The park is celebrated for its scenic pine groves, peaceful nature, and biodiversity. Additionally, the annual Pancar (beet) festival and other local traditions draw visitors to its cultural side.

Are there accommodations in Karagöl-Sahara National Park?
Within the park itself, facilities are very limited. The only formal accommodation is a small government mountain lodge at Karagöl (about a dozen beds). There are a few bungalow cabins and camping tents available at the Karagöl site. For most travelers, Şavşat town is where lodging is found – it has guesthouses, hotels, and pensions. In the nearby village of Efkalı, one can also rent a shepherd’s hut for a rustic experience.

What activities can you do in the park?
Popular activities include hiking (trails through Karagöl’s forests and across Sahara’s meadows), camping by the lake or on the plateau (tents or small cabins), fishing in Karagöl (trout and carp), and photography. In winter, some cross-country skiing or snowshoeing is possible. There are also shorter nature walks and picnics for casual visitors. No car tours or amusement attractions exist – it’s an unstructured wilderness adventure.

When is the best time to visit Karagöl-Sahara National Park?
Summer (June–August) is generally the best time for comfortable weather and full greenery. However, Spring (April–May) is beautiful for wildflowers and fewer crowds, and Autumn (September–October) offers splendid fall colors. The park is technically open all year, but heavy winter snow closes the roads, so if you’re not experienced with winter mountain travel, avoid December–March.

Are there entrance fees for Karagöl-Sahara National Park?
No, there are no entrance fees for visitors. Entry is free and unrestricted (the park roads and trails are open). You only pay small parking or camping fees, if any.

Can you camp in Karagöl-Sahara National Park?
Yes. There are designated camping areas by Karagöl and on the Sahara plateau. Tents, RVs, and bungalows are allowed with permission. Wild camping (setting up a tent away from formal sites) is also common, as long as you clean up afterwards and follow fire regulations. Always check local rules on campfires.

What is the wildlife like in Karagöl-Sahara National Park?
The park hosts typical Eastern Black Sea fauna. Mammals include brown bear, wolf, red deer, wild boar, fox, badger, and possibly lynx (though these large animals are very shy). Smaller mammals (squirrels, rabbits, martens) are frequently seen. Bird species are abundant – look for falcons, buzzards, woodpeckers and many songbirds. At the lake, expect trout. There are also turtles and frogs near water. No dangerous large snakes are known here.

Are there guided tours available?
Formal guided tours specifically for Karagöl-Sahara NP are rare, given the park’s rustic nature. Some local guesthouses in Şavşat can arrange a guide or driver to take you around for a day. You might also find English-speaking naturalist guides from Artvin city who can be booked privately. Otherwise, most visitors explore on their own with advice from locals or map apps.

Is Karagöl-Sahara National Park family-friendly?
Yes, it is generally suitable for families with children. Trails around the lake are not too steep and can be done by older kids. Families often enjoy camping together at the lake. That said, there are no playgrounds or facilities, so it is a “bring-your-own entertainment” kind of place. Parents should keep a close eye on children near cliffs or the water. Facilities (toilets, shops) are minimal, so plan accordingly. For a more comfortable family stay, many choose a Şavşat hotel and make day trips into the park.

What are the geological features of the park?
Geologically, Karagöl is in a sedimentary basin (Paleogene/Neogene rocks) that was dammed by a landslide. Sahara, by contrast, is capped by hardened basalt lava flows. This results in Karagöl being a circular mountain lake with forest slopes, and Sahara being a broad flat plateau with grassy fields. The combination of a landslide lake and a volcanic plateau in one park is quite special.

Conclusion: Your Adventure Awaits

Karagöl-Sahara National Park is a hidden jewel of Turkey’s Black Sea region. Its twin landscapes – a mirror-like mountain lake and an open alpine meadow – offer unparalleled tranquility and variety. By visiting, you step into a realm of pristine nature, where the air is fresh, the waters clear, and the only sounds are birdsong and wind in the pines.

This guide has shown that getting there and exploring requires a bit of effort, but every step is rewarded with breathtaking beauty. Whether you hike the shady Karagöl trail, pitch a tent under the stars by the lake, or wander the vast Sahara fields at sunset, you will find that Karagöl-Sahara lives up to its nickname of a paradise in the heart of nature.

As you plan your trip, remember: leave the park as you found it. Respect the people and wildlife of this mountain home. Do not litter, follow local guidance, and cherish the quiet. Do so, and Karagöl-Sahara will remain for others to discover its magic. Your adventure here is not just about scenery – it is an immersion in a landscape and a culture that few will ever know. Enjoy every moment of it responsibly, and you will leave with memories (and photos) that last a lifetime.