Haci Bayram Mosque
Hacı Bayram Mosque and its slender minaret stand immediately alongside the marble remnants of the Roman Temple of Augustus. This striking juxtaposition of faiths – a first-century sanctuary abutting a 15th-century Ottoman mosque – gives a hint of the site’s layered significance. Inscriptions on the temple walls memorialize the deeds of Emperor Augustus, while the mosque’s founder is entombed just inside. Over centuries this precinct has served as both a sacred place of worship and a living monument to Ankara’s long history. It was recognized in 2016 on Turkey’s UNESCO Tentative World Heritage List as a locus where ancient and Islamic heritage converge.
Stepping into Hacı Bayram Mosque is to step into a living tableau. At each adhan (call to prayer), the muezzin’s voice echoes from the ancient minaret, punctuating the chatter of bazaars and cafés below. Pilgrims and locals slip in and out: some to offer silent devotion at the saint’s tomb, others simply to admire the blue-and-white tilework and painted wooden ceilings. The air is punctuated by the mingled scents of Turkish coffee from the nearby teahouses and prayer incense inside the mosque. In the sunlit courtyard children scamper under stone archways, while tour groups linger at the fountain – the scene feels both everyday and sacred. In this way, the mosque serves as a bridge across time: antique Roman columns are literally in view of worshippers preparing for Salat, and modern Ankara life unfolds on the adjacent square just as it did under Ottoman rule.
The Life and Legacy of Hacı Bayram Veli: The Man Behind the Mosque
Who Was Hacı Bayram Veli? A Biographical Deep Dive
Hacı Bayram-ı Veli (1352–1430) was an eminent Ottoman-era Sufi poet, saint, and mystic who founded the Bayramiye order. Born Muhyiddin in the Black Sea city of Solfasol, he later adopted the name “Bayram” after encountering his spiritual master, Somuncu Baba, during the Festival of Sacrifice (Kurban Bayramı). Known for his eloquent Persian and Turkish hymns, Bayram-ı Veli spent his youth immersed in Islamic studies. By his twenties he had become a leading shaykh of the Naqshbandi order. His reputation as a holy man was marked by asceticism, wisdom, and a reputed ability to perform miracles – qualities that earned him widespread veneration.
His Early Life and Education
As a youth in Ankara, Bayram Veli was drawn to the hermit Somuncu Baba (the “Bread Baker Saint”) at Kastamonu. After completing his basic religious education, he lived in Somuncu’s dervish lodge for years, studying Quran, hadith, and Sufi practice. The Wikipedia records that it was on a pilgrimage to Mecca that his teacher Somuncu Baba passed away. On his return journey in 1413, Bayram Veli took over as head of his master’s followers. Legend has it that during his Hajj he received a vision confirming his spiritual destiny – a tale attesting to his charismatic, almost prophet-like status. In any case, upon return he established his own center in Ankara.
His Spiritual Journey and the Founding of the Bayrami Order
Hacı Bayram’s greatest legacy was the Bayramiye (Bayrami) Sufi order. He founded a new tekke (dervish lodge) in Ankara on the very site where the mosque and tomb now stand. There he taught disciples in a form of Islam that blended mystical devotion with ordinary life. Bayram Veli emphasized that one could remember God (perform dhikr) even while farming or doing crafts – a practical spirituality that appealed to common people. The Wikipedia article notes that “people came from far and near to learn the lessons of Sufism” from him, and the order quickly attracted a large following. By 1412, Bayram-ı Veli was recognized as the leader (shaykh) of the Bayramiye order. Under his guidance, the order grew and spread beyond Ankara.
The Philosophy and Teachings of Hacı Bayram Veli
Core Tenets of the Bayrami Sufi Order
The Bayramiye order had unique emphases. Unlike some mystics who dwelt solely in prayer, Bayram Veli taught that God’s love permeates everyday life. He urged his followers to engage in honest work and manual labor, viewing these as acts of devotion. According to one account, the order “introduced a new element of productive labor to the world of dervishes,” encouraging adherents to farm, make pottery, and weave carpets as part of their spiritual discipline. In practice this meant dhikr (repetitive remembrance of God) could be done rhythmically even while plowing a field or forging iron. Another biography notes that Bayram-ı Veli insisted his disciples combine saintly humility with social contribution, breaking with the stereotype of Sufis living in total seclusion. In essence, the Bayramiye married deep devotion with an ethically grounded daily life.
His Influence on Ottoman Society and Culture
Hacı Bayram Veli’s stature extended beyond his own lodge. He became a counselor to Ottoman rulers: Sultan Murad II summoned him to the capital Edirne on multiple occasions. When Murad II was uncertain which prince would conquer Constantinople, it was Bayram Veli who prophesied that Prince Mehmed (later Fatih Sultan Mehmed) would succeed. In a famous episode, Bayram sent his disciple Akşemseddin to tutor the young Mehmed II in Islamic scholarship – a mentoring that many historians cite as instrumental in the Mehmed’s later conquest of Istanbul. The chronicles of the era regard Bayram-ı Veli as a key figure in legitimizing the Ottoman leadership with spiritual authority. After his death in 1430 (on the very mosque site), he was hailed as one of the most exalted saints in Turkish Islam. Indeed, all major Sufi lineages in Anatolia came to regard him as a Qutb (spiritual pole) of his generation. His mausoleum quickly became a pilgrimage spot, and anniversaries of his passing were marked by devotional gatherings, cementing his enduring influence on Ottoman culture.
Why Is Hacı Bayram Veli So Important in Turkish Culture?
His Role as a Spiritual Guide and Social Leader
Beyond the personal miracles and prophecies, Hacı Bayram Veli played the role of a unifying spiritual figure for Anatolia. He lived at a turning point when the Ottoman state was consolidating its power. By teaching both commoners and elites, Bayram Veli bridged the gap between the palace and the people. His teachings – emphasizing compassion, charity, and work – helped shape social norms. His own descendants and followers ran charitable kitchens (imarets) and schools in his name. In a concrete sense, he served as a moral guide to sultans and subjects alike. Turkish history textbooks recall him as the man who blessed Mehmed the Conqueror’s cause. In folk memory he is seen as a patient mentor, a protector of the needy, and a miracle-worker. The city of Ankara itself reveres him: naming the central district after him reflects the sense that Hacı Bayram put a spiritual stamp on the capital.
His Enduring Legacy in Modern Turkey
Even today, Hacı Bayram-ı Veli is a potent cultural symbol. Pilgrims continue to visit his tomb, seeking blessings or offering thanks. The mosques bearing his name – notably this one in Ankara and another in Istanbul – attest to his broad legacy. Every year on his death anniversary, believers commemorate his life with special readings and prayers in Turkey. Public monuments and street names commemorate him as well. The Turkish government’s own cultural site emphasizes his historical stature, calling him one of Ankara’s “most important mosque[s]”. Scholars frequently note that Hacı Bayram occupies a rare place in Turkish heritage as both a worldly guide and a man of God. Through folklore, literature, and architecture (namely this mosque), his memory is woven into the national fabric – not as a remote past figure, but as a living saint of Turkey’s heartland.
A Walk Through History: Origins and Evolution of the Haci Bayram Mosque
A Sacred Site Through the Ages: From Roman Temple to Byzantine Church
Long before the Ottoman Empire, this raised plateau in Ulus was Ankara’s acropolis. Archaeology shows sacred precincts dating back to the 8th century BC. In the Roman era, after Galatia became a province, Emperor Augustus (25–20 BC) erected a grand temple here dedicated to Rome and Augustus. The marble Temple of Augustus (visible today in ruins) stood on a high podium with tens of Ionic columns. Its walls carried the emperor’s own Res Gestae inscriptions, key evidence of Roman history. With the advent of Christianity in the 6th century AD, Byzantine rulers converted the temple into a church. They pierced its cella with windows and built an apse, turning the cult chamber into a nave. Thus the site continuously served worshippers for millennia: first pagans to Zeus and Men, then Christians, and finally Muslims. Each generation left architectural traces. By the late Middle Ages, only the core walls of the temple survived – on two of them (the front and back) the Latin and Greek texts of Augustus still survive to this day.
The Construction of the Original Mosque in the 15th Century
The Initial Design and Materials
When Hacı Bayram Veli decided to establish a lodge in Ankara, he (or his patron Mehmet Bey) commissioned a new mosque in 1427–28 (year 831 AH). This first structure was modest. It measured roughly 20 by 20 meters (about 66 by 66 feet) and had a single dome resting on four heavy piers. The walls appear to have been laid in alternating layers of cut stone and brick – a common Anatolian technique – with a tile roof sloping gently toward the eaves. The marble podium wall of the old Roman temple even became part of the south wall of the mosque. In other words, the new mosque literally abutted the ancient ruins. The minaret was attached to the south-east corner on a square stone base (as described in the official cultural site). No lavish columns or arches were used inside; instead, the interior was a simple square hall with a wooden ceiling. Such construction was typical of early Ottoman provincial mosques, where local masons used familiar masonry and carpentry rather than the fine ashlar of imperial buildings.
The Mosque’s Role in the Nascent Ottoman Capital
In the early 15th century, Ankara was a small but prominent regional town – for a period under the Ottomans, it served as a de facto capital. The new mosque quickly became a center of spiritual life. Followers of Bayram Veli flocked to its madrasa (religious school), and the mosque functioned as the hub of the Bayramiye order’s activities. In practical terms, it was where common people brought sick relatives for blessings, where caravans prayed before heading east, and where officials showed respect by visiting the tomb of the revered saint. The mosque also anchored a growing complex: a small imaret (soup kitchen) and madrasas likely stood nearby to feed and educate Bayram’s disciples. Thus, even in its earliest days, the mosque was more than a building; it was the linchpin of an active Sufi community in the new Ottoman realm.
Major Renovations and Expansions Through the Centuries
The 18th-Century Rebuilding: A New Era of Grandeur
Over time, both the mosque and the needs of its congregation grew. The most significant rebuild happened in 1714, when an inscription in the mosque records that Mehmet Baba (a descendant of Hacı Bayram) completely refurbished the structure. Ottoman chronicle tells that nearly every surface of the interior was repainted or replaced at that time. The wooden ceiling received new painted rosettes and borders, and new Kütahya tiles were installed on the walls. The courtyard’s fountain and porticos were upgraded. Essentially, the 1714 work turned an austere 15th-century building into a richly decorated 18th-century mosque. This explains why the character of Hacı Bayram Mosque today is more Baroque-Ottoman than medieval. Architectural historians note that it acquired “the unique character of Ankara mosques at the beginning of the 18th century”. No major structural change (like adding domes) occurred – the plan stayed rectangular – but the visual effect became far more ornate.
20th and 21st Century Restoration Efforts: Preserving a Masterpiece
By the 20th century, the building needed conservation. Inscriptions inside note that the General Directorate of Foundations undertook restoration in 1940 and 1947. These efforts repaired earthquake damage and replaced decayed wood. More recently, with Ankara’s growth and the area’s push toward UNESCO recognition, minor works have continued: cleaning the tile panels, reinforcing the minaret, and restoring the tomb’s portal. (In 2016 the whole Hacı Bayram district was added to Turkey’s tentative World Heritage list, which has brought attention and modest funding to preservation.) Despite these interventions, the mosque still shows wear: faded paintwork and patinated stone are visible. This patina, however, is part of its charm. Every renovation layer – Ottoman to Republican – is visible to the eye, making the mosque truly a living palimpsest of Turkish history.
The Mosque as a Witness to History: Key Events at Hacı Bayram
Over nearly six centuries, Hacı Bayram Mosque has quietly borne witness to momentous events. In Ottoman times it saw ceremonies for sultans and weddings of local dignitaries. During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), soldiers and refugees passed through its courtyard, and some say secret meetings of resistance figures took place in its shadows. In Republican Ankara, it remained a locus of daily life even as the city was rebuilt around it: crowds for Republic Day parades would assemble in Ulus Square next door, while the mosque continued to ring five times a day with the adhān. Even Acts of violence and unrest on the square have unfolded within hearing distance of its domes. Through it all, the mosque has remained stable – prayers have continued uninterrupted except in rare extreme cases – making it a constant in Ankara’s shifting narrative.
The Temple of Augustus and Rome: A Roman Masterpiece Beside a Mosque
The “Monumentum Ancyranum”: A Stone Inscription of Imperial Deeds
What is the Res Gestae Divi Augusti?
Carved on the walls of the Temple of Augustus is the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, the first-person account of Emperor Augustus’s reign. This “monumentum Ancyranum” is essentially Augustus’s autobiography in stone. According to UNESCO, after Augustus died in 14 AD, his funerary inscription (the Res Gestae) was published in Rome and sent to major cities of the empire. In Ankara (then Ancyra), it was engraved in both Latin and Greek on the temple walls. Today that copy is nearly the only surviving full text of the Res Gestae: two lost bronze pillars in Rome once held it, but Ankara’s stone preserve about 35 chapters of the Latin original with a corresponding Greek version beneath. In effect, the Temple of Augustus here is a priceless historical archive. Roman historians rely on these inscriptions for much of their knowledge about how Augustus himself viewed his achievements.
Significance for Roman Historians
Because the Ankara copies are almost complete, scholars consider the Monumentum Ancyranum one of the most important primary sources on the early Empire. The text details Augustus’s wars, public works, and political reforms – it was Augustus’s way of “letting posterity judge” his legacy. For example, it lists the taxes he remitted and the temples he built. Without the Ankara inscriptions, whole chapters of Roman imperial history would be lost. Modern tourists who peer at the weathered Latin and Greek lines on the temple’s cella walls are looking at the voice of one of the ancient world’s most powerful men.
The Architectural Marvel of the Temple
The Temple of Augustus was once a grand dipteral (or pseudodipteral) temple, meaning it had a double row of columns on each side. It measured roughly 36 x 54 meters and stood on a high platform. Originally it would have been ringed by 26 Ionic columns (eight on the short sides, fifteen on the long sides). The cella (inner chamber) likely housed statues of Augustus and Rome. In the 6th century, as Byzantines converted it to a church, architects inserted windows and an apse into the cella’s stone walls. Thus even these remains show trace elements of both classical and medieval uses. Standing today are fragmentary walls: much of the colonnade is gone, but several ruined pillars and pedestal blocks remain. The stone is light marble, now a silvery grey from age. It is a marvel that these walls still carry readable inscriptions. In this one small area, the craftsmanship of Rome endures.
The Unique Juxtaposition: Why Is a Roman Temple Next to a Major Mosque?
A Story of Coexistence and Layered Histories
The side-by-side presence of a pagan temple and a Muslim mosque is not a contrivance – it reflects centuries of continuous sacred use of the acropolis. As noted, the mosque was built directly against the north wall of the temple’s cella in 1427–28. Some scholars suggest that the temple’s empty chamber may even have been repurposed for some time as an Islamic madrasa (school) or prayer room in the early Ottoman period. In any case, rather than tearing down the temple completely, the builders of Hacı Bayram Mosque incorporated the ruins into the new complex. This pragmatism – building the new mosque on the old sacred ground – was not unusual: in Turkey’s hill towns it was common for mosques to reuse Byzantine or classical remains. The result is the remarkable coexistence we see today. One can walk from the mosque’s prayer hall directly into a space that was once holy to Roman emperors. In that sense, the site is a dialog between past and present faiths.
How the Two Structures Complement Each Other
Architecturally and visually, the temple and mosque create a narrative of time. The rough stone walls of the temple, pierced by ancient Greek and Latin text, provide a weathered backdrop to the warm-toned brick and painted wood of the mosque. Photographers love capturing a single shot that includes the mosque’s tall minaret framed by the temple’s columns – it tells a story no other site in Turkey can. Lit at the right hour, sunlight gleams off the Kütahya tiles inside the mosque and illuminates the temple’s crumbling arches in unison. In a poetic way, the temple’s endurance underscores the mosque’s lineage, and the mosque’s vitality shines life onto the temple. Together they remind visitors that Ankara’s ground has borne witness to millennia of devotion – and that the memory of the past remains inseparable from the present day worship here.
An Architectural Deep Dive into the Hacı Bayram Mosque
An Overview of the Mosque’s Architectural Style
Although its origins are 15th-century, today Hacı Bayram Mosque reflects multiple eras. Its plan is that of a small Ottoman congregational mosque – essentially a single-room prayer hall capped by one central dome. However, the visible details come mostly from the 18th-century Ottoman renovation. In style, it mixes influences from Seljuk Anatolia (e.g. use of a tall wooden roof) and later Ottoman provincial art. The marble and brick exterior has a sturdy, stone-bound feel, while the interior glows with later Ottoman woodwork and tile. It does not belong to any one canonical style – it is neither Seljukate nor classical Istanbul – but rather a fusion: a provincial Turkish mosque overlaid with Baroque-Ottoman ornament. It stands as a unique example of an Anatolian mosque that is both humble in form and richly decorated in detail. As one guide notes, it blends the restrained simplicity of Central Anatolian mosques with the colorful finish of 18th-century design.
The Exterior: A Study in Stone and Wood
The Minaret: A Beacon Over Ankara
One of the mosque’s defining features is its graceful minaret. Built on the southeast corner of the mosque’s courtyard, the minaret has a square stone base about a story high, giving it solidity. Above that rises a slender cylindrical brick shaft in a warm reddish-brown. Two wooden balconies (şerefes) circle the tower at different heights – from these the call to prayer is issued. The Ministry of Culture describes this structure: “a two-‘şerefe’ minaret with a square plan stone base and cylindrical brick walls”. An Arabic inscription (the Islamic declaration of faith) adorns the balcony’s underside. From a distance, the minaret is easily spotted climbing above the neighborhood rooftops, a familiar landmark seen from parks and streets across Ulus.
The Courtyard and Ablution Fountain
In front of the mosque is a modest open courtyard (avlu). Plain stone paving covers the floor, and an aged plane tree offers welcome shade to visitors. At the center stands a traditional şadırvan (ablution fountain) under a hexagonal wooden canopy. Here worshippers rinse hands and feet before prayer – the stone fountain basin and carved wooden roof are typical Ottoman additions. Although it is mostly utilitarian, the fountain is trimmed in simple geometric tiles and inscriptions, blending Islamic art with function. To the northwest of the fountain is the mosque’s entrance gate – a low arch of cut stone emblazoned with a verse from the Qur’an, reminding all who enter of the sacredness within. (The inscriptions themselves have weathered away, but the stonework remains.) The courtyard’s walls abut the temple ruins, so that one side of this Muslim courtyard is literally the ancient church wall of Roman Ancyra. This unusual setting – an ablution fountain beside a Roman column stump – is typical of the historical layering here.
The Interior: A Sanctuary of Intricate Detail
Stepping inside, one enters a single broad hall. The floor is entirely covered with deep-red prayer carpets. Above, the wooden ceiling soars, painted in vivid hues. In the center of the ceiling is a large hexagonal medallion (rosette) with interlaced floral motifs – a common Anatolian design. Six wide wooden beams radiate from this rosette to support the roof, and between them are smaller painted panels with arabesques. According to the Turkish Ministry, “the hexagonal large rosette in the center of the ceiling is framed with six rows of flowered borders,” reflecting its elaborate 18th-century makeover.
The Prayer Hall: Layout and Decoration
The hall has no separate aisles or dome piers; it is one uninterrupted prayer space, giving a sense of unity. On the north side is a raised wooden gallery (mahfil) for women. It is reached by stairs and supported on two columns; the ceiling of the gallery is slightly lower, also painted with floral cornices. The walls along three sides are covered with rectangular kütahya tile panels up to the windows. These tiles (mostly in shades of blue, turquoise, and white) bear repeating flower and vine patterns. UNESCO notes that “Kütahya tiles are placed up to the top of the windows”, transitioning above to a plain plaster wall with a carved wooden cornice. The low windows themselves have stained glass and pointy-arch frames. Together, the tiles and painted cornices infuse the interior with color and softness.
The Mihrab, Minbar, and Kursu: Masterpieces of Craftsmanship
In the qibla wall (the southeast wall) is the mihrab – the niche indicating the direction of Mecca. This mihrab is carved in plaster in the form of a tiered muqarnas stalactite vault. Five lines of Quranic verses run across its pointed pediment. On either side of the archway one can still read the repeated word “Allah” (God) in elegant Thuluth script. The craftsmanship is sophisticated for its time. The adjacent minbar (pulpit) is made of inlaid and painted wood. It employs the “kündekari” technique (wood strips fitted together without glue) and is richly colored. A historical inscription notes that the entire woodwork – doors, ceiling, minbar, and decorative panels – was executed by the renowned craftsman Nakkaş Mustafa. Indeed, the detail work on the minbar steps and handrails, as well as the painted script around the hall (mostly verses of praise), is considered among Ankara’s finest Ottoman-era woodwork. In short, the focal walls of the prayer hall display a masterful blend of calligraphy, tile art, and carved wood.
The Stunning İznik and Kütahya Tiles: A Symphony in Blue
Though smaller than Istanbul’s imperial mosques, Hacı Bayram’s tilework is still significant. The walls are clad with 18th-century Kütahya tiles – thick, hand-painted ceramics made in Anatolia. The patterns are mostly leafy arabesques and floral medallions in cobalt blue and emerald on cream backgrounds. The effect is to soften the stone walls with a cool palette. Notably, the tiles stop at window-sill height: above them a continuous carved wooden frieze (painted with palmettes) leads the eye up to the plain plaster walls. While not as extensive as the Blue Mosque’s tiles, this local ceramic art is one reason visitors come: it exemplifies regional Ottoman style. Some İznik tiles (from the famed Ottoman workshop) are thought to have been used on the mihrab and fountain, but the bulk is provincial Kütahya.
The Painted Wooden Ceilings and Calligraphy
The ceiling deserves special mention. Its centerpiece – the big painted rosette – draws the eye immediately. Six pictorial panels around it feature arabesque scrolls and sometimes stylized calligraphy of the Prophet’s name. The frames and cornices are painted rich red and gold. This polychrome wooden ceiling was characteristic of the early 18th century, when Baroque influences entered Anatolian mosques. The edges of the ceiling are lined with calligraphic inscriptions (mostly Quranic verses about God’s oneness and the Prophet) painted in white on a red band. Though time has dulled some colors, the intricate workmanship is still apparent. Closer to the walls, bands of interlacing vines alternate with bands of Arabic script. In sum, the interior ceiling is like a painted tent – an ornate canopy over the congregation. It contrasts markedly with the cold stone of the exterior, showing how the mosque’s heart was meant to feel alive and sanctified.
The Tomb of Hacı Bayram Veli: A Place of Pilgrimage
The Architecture of the Türbe
Attached to the inner south wall (qibla wall) of the mosque is the türbe (mausoleum) of Hacı Bayram Veli himself. It was completed in 1429, just a year after Bayram’s death. Architecturally, the türbe is a classic Ottoman mausoleum form: a cubical chamber (roughly 6m by 6m) transitioning via squinches to an octagonal drum and then covered by a low dome. Its facade is faced in marble, with an elaborate portal. The archway of the portal is highlighted by alternating stripes of black and white marble – a “Ablaq” pattern – set in a lobed arch frame. Behind this main door (which has since been moved to Ankara’s Ethnography Museum for preservation), one would enter the tomb chamber. Inside, the walls are mostly plain plaster. The center of the floor holds the two stone sarcophagi (sandukas): one contains Hacı Bayram’s bones, the other holds his grandson Mehmet Baba. Historical records praise this türbe as “one of the best examples of 15th-century mausoleums in Ankara”. Its design – marble façade, octagon-to-dome transition, and bichrome portal – is an elegant mix of Seljuk and early Ottoman style, befitting a revered saint.
Rituals and Veneration at the Tomb
Muslims have venerated this türbe for centuries. Though no official pilgrimage ceremony is held, many believers stop here to pray or make vows. It is customary to remove one’s shoes and enter the tomb quietly, often circumnavigating the sarcophagus on the marble floor and placing a hand on the grille that encloses the grave. Some visitors write wishes on notes (dua) to leave tucked into the grille’s lattices. The atmosphere is hushed: soft Qur’an recitations are often heard from within. Importantly, the main prayer hall remains adjacent, so devotees can attend a lecture or chanting session downstairs, then come to the tomb to conclude their visit. Non-Muslims may observe from the doorway, but respectful protocol dictates that one should not enter the inner sanctum if they are not Muslim. In any case, the tomb of Hacı Bayram Veli remains the spiritual focus of the complex. Its continued use and upkeep (the marble is re-polished periodically by the foundations) show that even after 600 years, the man’s memory is alive in his community.
A Practical Guide for Visitors
Planning Your Visit: Everything You Need to Know
Location and How to Get to Hacı Bayram Mosque
Hacı Bayram Mosque stands in Ankara’s Ulus (old city) district, easily reached from anywhere in the capital. Its postal address is Sarıbağ Sokak No. 13, Ulus, Ankara. The easiest way by public transport is to take the Ankaray light metro to Ulus station (one stop from Kızılay). From the station, it’s a two-block walk north. Dozens of city buses also stop at Ulus Square or along nearby Fevzi Çakmak Boulevard. On foot, the mosque sits at the west end of a pedestrian street lined with shops. It is practically adjacent to the Temple of Augustus – you cannot miss it on the small plaza. If driving, limited parking is available on side streets, but traffic can be busy. (Taxis will drop you at Sarıbağ Street in front of the mosque.) For international visitors, Ankara Esenboğa Airport is 28 km away – the easiest transfer is by HAVAS shuttle or taxi to Ulus. See the photo below for the narrow street approach:
A street-level view of Hacı Bayram Mosque’s entrance area. The mosque entrance is on a quiet side street off the bustling Ulus Square. Notice the sign and the fountain visible just past the gate. The mosque is located on Sarıbağ Sokak near İsmet İnönü Boulevard; it is a one-minute walk north from the Ulus metro stop.
Opening Hours and Best Times to Visit
The mosque is free to enter and has no ticket or entrance fee. It is open to visitors every day of the week, typically from dawn to dusk (as an active place of worship). According to travel guides, it is effectively open 24 hours, meaning visitors may pass through outside of prayer times. In practice, the safest plan is to visit in the morning or late afternoon. Friday noon (Jum’ah prayer) is the busiest time – the mosque fills with local worshippers and non-worshippers may be asked to wait. Off-season (winter) and midday can be dim for photography, so spring or fall mornings are ideal. (In fact, one guide specifically recommends spring and autumn in Ankara.) Note also that no visitors are allowed during the five daily prayer services. A typical prayer schedule for Ankara (which changes weekly) can be found online or on mosque notice boards. Plan your visit between these times – the building is welcoming to tourists then, as people finish ablutions and tours commence.
Mosque Etiquette for Non-Muslim Visitors
What to Wear: Respectful Attire for Men and Women
Hacı Bayram Mosque, though not strictly a tourist exhibit, welcomes foreign visitors who respect its religious significance. The key rule is modest dress. Men should wear long pants (no shorts) and T-shirts or shirts that cover their shoulders. Women should cover their legs (long skirt or pants) and shoulders; most Turkish women also cover their hair when entering, and many mosques distribute free headscarves if needed. It is recommended (though not always strictly enforced) that women cover their hair as a gesture of respect. Avoid wearing flashy or provocative clothes. Upon entering the prayer hall, everyone must remove their shoes (socks on feet are fine). Squatting or standing on the prayer carpets in shoes is considered disrespectful. If in doubt, note how local worshippers are dressed and follow their lead.
Behavior Inside the Mosque: Do’s and Don’ts
Inside the mosque, visitors should maintain a respectful demeanor. This means speaking softly or not at all, and generally sitting or standing still. The cemetery-like atmosphere of the tomb area calls for silence and contemplation. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum inside the mosque building. Pets are not allowed. Mobile phones should be silenced. One should not walk in front of someone who is praying, as it interrupts the devotion. Also avoid stepping above any Qur’an or religious books left on a stand. Loud jokes, music, or frivolous behavior are considered rude. Photography is permitted only in designated areas (see below), and during non-prayer times. If someone is taking a funeral prayer (zaned), step back. As a courtesy, many visitors say a quick “Selamünaleyküm” (peace be upon you) to any worshippers they pass, or simply nod the head in greeting. In short, treat the mosque as a holy space rather than a sightseeing spot – your sensitivity will be appreciated by both worshippers and guides.
Can I Take Photographs?
Yes, photography is generally allowed inside and outside Hacı Bayram Mosque, but with restraint. The TripClap travel tips advise that photos be taken only in “permitted areas”. In practice, this means: it is fine to photograph the empty interior (tiles, mihrab, etc.) and the courtyard. During prayer times, however, avoid pointing cameras at the congregation. If people are praying, step outside or focus on architectural details. No flash photography during services (it can distract worshippers). Keep the camera low-key – even inside, many locals quietly snap pictures on phones. For the best shots, time your visit to when the hall is empty: early morning is often quiet. Always ask a friendly guard or elder before photographing any living person. Outside, the rules are lenient: you may photograph the courtyard, fountain, minaret, and especially the view of the mosque against the sky. (The Temple of Augustus next door also makes a great backdrop for wide-angle shots.) Remember the etiquette above: no flashy poses on the prayer rugs, no climbing on sacred walls for a photo, and, of course, remove your shoes before lining up any formal group shot inside.
Are Guided Tours Available?
There is no official guided tour operated by the mosque itself. However, many tour companies and city guides include Hacı Bayram Mosque on Ankara Old City walking tours. If you book a “Historical Ankara” or “Ulus Quarter” tour, this site is almost always a stop. Alternatively, there are self-guided audio tour apps covering Ulus – these will usually have a section on Hacı Bayram, explaining its history as you walk. Inside the mosque you will not find an audio guide kiosk, but you can hire a licensed guide in Ulus to explain the details. Since the site is small, a thorough self-guided visit can take about one hour (including the temple ruins). Many visitors simply read an informative brochure (available at the front gate) or consult the well-illustrated panels outside.
Self-Guided Tour Itinerary
A practical self-tour begins at the front gate of the mosque. First, pause in the courtyard (the fountain and tomb entrance are here) to absorb the atmosphere. Walk through the single-story marble archway into the main hall. Inside, take your time admiring the mihrab niche, minbar, tiles, and ceiling. If you wish, leave a note at the tomb or light a candle, then step outside to also see the front façade with its Ottoman inscription band. Next, exit and turn right to visit the Temple of Augustus. A short stroll downhill leads to the impressive stone front of the temple (with its incomplete colonnade and inscriptions). Many visitors combine this stop with the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (just across the street) or a climb up to Ankara Castle. Two blocks south is the Ottoman Hamamönü district – a cluster of restored wooden houses now turned into handicraft shops and cafés (a pleasant detour). For refreshment, a traditional coffee or sherbet in one of the local cafés around the mosque offers a taste of Ankara life. In summary: mosque and tomb → Temple of Augustus → Ethnography/Anatolian Civilizations Museum → climb to citadel. Good maps and signs are posted in Ulus, making the circuit straightforward.
Prayer Times and Their Impact on Your Visit
As a working mosque, Hacı Bayram follows the five daily Islamic prayer times. These change with the season, but roughly they occur at dawn, noon (Öğle), afternoon (Ikindi), sunset (Akşam), and late evening (Yatsı). The largest gathering is on Friday at noon (Jum’ah prayer), when dozens of worshippers fill the hall. During each service, especially Friday, the main prayer area is reserved for Muslims in prayer. Tourists should plan around these. The calls to prayer (from the minaret) are melodious and add to the ambience, but they are your cue: if you hear “Allahu Akbar” in chorus, do not walk in front of the imam or take pictures. Many tourists choose to sit quietly in the courtyard during the 5-minute prayer, then resume their visit afterwards. Online smartphone “Prayertime” apps list the exact times for Hacı Bayram Mosque daily (today’s schedule is also often posted on the door).
The Hacı Bayram Mosque Complex and Surrounding Area
Exploring the Külliye: The Social Hub Around the Mosque
Historically, Hacı Bayram Mosque was the centerpiece of a small külliye (mosque complex). Adjacent to it (some on land now occupied by shops) there would have been a madrasa (Islamic school) and imaret (soup kitchen) run by the Bayrami order. Today much of the original medrese structure no longer exists, but its legacy remains. Behind the mosque are a couple of smaller tombs: one is the listed Osman Fazıl Paşa Mausoleum (18th century, octagonal with its own dome). Devotees’ houses and charity halls have long vanished, but the area still feels like a community center. Around the square you will find bookstalls selling religious texts, and shops offering prayer beads, lanterns, and Sufi music – a modest but vibrant marketplace for pilgrims. In short, while the grand külliye buildings are gone, the mosque’s environs still function as Ulus’s spiritual and social hub. Locals may linger in the courtyard after prayer, discussing city news; on any given evening one might catch a lesson in the adjacent tea garden or a small group performing mevlevi (whirling) dances on the street corner. The whole complex thus remains alive with the sense of service that Bayram Veli envisioned – a place of learning, charity, and community life.
What Else to See and Do Near Hacı Bayram Mosque
The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
Just a two-minute walk south is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, widely regarded as one of the finest history museums in the world. Housed in renovated Ottoman-era hans and baths, it displays artifacts from prehistoric times through the Seljuk period. Highlights include Hittite lion statues, Phrygian tomb relics, Persian sarcophagi, and Roman statues – all found in central Anatolia. Lonely Planet calls it a “staggering journey through history”. For visitors of Hacı Bayram Mosque, a stop here can put the mosque’s own history in context: you’ll see excavated fragments of Roman Ankara, early Turkish coins, and even pieces from the Temple of Augustus. The museum is air-conditioned and has an excellent café overlooking a courtyard, making it a perfect complement to the slightly less-structured experience at the mosque.
Ankara Castle
Climbing the steep hill just behind Ulus leads to Ankara Castle (Kale), an ancient fortification still encircled by imposing walls. The Castle district offers sweeping views over all of Ankara – on a clear day you can see the tile-green domes of Hacı Bayram below and the modern skyline beyond. Archaeologically, the site has layers from Hittite, Phrygian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods, though most remains are buried or built over. A few restored Seljuk-era towers stand sentinel. While at the summit, visitors often browse the narrow Çarşı streets, which house artisan shops and minuscule restaurants. The Castle area is a pleasant 15-minute walk north of Hacı Bayram Mosque (up Ulucanlar Street, past small bazaars) or a short taxi ride. It is well worth visiting for the dramatic vista alone, especially at sunset.
The Old City (Ulus) and Its Bazaars
The mosque sits in the heart of Ulus, Ankara’s centuries-old market quarter. Immediately around it are pedestrian lanes filled with shops selling crafts, antiques, carpets, ceramics and spices. Nearly every street has a çarşı (bazaar) name: here Samanpazarı specializes in pottery; there Kuyumcular Street has gold and silver shops; Uzunçarşı is the carpet bazaar; Kalpakçılar has leather goods. Even if shopping is not your goal, wandering these lanes gives a sense of daily life. Restored wooden Ottoman houses (some turned into bistros) cluster a block west near Hamamönü, a charming enclave now full of teahouses and handicraft boutiques. As evening falls, many locals convene for çay or kahve in the cafes around the mosque. For a traveler, the advice is simple: after exploring Hacı Bayram, step into the alleys and bazaars. Browse the bookshops selling religious titles and Republic-era Turkish history, sample street food (simit sesame rings, roasted corn, or ayran yogurt drink), and mingle with Turks going about their day. In this way, the vibrant fabric of Ankara life becomes part of the visit, a living complement to the ancient architecture.
The Cultural and Social Significance of Hacı Bayram Mosque Today
The Mosque as a Living Center of Worship and Community
Hacı Bayram Mosque is not a monument to the past – it is very much part of Turkey’s present. Five times every day (except during epidemic lockdowns, when even this place closed), the faithful gather here as their ancestors did. Hundreds of local residents treat it as their neighborhood mosque. In Ramadan, nightly Tarawih prayers see the hall lit by thousands of candles. On national holidays, it is decked with Turkish flags alongside religious banners. Sunni Muslims of all ages attend classes in its side rooms and Qur’an recitations. In short, the mosque still functions as a community center of worship. Many Ankarans have personal memories tied to it: a family’s circumcision ceremony here, a grandfather’s yatak (resting) sabah, or a first day at the local elementary school (nearby) marked by a prayer visit. Hacı Bayram continues to play these roles, ensuring that culture and faith remain woven together.
Festivals and Special Events at Hacı Bayram
The annual calendar includes at least two special occasions at the mosque. First is the ‘Vefat Yıldönümü’ (death anniversary) of Hacı Bayram Veli, traditionally observed on the day he passed in 1430 (roughly 8 January). On that day, Sufi disciples (and curious onlookers) hold a special vigil (mevlid), reciting the saint’s hymns and performing sema (whirling dances) near the türbe. Second is the Eid festivals (Ramazan Bayramı and Kurban Bayramı) – on these big holidays, many worshippers in Ankara make a point to come here for the first prayers, invoking the saint’s blessings on the new year. Beyond these, the mosque hosts occasional concerts of Mehter (Ottoman military band) music or ilahi (devotional song) on public festival nights, though such events are relatively recent innovations for tourism. In 2016, for example, a folklore group performed a Sufi music concert in the courtyard to celebrate the UNESCO nomination. Overall, while Hacı Bayram is less a site of mass festivals and more a day-to-day spiritual hub, it certainly plays a role in Ankara’s cultural festivities – especially whenever religion and history intersect.
The Role of the Mosque in Modern Ankara
In the context of Turkey’s rapidly modernizing capital, Hacı Bayram Mosque serves as an anchor of identity. It reminds residents and visitors that Ankara is not just concrete boulevards but a city with millennia of stories. Educational textbooks now use images of this mosque-square to illustrate chapters on Ottoman Ankara or the Republican period. Politicians from Ankara often host foreign dignitaries here on official tours to showcase the country’s heritage. The site is also a rallying point during civic events: on Republic Day, for instance, a contingent of flag-bearing citizens will often salute the mosque before parading. For students of religion and history, it symbolizes the enduring place of Islam in Turkish society (for better or worse). And for ordinary Turks, it is simply a beloved emblem of their city – one that they grew up passing every day on the bus or by in childhood. As one guidebook succinctly puts it, “Hacı Bayram Mosque remains one of the leading mosques in Ankara”, meaning it continues to matter both spiritually and culturally.
Photography Guide: Capturing the Beauty of Hacı Bayram Mosque
Best Spots for Photos (Interior and Exterior)
Photographically, Hacı Bayram rewards patience. Inside, the most striking shots are upward. From the prayer hall entrance or near the women’s gallery, a wide-angle lens can capture the full painted ceiling rosette and beams. Framing this with the tall wood-carved mihrab and minbar in the foreground produces an immersive interior shot. The tile panels along the walls are best shot straight-on (e.g. standing in the center aisle looking at the qibla wall) to capture their patterns without distortion. Outside, the classic image is taken from the west or northwest courtyard corner: here one can catch both the mosque façade and the Temple of Augustus in view. This vantage shows the mosque’s cream-colored walls next to the rust-red Roman stone and columns. The golden hour (sunset) light brings out the warm tones of the exterior and the minaret. Another angle is from the northeast, where the minaret rises above the temple ruin – this highlights the unique meeting of eras. At night, the mosque is floodlit: a tripod shot then reveals the mosque, temple, and minaret in stark relief against the dark sky. Don’t forget detail shots: close-ups of the mosaic fountains, the marble türbe portal, or the engraved wooden doors (for example, the entrance door moved to the Ethnography Museum) are all rewarding.
Tips for Respectful Photography
Always keep in mind the mosque is an active place of worship. As TripClap’s guide advises, refrain from using flash or tripods that block pathways, especially inside. Avoid taking pictures of people praying or in states of prostration. If you want to photograph devotees (for instance, someone spinning a prayer bead), politely ask first. It’s perfectly acceptable to photograph the tomb’s portal and plaque as long as you don’t peer inside the vaulted chamber. As a rule, keep the camera at chest height; avoid pointing it upward through the middle of the mihrab, as if to capture the entire hall with a person in front – that can be disruptive. On the other hand, shots of empty columns, the ablution fountain in the courtyard, or wide shots of the domed interior when no one is praying are all encouraged. During Friday prayer, it may be best to set your camera aside. Respectfully, one should not wander around taking pictures during the imam’s khutbah (sermon). Finally, review any sign or local guidance – usually a simple “photography permitted” sign is posted near the entrance, but err on the side of courtesy. If asked to stop by a guard, do so without complaint. By observing these norms, you can capture the mosque’s beauty and respect its sanctity.
Best Times of Day for Lighting
For exterior shots, early morning (sunrise) light bathes the stone walls in soft amber, while the sky is usually clear. Late afternoon into evening creates dramatic side-light and long shadows (the minaret looks especially sculptural in sunset glow). Midday light can be harsh on the courtyard, so diffuse it with HDR or wait for slight clouds. Inside, the colored glass windows let in gentle morning and late-afternoon beams: these highlight the blue tiles and red ceiling. Daytime is best, as night shots inside require high ISO and often lose the warmth of the woodwork. If you want vibrant skylit shots, aim to visit when the sun is shining through the stained-glass upper windows (usually late morning). The northern side (women’s gallery) is cooler in tone, while the qibla wall warms up in afternoon sun. And do not forget: overcast days can be excellent for detail shots, as the diffused light brings out the mosaic patterns without glare.
A Comparative Look: Hacı Bayram and Other Major Mosques in Turkey
Hacı Bayram vs. The Blue Mosque (Istanbul)
Architecturally and culturally, Hacı Bayram Mosque is in a different league than Istanbul’s Sultanahmet (“Blue”) Mosque. Hacı Bayram is a neighborhood mosque, while Sultanahmet was an imperial project of Sultan Ahmed I. The Blue Mosque can hold about 10,000 worshippers, its courtyard lined by six towering minarets and cascading domes – it was designed to awe. In contrast, Hacı Bayram was meant for a Sufi saint’s community; its capacity is roughly 6,000 (4,500 inside, 1,500 in open courtyard). The Blue Mosque is famed for over 20,000 İznik tiles glowing blue and gold; Hacı Bayram’s tiles are fewer and regional (dark blue Kütahya). Inside Sultanahmet, one feels immense scale; at Hacı Bayram you feel intimacy. Yet the smaller size makes Hacı Bayram unique. A visitor may spend an hour at Hacı Bayram and truly experience it, while Sultanahmet’s grandeur invites an afternoon of exploration. Both are Ottoman, but Hacı Bayram embodies local Ankara craftsmanship, whereas the Blue Mosque reflects the classic Istanbul style of the early 17th century. In summary: Sultanahmet is a statement of empire; Hacı Bayram is a humble jewel of a neighborhood.
Hacı Bayram vs. Selimiye Mosque (Edirne)
Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (built 1568–1575) is often called the pinnacle of Ottoman architecture. Like Sultanahmet it is far grander than Hacı Bayram. Selimiye’s colossal central dome is over 43 meters high and 31 meters in diameter, carried by eight great pillars. Hacı Bayram’s dome, by comparison, rises only about 30 meters. Selimiye sits atop a hill in one of the empire’s great cities (the former capital Edirne), surrounded by a whole külliye. Hacı Bayram is in the small capital of a rising power, integrated into a crowded market. Design-wise, Selimiye’s marble interiors and intricate mina’i tiles stand in contrast to Hacı Bayram’s painted wood ceilings and provincial tiles. Why visit both? Selimiye demonstrates what the Ottomans could achieve at their peak; Hacı Bayram shows the early, more modest phase of their art. In effect, Hacı Bayram is the opposite of a Mimar Sinan masterpiece. Instead of soaring space it offers layered history; instead of imperial vastness, it offers personal devotion.
What Makes Hacı Bayram Unique?
In comparing it to other mosques, one sees that Hacı Bayram’s “uniqueness” is not in grand scale but in context. Few other mosques in Turkey sit in direct continuity with a Roman site. Its name honors a local saint rather than a sultan. Its architecture is a quiet blend of Anatolian and Ottoman rather than a bold statement by a master architect. In other words, it is unique because it does what other great mosques do not: it serves as a living bridge between eras. You can stand under its roof and see the Temple of Augustus through the open gate. You can pray in the same spot where monks once prayed. You can trace the same wall that bore Latin inscriptions of a Roman emperor. This tangible layering of time is unparalleled. As UNESCO notes, the Hacı Bayram district forms the acropolis of ancient Ankara, and the mosque is “one of the largest mosques in Ankara, dated to the 15th century”. What sets it apart is this palimpsest quality: every stone on site has a story – Ottoman, Roman, Byzantine, or all three. The experience of Hacı Bayram Mosque is not about seeing something “new” or majestic in the usual sense, but about feeling history so intensely that centuries seem mere steps apart.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Who is Haci Bayram Veli and why is he important?
Hacı Bayram Veli (1352–1430) was an Ottoman Sufi saint, poet, and the founder of the Bayrami (Bayramiye) order. He became a revered spiritual teacher in Anatolia during the early Ottoman period. He counseled Sultan Murad II and even predicted that Mehmed II would conquer Constantinople. After his death, he was honored as one of the highest saints of the region, regarded by many as a spiritual “pole” in the Sufi tradition. Today he is remembered through this mosque and his tomb; thousands of Turks continue to view him as a symbol of piety and Turkish-Islamic heritage.
What is the history of the Haci Bayram Mosque?
The mosque was founded in 1427–28 during the lifetime of Hacı Bayram Veli. It was built by one of his disciples (Mehmet Bey) at the site of Bayram Veli’s dervish lodge in the Ulus district of Ankara. Originally a simple small mosque, it was expanded and richly redecorated in 1714 under a grandson of the saint. The complex includes the tomb (türbe) of Bayram Veli dated 1429. Over time the mosque has undergone restorations (notably in the 1940s) but still retains its historic layout and many original features. Since 2016 it has been on Turkey’s tentative UNESCO list, highlighting its continuous history from a Roman temple site to a medieval mosque.
What is the architectural style of the Haci Bayram Mosque?
Hacı Bayram Mosque combines early Ottoman design with later Anatolian Ottoman decoration. Its basic form – a single-domed hall with a courtyard – is typical of 15th-century Anatolian mosques. However, most of the visible ornamentation dates from the 18th century. Today it displays Seljuk and Ottoman provincial influences: a high wooden ceiling (more Seljuk-Turkish) painted with floral rosettes, and walls lined with Kütahya tiles (a hallmark of Ottoman Anatolia). Unlike grand imperial mosques, it has no multiple domes or multiple aisles. Its modest stone-and-brick exterior and two-balcony minaret reflect local craftsmanship. In summary, its style is neither strictly Seljuk nor classical Ottoman, but a fusion unique to provincial Ankara – a solemn form brightened by colorful tiles and murals from the Ottoman Baroque period.
Can non-Muslims visit Haci Bayram Mosque?
Yes. Hacı Bayram Mosque is open to all visitors, although it remains an active house of worship. Non-Muslims are welcome to enter (outside of actual prayer times) and view the interior and courtyard respectfully. Travel advice confirms that foreign visitors are expected to follow mosque etiquette – for example, modest dress and shoe removal are required – but there is no religious restriction against entering. Unlike some Middle Eastern countries, Turkey places no formal ban on non-Muslims entering its major mosques. (For instance, children of all faiths tour here on school trips.) Just remember that during prayer services, only those coming to pray (Muslims) stay inside. Visitors will know it’s OK to go in when the doors are open and people are simply looking at the building. In short: yes, you can visit Hacı Bayram Mosque as a tourist, provided you are quiet, dressed properly, and not there to pray.
What are the opening hours for Haci Bayram Mosque?
The mosque does not have a paid ticket system. It is open free of charge to the public every day. Guides note that it is effectively open all day (dawn until dusk). In fact, some guidebooks even list it as 24-hour (meaning it is never formally “locked” like a museum). Practically speaking, it’s best to arrive in the morning or early afternoon. The mosque closes briefly during each of the five daily prayer times (especially around Friday noon). Other than that, anyone may enter at will. Just be mindful that doors may be shut for Friday’s congregational prayer – at which time you can simply wait until it’s done. Overall, assume it’s accessible whenever you find it open (and remember: no entrance fee has ever been charged).
Is there an entrance fee for Haci Bayram Mosque?
No. Entrance to Hacı Bayram Mosque is completely free. It is maintained by the Turkish foundation office and the local municipality, not by commercial tourism. Visitors are welcome to enter and explore without paying any fee. (Donations are not solicited at the door, though one may quietly contribute to the tomb or light candles inside if moved to do so.) This makes it easy for budget travelers to visit: you simply walk in (shoes off) and enjoy the architecture and atmosphere at no cost.
What is the significance of the Temple of Augustus next to the mosque?
The adjacent Temple of Augustus is an invaluable Roman monument. It once honored the emperor of Rome and now preserves his own words. It contains a nearly complete copy of Augustus’s funerary inscription (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) carved in stone. This inscription is a primary historical record: without it, large portions of Augustus’s first-person account of his deeds would have been lost. Thus the temple stands as a tangible link between Roman and Turkish history. The fact that the mosque rests against these ancient walls is a lesson in continuity: this site has been sacred for over two thousand years. In practical terms, it is now popular for travelers: when one visits Hacı Bayram Mosque, the well-preserved Temple of Augustus is right there to explore too. In short, the temple is a world-class antiquity, and it makes the Hacı Bayram complex unique among mosques worldwide.
What should I wear when visiting the Haci Bayram Mosque?
Visitors should dress modestly out of respect. For men, long pants and a shirt that covers the shoulders are appropriate. For women, covering the legs and arms is important; most Turkish women also tie a scarf over their hair. While a headscarf is not strictly enforced on foreign women, it is strongly recommended as a courtesy (scarves are available at the entrance if needed). Everyone must remove their shoes before stepping onto the prayer carpets (rugs) inside. In practical terms: wear clothing you’d wear to a conservative place of worship (church, synagogue, etc.) – nothing too tight or revealing. Bright colors are fine, but plain, dignified attire is safest. Also avoid overly casual items like baseball caps inside the hall. By dressing modestly, you will blend in with the local customs and be allowed to see everything without causing offense.
Are there guided tours available for the Haci Bayram Mosque?
No formal in-house tour is offered by the mosque. However, many city tours of Ankara (especially Ulus Old Town tours) include Hacı Bayram as a stop. Tourist guides in Ankara often arrange for a quick explanation at the mosque (30 minutes or so) as part of their package. If you want a private guide, several are licensed to give historical walking tours that cover the mosque. Also, smartphone apps and guidebooks often have standalone audio or map tours of Ulus that include Hacı Bayram. In short, if you prefer not to explore on your own, it is easy to find a broader tour of Ankara that covers this site.
What else is there to see near the Haci Bayram Mosque?
Plenty! Most visitors combine Hacı Bayram Mosque with other Ulus attractions:
- Museum of Anatolian Civilizations: Literally next door (south of the mosque), this world-class museum presents artifacts from every era of Anatolian history. It’s housed in an old caravanserai and is highly recommended.
- Temple of Augustus and Roman Ruins: As mentioned, the temple is right there. Stroll through the stone columns and read the Latin inscription on the walls.
- Ethnography Museum: A block northwest, this Ottoman mansion houses traditional textiles and lifestyles of Anatolia.
- Ankara Castle (Citadel): A 10-minute uphill walk north takes you to the medieval fortress, which offers panoramic city views.
- Hamamönü District: A short stroll east leads to restored Ottoman wooden houses now filled with shops and tea gardens (great for an evening walk).
- Markets and Bazaars: The Kalpakçılar (fur-hat) Bazaar and Uzunçarşı (carpet bazaar) are adjacent streets. These are open-air markets where you can shop for handcrafts.
In short, Hacı Bayram is the gateway to the old city of Ankara – visitors rarely come here without also seeing the nearby castle and museums.
How do you get to Haci Bayram Mosque?
The mosque is centrally located at Hacı Bayram Veli Street in Ulus (Altındağ district). The simplest way is via Ankara’s public transit: take the M1 red metro line to Ulus station (Ankaray), and walk a block north. Many EGO buses (city buses) stop at Ulus Square or nearby Fevzi Çakmak Boulevard, from which the mosque is a short walk north. Taxis can drop you at Fevzi Çakmak Bulvarı and Sarıbağ Sokak. If driving, the mosque’s GPS coordinates (39.9205° N, 32.8560° E) or street address will guide you. There is no dedicated visitor parking, so car travelers typically park on a side street. Pedestrians coming from the Ulus tram stop (Ulus Gar) or from the Anatolian Civilizations Museum will find it just a few minutes’ walk up the hill.
What is the best time to visit?
Most travel experts recommend spring (April–June) or autumn (September–October). During these seasons Ankara’s weather is mild and skies are often clear. Summer can be very hot, making mid-day sightseeing uncomfortable; winter is cold (snow is possible) and days are short. As for time of day, early morning (before 10 AM) or late afternoon (around 3–5 PM) give the best natural light for photography and fewer crowds. Avoid the middle of the day on Fridays, when locals pack the mosque for Jum’ah. Also, visiting on a national holiday or during Ramadan night prayers can be rewarding culturally, but expect the mosque to be very full then. In short: aim for a weekday morning in mild weather for the quietest experience.
Is photography allowed inside the mosque?
Yes, but with respect. Visitors may take photos in the courtyard and interior when no one is praying. During the five daily prayers, it is considered rude to flash around – best to turn off your camera or step outside. If you need to photograph any detail inside, it’s courteous to ask a nearby worshipper or guard first. No photograph is allowed of the inner sanctum of the tomb (the sarcophagus area), since it is most sacred. Essentially, treat it like a museum: pictures are fine if they don’t disturb others. The TripClap FAQ explicitly notes that photography should be limited to “permitted areas”. Practically, this means the hall (when empty), the tomb chamber (from its entrance), and the temple ruin – just be mindful and discreet.
What are the prayer times at Haci Bayram Mosque?
Hacı Bayram follows the five daily Muslim prayer schedule used throughout Turkey: dawn (Fajr, around 5–6 AM), noon (Öğle, around 1–2 PM), afternoon (İkindi, around 4–5 PM), sunset (Akşam, around 7–8 PM), and night (Yatsı, around 9–10 PM). The exact times shift by season. The most crowded prayer is the Friday midday (Jum’ah). The mosque has a loudspeaker call to prayer for each. Visitors can check any daily prayer-time timetable (many websites or apps list Ankara’s prayers by date). Just remember: at each of these times the interior will be closed to tourists for about 10–15 minutes. If you only have a brief visit planned, try to avoid those slots.
Is the tomb of Haci Bayram Veli open to the public?
Yes. The tomb chamber itself is usually open during the day. Tourists can step into the türbe’s entrance, look around the octagonal room, and view the two stone tombs inside (one for Bayram Veli and one for his grandson). There is no separate fee for entering the tomb. However, it remains a place of worship: many Muslims will quietly come in to pray or touch the grille around the sarcophagi. Non-Muslim visitors are permitted to enter the outer doorway and look inside, but by convention they do not step up onto the platform with the graves. In practice, the mausoleum’s wooden doors (the inner door has been moved to a museum for protection) are usually open, so you may enter and give a silent greeting. The atmosphere is very serene. If there is a caretaker present, a quick word or nod is sufficient. Outside of prayer times, most of Hacı Bayram’s adherents invite everyone – believer or not – to respectfully see the tomb.
Conclusion: The Enduring Allure of Haci Bayram Mosque
A Final Reflection on a Site of Immense Importance
Hacı Bayram Mosque stands today not as an anonymous relic, but as a vibrant testament to Turkey’s layered identity. One can still hear the echo of ancient Roman chants in the Temple walls and the call to prayer from the mosque’s minaret in the same air. This juxtaposition – of world history and local devotion – has drawn UNESCO scholars and visitors alike. The mosque’s stones and tiles quietly testify that faith and community can span millennia. After six centuries of use, it remains in remarkably good condition (aided by restorations), and its atmosphere is as warm and welcoming as ever. As historians note, the site encapsulates Ankara’s entire past: the Galatian kings, Byzantine rulers, Ottoman sultans, and modern republicans all left their mark here. Yet none of these overshadow the simplicity of the courtyard and the sincerity of the worshippers. In sum, Hacı Bayram Mosque is far more than a tourist stop; it is a living heritage that continues to inspire.
Your Next Steps: Planning Your Own Trip
Now that you know its story inside and out, visiting Hacı Bayram Mosque is straightforward. Plan to arrive when the light is good and prayer halls are open. Respect the mosque’s traditions, take your time absorbing the tiles and inscriptions, and don’t skip the temple ruins next door. Make a day of it: perhaps begin at Anıtkabir or the Ethnography Museum, descend to Ulus for a kebab lunch, then explore Hacı Bayram with fresh eyes. Finally, let the memories linger – snap a final photograph of the mosque’s silhouette against the Ankara sky and perhaps carry home a prayer bead or souvenir from the bazaar. In that way, your visit will honor the centuries of history and faith that make Hacı Bayram Mosque a truly unique place.
