Alanya

Alanya is a Mediterranean resort city on Turkey’s Turkish Riviera (Antalya Province), famed for its sun-drenched beaches, medieval castle, and energetic vibe. Nicknamed “Where the Sun Smiles,” Alanya lies on Turkey’s sunny southern coast. It seamlessly blends Ottoman, Seljuk, and coastal influences: an ancient Seljuk-era castle (built in the 13th century) crowns a rocky peninsula; to the east and west lie long sandy beaches; beyond are orange groves and the Taurus Mountains. This combination of history and scenery gives Alanya a unique character. In summer the town pulses with visitors – families, adventure-seekers, and nightlife lovers alike – while in off-season it offers a calmer escape. In short, Alanya’s mix of beautiful Cleopatra Beach, historic sites like Alanya Castle, a bustling harbor and nightlife, and nearby nature make it a destination worth visiting.

As the sun sets the city “transforms into a lively playground” of seaside bars and clubs. Even first-time visitors often marvel that a relatively small town (population ~360,000) can feel so cosmopolitan. For families, Alanya offers gentle beaches and water parks; for history buffs, crusader forts and Ottoman mosques; for couples and friends, romantic seaside dining and dance-worthy clubs. Among the Turkish Riviera’s cities (like Antalya and Side), Alanya’s small-town charm and diversity of attractions stand out. As one commentator puts it, “Antalya is a big city always fast-paced and busy, while Alanya has a cozy small-town feel”. This combination of reliability (modern comforts) and authenticity (old streets, local markets) truly sets Alanya apart as a must-see stop on the Turkish coast.

Table Of Contents

1. Planning Your Trip to Alanya: The Essentials

2. Getting to Alanya: Airports and Transfers

3. Getting Around Alanya: Your Transportation Guide

4. Where to Stay in Alanya: Neighborhoods & Accommodation Guide

5. The Top 10 Things to Do in Alanya

6. A Guide to Alanya’s Best Beaches

7. Alanya for Families: Kid-Friendly Fun

8. Alanya’s Vibrant Nightlife: A Guide for Every Taste

9. Food and Drink in Alanya: A Culinary Journey

10. Shopping in Alanya: From Bazaars to Malls

11. Exploring Beyond Alanya: The Best Day Trips

12. Uncovering Hidden Gems in Alanya

13. Comparing Alanya and Antalya

14. Alanya Travel FAQs

15. Read Next...

Planning Your Trip to Alanya: The Essentials

Before packing your bags, it pays to nail down when to go, how long to stay, and what to expect. Alanya’s climate is typically Mediterranean: hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. According to climate guides, the weather from April through October is ideal for beach and sightseeing. During this period average daytime temperatures range roughly from 20°C in spring to 31°C in August. September and early October remain warm with comfortable evenings, making the “shoulder seasons” (April–May and mid-September–October) particularly pleasant: warm enough for swimming but with fewer tourists. By contrast, winter (December–February) is mild (highs ~14°C) but cooler and wetter – not ideal for swimming but fine for exploring historical sites and enjoying lower hotel rates. In short, plan Alanya for spring through early fall; July–August will be busiest and hottest, whereas May/June and September/October strike a balance of warm weather and thinner crowds.

Trip duration: For a quick getaway, 3–4 days in Alanya can cover the highlights (the castle, a main beach, a boat tour, a day stroll). A week allows a more relaxed pace plus a couple of day trips (for example, to Sapadere Canyon or Side). Two weeks in and around Alanya can even include an overnight excursion to distant sites like Pamukkale or Cappadocia. Families often plan a full week here, mixing beach days with sight-seeing and maybe a water park.

Safety: Alanya is generally considered very safe for tourists. The city invests in tourist-area security and police patrols, and violent crime is extremely rare. As one travel source states, Alanya’s “welcoming atmosphere and friendly locals contribute to a sense of security”. Petty theft can occur in any busy tourist spot, so the usual precautions apply: keep valuables in sight or in a money belt, watch personal items on the beach or crowded buses, and avoid deserted areas at night. Women traveling alone report feeling quite safe (it’s a family-friendly resort town). In public places like cafes and bazaars, it’s wise to stay alert for pickpockets, but overall reviews emphasize that “even though there’s not much risk, small crimes like stealing from pockets can happen”, so one should always keep an eye on belongings. Major safety tips: no flashy jewelry, lock hotel rooms, and stay aware as you would anywhere.

Currency & Language: Turkey’s currency is the Turkish Lira (TRY). Most businesses will accept euros and credit cards as well, but you’ll save by paying in lira. ATMs are ubiquitous in Alanya, so you can withdraw cash easily. Bargaining is common in bazaars (try haggling 20–30% off on souvenirs if you’re buying more than one item), but fixed prices prevail in shops and malls. Turkish is the official language; in tourist hubs (hotels, restaurants, tours) English is widely spoken. Many younger Turks and those in service industries speak good English, and signage is often bilingual (Turkish/English). Knowing a few basic Turkish phrases (“Merhaba” for hello, “teşekkürler” for thank you) goes a long way to show respect and get a smile from locals.

Cost of a trip: Alanya is known to be affordable by European standards. Budget travelers can find hostels or pensions for as low as $15–$30 per night, while comfortable 3- or 4-star hotels run ~$50–$100. All-inclusive resorts start around $100–$150/night for a 5-star package; indeed, the newer Mylome Luxury Resort and Arycanda Kirman Premium boast top ratings for food and entertainment. Meals at local lokantas (cafeteria-style Turkish restaurants) cost only a few dollars: a large gözleme or döner kebab for $3–5, and a full sit-down dinner at a mid-range restaurant around $10–20 per person. Public buses charge around 1.75 TRY ($0.50) per ride with a refillable KentKart. Daily budgets typically range: $50–70 for thrifty travelers (shared lodging, street food, dolmuş buses) to $100–150 for mid-range comfort (nice hotel, some tours, meals out), and $200+ for luxury rates (fine dining, private transfers, premium accommodations). Overall, local food, transport, and attractions are inexpensive, so your main expenses will be airfare and lodging.

Getting to Alanya: Airports and Transfers

Alanya is served by two airports. The newly upgraded Gazipaşa-Alanya Airport (GZP) lies about 45 km east of the city center (roughly a 45–60 minute drive). It handles mostly European charter and seasonal flights (from Scandinavia, Germany, Russia, etc.) as well as some domestic services. If GZP has a connection from your home city, it is the closest gateway – from there you can easily take a Havaş airport shuttle or taxi into Alanya. The university notes that Gazipaşa shuttles typically depart ~25 minutes after landing and drop passengers at key points in town. Taxis from GZP run a flat rate (~400 TRY as of 2025), or you can pre-book a private transfer.

The Antalya Airport (AYT) is the larger international hub (about 125 km / 2 hours’ drive west of Alanya). Antalya (the regional capital) sees year-round flights from dozens of countries. From AYT you have many transport options to Alanya: frequent coach buses (Havaş airport shuttles and private operators) run daily for about 2–3 hours drive. Expect ~120–150 TRY by long-distance bus one-way. Private transfers and taxis are also available for around $100–$150 USD. Rental cars can be picked up at the airport too. In all cases the highway from Antalya to Alanya is modern (part of the D400 coastal road), but traffic can be heavy in summer.

In practice, travelers often book whichever flight is cheaper or more convenient. If flying from Europe, check both: GZP offers convenience and quicker transfer, but AYT offers more choices and often lower fares. The fast shuttle buses (Havaş) from Antalya airport to Alanya depart hourly during peak season; they can drop you at central Alanya for around 100 TRY. In summary: Gazipaşa (45 km) is closest but limited, Antalya (125 km) offers choice. Both have decent ground transportation into Alanya’s town.

Getting Around Alanya: Your Transportation Guide

Once in Alanya, moving around is easy. The city’s center is quite compact, with most sights (castle, harbor, Damlataş cave) on the peninsula and main beaches. Here are the main options:

Dolmuş minibuses: Alanya’s most convenient local transit are the blue-and-white dolmuş (shared minibuses) that circulate between neighborhoods. They run roughly 06:30–23:00. Common routes include Alanya City Center ↔ Oba, City ↔ Mahmutlar, etc. Dolmuş fare is very low (around 2–3 TRY, ~$0.30). Note: dolmuş drivers may only accept cash. Riding a dolmuş is easy: just flag one down and hop on; pay the driver when you disembark. They have set routes and will stop at request (say “şehir içi” for in-town). Dolmuşes are often on a flat rate or cheap per segment, making short hops affordable.
Public buses (Otobüs): The city also has a network of public buses (red/white “Otobüs”) covering 20+ routes, from the city center out to Mahmutlar, Avsallar, and even up to Gazipaşa Airport. Buses run from about 06:30 to midnight. Tickets require a refillable KentKart (sold/charged at kiosks or bus stations), costing about 1.75 TRY per ride. (You tap on at boarding.) These buses are cheap and safe for getting around town or to nearby villages. Each route and schedule are posted in Turkish, but drivers and locals can help if you say your destination by landmark or neighborhood name.
Taxis and ride-hail: Licensed taxis are plentiful but more expensive. Taxis in Alanya should run meters. A short trip within the city center might be 30–40 TRY (~$5), whereas from the beach to Oba or Gazipasa Airport (45 km away) can be 300–400 TRY. If no meter is running, ask the driver for the approximate fare before starting. Taxis are widely available by the harbor and main avenues – look for yellow or “ALI” sign on rooftops. Note: ride-sharing apps (like Uber) do not operate in Alanya; only local taxis. At night, ensure you use a well-lit taxi rank or book via your hotel to be safe.
Rentals (car, scooter, bicycle): Renting a vehicle lets you explore beaches and the countryside at your own pace. Several rental agencies in Alanya offer cars for about €25–40 per day (plus insurance). Remember driving in Turkey: licenses from most countries are accepted (though having an International Driving Permit helps). Roads around Alanya are generally good, but city traffic can be hectic in summer. Parking in the center is limited. Motorbike and scooter rentals (for experienced riders) are also available; a 125cc scooter is about €10–15/day. Bicycles are rented by the hour/day in the city and along the promenade – a pleasant way to cycle between Cleopatra and Keykubat beaches, for example. If you want to day-trip to mountain villages or Sapadere Canyon, a car or organized tour is best.

In short, buses/dolmuş for economy, taxis for convenience or late nights, and rentals for flexibility. Many visitors use public transport for in-city transfers (cheap and reliable) and reserve taxis or cars only for out-of-town excursions.

Where to Stay in Alanya: Neighborhoods & Accommodation Guide

Alanya’s lodging options are diverse. Here’s a breakdown by area, depending on your interests:

Cleopatra Beach area (western tip): This is the sun-and-sea hub. Cleopatra Beach (Kleopatra Plajı) is Alanya’s iconic stretch of soft sand with clear water. Staying near Cleopatra Beach (from Kestel to the Damlataş Cave entrance) puts you steps from the sand. The neighborhood is dotted with hotels and beach resorts (both all-inclusive and boutique). It also gives easy access to Alanya Castle and the harbor. Ideal for first-time visitors and beach lovers. Hotels here range from large all-inclusive (often adult-only or family) to smaller pension-type stays. (For example, some top-rated large resorts in this area include Haydarpasha Palace, Mylome Luxury and Arycanda Kirman.)
Alanya City Center & Harbor: The area around the harbor and Bar Street (east side of peninsula) is lively. Accommodations here put you amid restaurants, bars, and shops. You’ll be near nightlife and the castle base. Many mid-range hotels and pensions line the streets off the harbor. Good options if you want to be in the middle of the action (the famous “Bar Street” nightlife is just uphill). A few modern hotels blend into the cityscape, as well as a handful of budget guesthouses. This location is perfect for people who want shops and nightlife at hand, and don’t mind the town noise.
Oba and Tosmur (north of center): These districts lie just north of Alanya’s old town. Oba is a bustling residential/commercial area with many shops, a big market, and a quieter beach (Oba Beach). Tosmur, further east, is more residential and laid-back. Both offer a more local vibe and some good mid-range family hotels or apartment rentals. You’ll find larger hotel properties and some chain resorts here, often a bit cheaper than beach-hub prices. Oba Beach is pebbly but nice, and many hotels back onto it. This area is good for families or longer-stay travelers who prefer less touristy streets but still want bus links to city center.
Konaklı & Avsallar (west of Alanya): Around 15–20 km west of town. This zone is famous for large all-inclusive resorts. Beaches here are also pleasant, and you’ll get more space, landscaped grounds, and on-site pools. Konaklı has several luxury beachfront resorts (e.g. Delphin Deluxe Hotel, Nirvana Lagoon etc.), and Avsallar similarly. These are ideal for travelers seeking resort comfort. The tradeoff is a longer transfer to Alanya’s center (the local dolmuş bus can take ~45 min). Still, these resorts often run entertainment and have beach access on their own.

All-inclusive resorts: Many visitors ask which Alanya resorts are best. Popular picks often include Arycanda Kirman Premium and Mylome Luxury Resort (both highly rated for food and service). Other well-reviewed large hotels: Haydarpasha Palace (with pirate-ship theme), Titanic Beach & Aqua Park, Alaiye Resort & Spa, and Kaya Hotel. These usually have private beachfronts, multiple restaurants, and kids’ clubs. Advance booking is recommended in peak season.

Adult-only hotels: If you specifically want an adult-only beach resort, a few exist around Alanya. For example, Sunprime C-Lounge (part of the Mark Warner group, near Cleopatra Beach) and Mirada Del Mar (with infinity pool facing the Mediterranean) cater to couples and adults. These properties offer quieter pools, spa facilities, and nighttime entertainment geared to grown-ups. They tend to be 4- or 5-star rated, often all-inclusive or half-board.

In summary: choose Cleopatra/City area for first-timers or nightlife; Oba/Tosmur for a local feel or quieter family stay; Konaklı/Avsallar for large resorts; and adult-only properties mainly in beach zones for an adults-only vibe. Whichever area, read recent reviews (hotels improve or decline over seasons) and book something with an established rating.

The Top 10 Things to Do in Alanya

Alanya has no shortage of attractions. Here are the ten highlights that most visitors should not miss:

Explore the Historic Alanya Castle (Alanya Kalesi). Perched on a rocky peninsula, this medieval fortress offers a journey through history and unbeatable views. Originally a Roman-Byzantine citadel, it was extensively rebuilt by the Seljuks in the 13th century under Sultan Alaeddin Keykubat I. The castle complex spreads across the peninsula: 6.5 km of fortified walls studded with 140 towers still stand, enclosing multiple forts and cisterns. Inside the walls are the ruins of a Seljuk-era mosque, a Byzantine church, and a small village of historic houses. Climbing up is part of the fun: one path leads up from the north via the townspeople’s stairway, another via the cable car (see #4). Once on top, panoramic views sweep from Cleopatra Beach on one side to the harbor and Red Tower on the other. Tips: Bring water and wear good shoes – it can be hot and steep. The castle is an open-air museum (entrance fee is modest) and is easily explored at your own pace in 1–2 hours.
Ascend to the Red Tower (Kızıl Kule). Nestled by the harbor at the castle’s base is the Kızıl Kule, a striking octagonal brick tower. Built in 1227 by Sultan Keykubat to protect the shipyard, its name means “Red Tower” for the brick color. At 33 meters tall and 29 meters in diameter, it was a formidable watchtower. Today it houses the Ethnographic Museum, but even without entering, the tower’s exterior is impressive. You can climb its narrow steps (viewpoint near top) for a close-up of its wood-beamed ceiling and a view down on the old dockyard. From the quay nearby, you get a wonderful view of the tower’s conical roofs from the sea. The Red Tower area (historic shipyard quarter) is free to wander and offers views of the harbor and coastline.
Relax on Cleopatra Beach. No trip to Alanya is complete without a visit to Cleopatra Beach. Legend says Cleopatra herself swam here, giving the beach its name (and even a myth that fine sand was brought from Egypt). Today it is a long gently-curving bay of golden sand lapped by calm, clear turquoise water. This beach has consistently won Blue Flag awards, reflecting its cleanliness and amenities. Facts: The sand is famously soft and sandy (not pebbles), making it very child-friendly. Facilities line the beach – sun loungers (for rent), volleyball nets, pedal boats, and cafes – so you can easily spend the whole day here. Numerous hotels back onto Cleopatra Beach, so for many visitors it’s as convenient as walking out of your hotel pool. The water stays shallow for far out, perfect for families. The beach can get crowded in July–Aug, so early morning or late afternoon can be more relaxed.
Ride the Alanya Teleferik (cable car). For a thrilling ascent to the castle, take the Teleferik cable car from the city beach up to the Seljuk fortress. The ride lasts about 10 minutes and climbs ~300 meters. As you glide up the hillside, enjoy panoramic vistas of the city, the Taurus Mountains, and the glittering Mediterranean. At the top station (Ehmedek fortress), you can hop out and explore the castle ruins (if you haven’t already), have lunch at the hilltop restaurant, or simply take in the view. Many visitors ride up for the scenery and hike down (or vice versa). Practical: The cable car runs daily (morning to late afternoon), with a short wait on busy days. A round-trip ticket is quite reasonable. Note that the final descent involves a fair number of stairs back to town.
Discover the Mystical Damlataş Cave. At the foot of Cleopatra Beach, hidden under the castle cliff, is Damlataş Mağarası, a small cavern known for its healing microclimate. Discovered during harbor construction in 1948, the cave is only about 15–20m long, but its stalactites are especially close to the floor – visitors literally brush their hands on them as they enter. What sets Damlataş apart is the nearly 100% humidity and constant 22–23°C temperature inside. Locals swear the cave’s air eases asthma and bronchitis. In fact, the municipality reserves morning hours (10am–2pm) exclusively for visitors with respiratory conditions. For everyone else, you can enter any other time (a small fee), and wander a well-lit path through the dripping formations. It feels like a natural steam-room, and some say breathing deeply inside does make a difference. Don’t forget a jacket – it’s surprisingly cool in the cave while outside may be blazing sun. A visit here takes only 15–20 minutes, but it’s a novel experience: children often find the dangling formations and cool mist exciting.
Take a Boat Trip from Alanya Harbour. The Alanya marina buzzes with boats offering day trips. The classic excursion is a half-day “Blue Cruise” on a traditional gulet (wooden yacht), often nicknamed a pirate ship. Tours generally circle the peninsula, giving you views of the castle and Red Tower from the water, then visit several sea caves along the coast. Common highlights are Pirates’ Cave, Lovers’ Cave, and the Phosphorus Cave – narrow grottoes glittering with reflections. The boat typically stops at Cleopatra Beach (and sometimes Ulaş Beach) for an hour of swimming, snorkeling or just relaxing on deck. You’ll usually get a light lunch on board (grilled fish or chicken) with drinks included. These cruises are very popular for families and groups. Prices are modest (often €15–20 per adult). On weekdays some companies offer slightly cheaper tours. Always check if there’s a live band or DJ – the lively tours often have music and dancing on board. If a booked tour isn’t your style, you can also rent smaller motorboats (or join a fishing-boat trip) privately for a more flexible schedule. But the guided boat tour is a fun way to see the coastline from sea level. (Tip: bring sunscreen and a swim mask; the water is splendidly clear.)
Cool Off at Dim River (Dim Çayı). A short drive from Alanya leads to the Dim Çayı, a mountain-fed river that’s a summer magnet for locals. Its crystal-clear water stays very cold (around 8–10°C even in July) and flows through a lush canyon. Along the Dim, dozens of wooden platforms and picnic tables extend over the stream where riverside cafés serve lunch. Popular activities here are wading in the river, lounging on hammocks tied above the water, and jumping off low riverbanks. The ambiance is rustic: families dine on fresh river trout while kids play by the water. Many visitors combine this with a stop at the nearby Dim Cave (see below). If you go, pack swimwear even in winter (the water is shockingly chilly!). How to get there: Buses and tours go to Dim River (about 13 km from Alanya). If driving, follow the signs northeast on D400 and look for the river park entrance. Entrance is free; you pay at cafes or rentals.
Delve into the Depths of Dim Cave (Dim Mağarası). Connected with the river excursion, Dim Cave lies just 2 km south of Dim River restaurants. This extensive limestone cave was discovered in 1986 and opened to visitors in 1999. Dim Cave is one of Turkey’s largest show caves (over 360m long). Inside, the temperature is a constant 22°C with high humidity. The cave’s chambers are dimly lit, revealing dramatic stalactites, stalagmites, and a small subterranean lake. As you walk the wooden path deeper in, you’ll enter increasingly impressive halls with carved formations resembling columns and frozen waterfalls. It’s a different cave experience than Damlataş – here you go under the mountain. The tour down is easy but includes about 300 steps (it’s not wheelchair or stroller friendly). Visitor reviews say “it’s worth it for nature lovers” and kids find it adventurous. Photo tip: you may see bats on the ceiling at the very end chamber. After exploring, there’s a refreshment stall at the cave exit for a cold drink.
Experience a Traditional Turkish Bath (Hamam). After all that touring, relax with a classic hamam spa experience. Alanya has several historic hamams dating to the Ottoman era. These are marble bathhouses where guests follow a ritual of steam, scrub, and massage. A typical visit starts with sauna and warm marble platforms, followed by an exfoliating kese scrub by an attendant, then a lathering soap massage. It’s a deeply relaxing ritual. Well-known hamams include Ilıca Hamamı near the city center (in a beautiful old stone building) and Tuzla Hamam. Most hotels also have spa services. Traditionalists recommend modesty: wear the provided wrap or swimwear. Even if you’ve never tried one, a hamam is worth the hour or two for the cultural experience and softer skin. Afterward, enjoy the serene courtyard or sip tea – you’ll emerge refreshed.
Wander Through the Bustling Alanya Bazaar. Alanya’s markets are sensory delights. The largest is the Friday Bazaar (Cuma Pazarı) near the city center. Every Friday morning, streets north of the old town transform into a lively bazaar. Stalls spill out with seasonal fruits and veggies, olives, spices, nuts, honey, and souvenirs. It’s a riot of colors: bright produce piles, Turkish ceramics, textiles, and snacks. Walk slowly – you can nibble on Turkish delight, dried fruits and much else. Prices here are very low (often half of shop prices) so it’s perfect for stocking up on local treats to take home. Haggle gently with vendors on non-food items (bracelets, scarves, leather goods). For shoppers, side alleys off the bazaar teem with clothing and housewares. Whether you buy or not, the bustling atmosphere – locals chatting, cats snoozing by stalls, the smell of roasted corn on the cob – is a vivid slice of everyday life. Tip: The bazaar runs roughly 8am–5pm Fridays; come early for cooler weather and more stock.

A Guide to Alanya’s Best Beaches

Alanya’s coastline is dotted with fine beaches, each with its own flavor. Here are the top ones:

Cleopatra Beach: Alanya’s star beach. Golden sand, shallow waters, with sunbeds and cafes from end to end. Backed by the castle cliff on one side and dotted with palm trees. Very family-friendly.
Keykubat (Keykıvı) Beach: This is the long stretch extending east of Cleopatra Beach into the new town. It’s also sandy but slightly pebbly in parts. Keykubat is a modern resort zone; its beachfront has some luxury hotels and apartments. Less crowded than Cleopatra, but still has full services (beach bars, rentals). The water gradually deepens.
Damlataş Beach: This tiny beach lies at the foot of Alanya Castle, in front of the Damlataş Cave. It is mostly pebbles and gets shade from the cliff in late afternoon. Very scenic (with the castle wall rising overhead) but limited facilities. It’s great for a quick swim on your castle visit, though larger beaches are preferable for sunbathing.
Incekum Beach: Not within Alanya proper, but worth a mention (about 25 km west). Its name means “fine sand.” Incekum has extremely soft white sand and very shallow turquoise water – ideal for children. Public beach with umbrellas and cafes. If you rent a car or take a Dolmuş there, it makes a pleasant full-day trip.
Ulaş Beach: East of town towards Tosmur, Ulaş is favored by locals. It’s sand-and-pebble, quieter, with local snack shops. During summer, beach bars host foam parties and live music (quite energetic!).
Cikcilli Beach: Near the waterpark and aquapark, this beach has sunbeds and umbrellas for rent. Good if you’re visiting those attractions.

For any beach visit: waterproof sunscreen is a must. Water shoes help on pebbly sections. Most Alanya beaches have showers and toilets, and many have lifeguards on duty in summer. Beach chairs cost a few dollars, and beachside cafes serve coffee or fresh seafood. Whether you want party vibes or serene sunning, Alanya’s coastline has a spot.

Alanya for Families: Kid-Friendly Fun

Alanya is great for families with children of all ages. The warm weather and safe environment make it easy to plan family outings:

Water Parks: Alanya’s Water Planet Aquapark (in neighboring Okurcalar, just west of Mahmutlar) is a hit with kids. It’s one of Turkey’s largest aquaparks (capacity 2000) with 24 slides, wave pools, and a special children’s area. Within city limits, the Eftalia Aqua Park and Sealanya Dolphin Park (in Tosmur) are also fun. Sealanya offers dolphin and sea lion shows plus a moderate water park attached. Plan a half-day to spend sliding and swimming; lockers and day passes are available.
Boat excursions with kids: Many boats serve families, especially those with “pirate ship” themes (complete with foam or disco parties). These are often day-long with lunch and open bar, but just as entertaining for children (swims, dancing, games). The Pirate Boat tours often include water slides on the boat deck for kids.
Beach Play: Cleopatra and Keykubat Beaches have playgrounds and volleyball nets. You can rent inflatable floats for children (kayaks, banana boats) along the shore. The shallow waters on Cleopatra are ideal for toddlers to paddle.
Alanya Aquapark (in Alanya): The Aquapark Alanya (by the same company as Water Planet) is on the opposite side of Alanya, near the Sapadere turnoff. It features slides and pools built right by the sea (little waves in a pool). Friendly staff, picnic areas – great for a family day out.
Relaxed beach spots: Incekum Beach is often cited as one of Turkey’s best for kids, because of its gentle entry and sandy bottom. A day-trip to Incekum can be combined with a visit to the small local theme park Harmonyland or just enjoying the beach resorts.
Family Boat and Pirate Activities: Some private boat trips focus on families – adding face-painting and games. Alanya’s hamams and Turkish nights (whirling dervish shows) can also be family-friendly if kids are supervised (be aware dancers can be a bit noisy/bright).

In short, parents will find Alanya welcoming. Many restaurants and hotels are used to children, with high chairs and kid menus. Pharmacies carry Western-brand baby foods and diapers. The only caveat: if swimming with babies, always mind the strong sun and unexpected currents on some beaches. But overall, Alanya’s beaches, water parks, and tours offer plenty to keep children entertained and parents relaxed.

Alanya’s Vibrant Nightlife: A Guide for Every Taste

When the sun sets, Alanya stays lively. The main nightlife area is around the old harbor and Bar Street (east of the harbor). Here’s the scene:

Bar Street (Atatürk Caddesi): This pedestrian street, running uphill from the harbor, is packed with bars, pubs and cafes. It livens up from about 10pm onward. You can stroll and pop into casual venues (often open-air) playing pop music, offering karaoke, or live bands. Styles range from Irish-themed pubs to shisha cafes. Notable bars include Las Vegas Cafe & Bar, famous for its neon lights and party vibe, and Dejavu Bar which draws a young, international crowd. Prices are reasonable (beer 15–25 TRY). Bar street is especially bustling on summer weekends.
Nightclubs: For dancing, head slightly north to the clubs. Alanya has several multi-story nightclubs. Havana Club (near harbor) offers Latin salsa nights and a large dance floor. Club Summer Garden and Illusion Night Club are popular for mainstream dance music and DJs. These venues stay open until 3–4 am; cover charges can apply (often ~50 TRY including a drink). Note: clubs fill up later, around midnight-2am. Dress tends to be smart-casual. For jazz or chill vibes, there are a few lounge bars (e.g. Havana Bar’s jazz nights, or the Kaiser Bar near Oba with live saxophone).
Harbor Restaurants & Bars: The restored Ottoman-style wooden balık ekmek fish restaurants by the fish market double as laid-back waterfront bars in the evening. HarborWalk has a string of open-air cocktail bars facing the lights on the water. This area is less wild – expect sofas, ambient lighting, and house music. Great for a relaxed drink or wine with a view of the castle lit up at night.
Beach Clubs: Starting around 10pm, some beachfront venues host after-dark parties. Clubs like Robin Hood (on Incekum Beach, a short drive west) draw an international crowd with big-name DJs. Back in Alanya, the Cleopatra Beach Discoteque (on the beachfront near the Teleferik station) is a classic spot – known for its foam parties and late-night revelry. While less packed than Antalya’s mega-clubs, these beach clubs go on until late and often serve as the town’s biggest parties.
Unique night experiences: For a more cultural evening, there are summer events like the Alanya Jazz Days festival (July, local and international jazz) or the Culture & Art Festival (early September) with concerts. Also, Turkish Night shows (Folk dance dinner shows) are offered by hotels – these can be fun for a costume-filled evening (though a bit touristy).

Overall, Alanya’s nightlife is best described as fun and varied. Whether you want to dance till dawn or sip wine by the harbour, there’s an option. The key district is the waterfront/Bar Street area. Locals say it’s “Alanya’s nightlife scene offers a fusion of Turkish hospitality and modern entertainment” – and it truly keeps people out late. Just remember to pre-book any special clubs or VIP tables in July–Aug if needed, and always agree on taxi fares late at night or use the official taxi rank by the harbor to get home safely.

Food and Drink in Alanya: A Culinary Journey

Turkish cuisine is a highlight of any trip, and Alanya offers a rich gastronomic scene that blends local Mediterranean fare with Ottoman tradition. Here are local specialties and dining tips:

Must-try dishes:

Testi Kebab: A dramatic regional favorite. Chunks of meat and vegetables are sealed in a clay pot (testi) and slow-cooked, then theatrically broken open at your table. The meat is meltingly tender inside. Many places in Alanya’s old town serve this (it’s originally a Cappadocian dish, but beloved here). Have it with rice pilaf and a Turkish red wine (like Oküzgözü).
Gözleme: Paper-thin flatbreads stuffed with cheese, spinach, potatoes, or minced meat, then grilled on a sac (metal griddle). It’s akin to a filled pancake or quesadilla – simple, hearty, and usually eaten for breakfast or a light lunch. A must-try by the Dim River restaurants is to sit by the water and dip your feet while eating gözleme fresh off the grill.
Balık Ekmek: Literally “fish in bread,” this is a seaside staple. Grilled freshly-caught fish fillet (mackerel or sea bass) is piled into a chunk of crusty bread with onions and salad, sometimes with a splash of lemon and pickles. The result is a salty, flavorful sandwich, perfect after a day of sun. In Alanya, head to the harbor or Cuma Pazarı area late afternoon (fishing boats moor alongside) to grab this snack on the go.
Meze Plate: A spread of small dishes meant for sharing. A typical Turkish table starts with mezes – creamy yogurt dips like haydari, smoky eggplant purées, spicy tomato ezme, stuffed vine leaves, and more. These complement grilled meats or fish. At a seaside meyhane (tavern), you might enjoy mezes alongside rakı (anise liquor) as the sun goes down. Local seafood specialties include grilled calamari, octopus salad, and anchovies in olive oil, often served as meze too.
Cevizli Sucuk: Not a sausage at all, this is a sweet treat. Walnuts are strung on a string and repeatedly dipped into thickened grape molasses until coated. The end result is a chewy, candy-like rope studded with nuts, known as “walnut sausage.” It’s very energizing and traditional in this region. You’ll see homemade versions sold at bazaars and markets (Cuma Pazarı is ideal) – look for the glossy brown loops hanging in stalls.

Turkish Breakfast (Kahvaltı): A classic Turkish breakfast is a feast: white cheese, feta, olives (black and green), sliced cucumbers and tomatoes, honey with clotted cream (kaymak), jams, butter, fresh bread, eggs (simit or omelette), and tea. In Alanya you can enjoy a sumptuous kahvaltı at many cafes. A few local favorites include Le Chevy (also a great dinner spot) and Bistro Bahama (lots of freshly made items). Many simple hamams (bathhouses) also have adjoining cafes serving fresh breakfast. Coastal beachfront cafes often offer the most scenic breakfast, where you sit on a terrace with a sea breeze.

Best Restaurants: Alanya has options across budgets. For traditional cuisine, Mezze Kitchen near the harbor is frequently praised for its mezes and grilled meats. Seasons Restaurant (at Hilton or Halal zones) and Casa Mia (Italian/Turkish fusion) get good reviews. For seafood, try Ocakbaşı Restaurant by the fish market for fresh catches or Kebapçı Halil Usta for kebabs and lamb specialties. Fast eat: numerous döner and pide shops pepper the city streets (perfect for late nights). Fine dining is limited but a nice choice is Panorama on the hill (inspired Turkish cuisine with a view).

Turkish Breakfast Spots: For an iconic breakfast, locals recommend Van Kahvaltı Evi (a chain specializing in breakfast platters) and Şefin Yeri Restaurant. These often come with all-you-can-eat tea and unlimited olives/jams. Tourists should try ordering menemen (scrambled eggs with tomatoes/peppers) or sucuklu yumurta (eggs with spicy sausage) – both local favorites at breakfast.

Drinks: Raki is Turkey’s famous anise spirit; Alanya’s tavern dinners often start with rakı-sofrası (rakı table) alongside mezes. Turkish tea (çay) is ubiquitous in tulip glasses – ordered after meals or any time. For coffee, Turkish coffee (strong and unfiltered) is served in small cups and worth trying at least once. Don’t forget ayran, the salty yogurt drink that refreshes on a hot day. Local fruit juices (fresh squeezed pomegranate or orange) are excellent at street stalls.

Water Safety: The local tap water is treated and technically potable, but many visitors avoid drinking it. Hotels always provide bottled water. Street-side Ayran and tea are made with tap water, but digestive systems differ. A few travelers mention minor stomach upset if unaccustomed to it. As a rule of thumb, drink bottled water or boil it first on your first day or two, then listen to your body.

In sum, Turkish cuisine is diverse and hearty. From breakfast spreads to grilled kebabs and sea food, every meal in Alanya can be a new adventure. Even simple roadside gözleme or fresh fruit from a market stall tastes fabulous. The local food scene prides itself on fresh, high-quality ingredients: olive oil, citrus, freshly caught fish, and hand-rolled doughs. Don’t shy from the garlic-laden mezes, or the rich desserts (baklava, künefe with cheese, etc.) – Alanya’s eateries will happily supply sweet treats after dinner too.

Shopping in Alanya: From Bazaars to Malls

Alanya offers a blend of traditional bazaars and modern shopping centers. For tourists, the fun is often in the bazaars and local shops. Here’s what and where to buy:

Bazaar Staples: The weekly Alanya Bazaar (Cuma Pazarı) is the prime spot for bargain hunting. As noted, it teems with produce and street vendors selling everything from textiles to toys. Popular souvenirs include:

Textiles: Colourful kilim rugs or small embroidered kilim pillows (sometimes in bazaars or shops in old town).
Leather goods: Jackets, bags, shoes made locally. You can often find leather ateliers (bazaars sometimes show samples). Turkish leather is high quality; look for genuine leather and bargain (say 50% off or more from initial price).
Jewelry and accessories: Ottoman-style silver jewelry or evil-eye beads/trinkets.
Spices, nuts, teas: Bright spice blends (paprika, cumin, sumac), Turkish red pepper paste, dried fruits, pistachios, and Alanya honey. These travel well as gifts.
Sweet treats: Boxes of lokum (Turkish delight), varieties of halva, and of course cevizli sucuk (walnut candy), which you’ll see at bazaar confection stalls.
Local handicrafts: Ceramic plates (featuring peacocks or tulips), handwoven bags, and ceramics. Haggling is expected for these.

The atmosphere of the bazaars is an attraction itself – even if you only browse for 30 minutes, it’s charming. The ClickYourGuide blog notes that shopping in Alanya ranges from local markets selling clothing, jewelry, handicrafts, and fresh produce. In short, bazaars are best for gifts and experiencing local life.

Mall of Alanya and Alanyum: For brand-name shopping or air-conditioned comfort, head to the malls. Mall of Alanya (in Konaklı) and Alanyum Shopping Center (near the city) are two main malls. They house Turkish and international retailers – think clothing (Mango, H&M style, local brands), cosmetics, electronics, plus a Carrefour for groceries. Mall of Alanya boasts about 130 shops and its leisure area has kids’ games and a food court. The malls also feature coffee shops and casual dining (turkish fare and fast food). If you’re looking for a particular brand or just want a break from the sun, these malls are convenient.

Outlet and Special Shopping: Recently, a large new mall Akdeniz Park AVM opened in Mahmutlar (2024). With 100+ shops, including outlets and restaurants, it’s a major shopping hub (lots of international brands). Alanyum was noted to have a Carrefour with fresh local produce, making it a one-stop for groceries and souvenirs. If you’re hunting discounts, there are some outlet stores (like Neva Outlet) on city outskirts.

Artisan Shops: In Alanya’s old town (near the castle) and Tosmur, small boutiques sell handcrafted goods. For example, you’ll find ceramic ateliers painting pottery, olive wood products, onyx trinkets, and leather workshops. Prices here are generally fixed or slightly negotiable; these are fine places for unique keepsakes.

Haggling: At open markets and small shops (not fixed-price stores), you should ask for a lower price, especially if buying multiple items. Polite bargaining is part of Turkish shopping culture. However, in fixed retail malls and boutiques, prices are as marked.

Wherever you shop, remember to check baggage space and Turkish customs rules if you buy large items. But most typical purchases (spices, textiles, small crafts) are easily packed.

Exploring Beyond Alanya: The Best Day Trips

Alanya’s location on Turkey’s southern coast makes it a handy base for excursions into the region. Here are some top day trips and how to do them:

Sapadere Canyon: About 40 km northeast of Alanya, this cool forest canyon is a refreshing natural escape. A wooden boardwalk (385 meters long) takes visitors through towering walls and past several cascades. You can splash in the ice-cold waterfall pools. Tours from Alanya typically include Sapadere followed by Dim Cave or river. Independently, you can get there by rental car or by dolmuş (public minibus). Entrance is small (around 35 TRY). The hike is relatively easy, suitable even for older kids. It’s lush and shaded – a nice contrast to hot beach days.
Manavgat & Side: A classic combo trip. Manavgat is a riverside town famous for Manavgat Waterfall – a broad cascade plunging into a shallow pool. The view (white foam against rocks) is scenic, and there are riverside tea gardens to relax in. Continue a short drive to Side, an ancient Greco-Roman city. Side’s compact archaeological park contains a large Roman amphitheatre (the coast), the Temple of Apollo by the shore, a nymphaeum, and a museum. Wandering among these ruins (and imagining gladiators in the arena) is a great way to experience history. Side also has a pretty harbor and old town with cafes. Organized tours do Side and Manavgat together, or you can take a direct Alanya-Manavgat dolmuş and catch a local dolmuş to Side.
Antalya: Turkey’s major resort city is about a 2-hour drive west. Antalya offers a large old town (Kaleiçi), the old harbor with Hadrian’s Gate, and beaches like Lara and Konyaaltı. It’s a more urban contrast to Alanya, but doable as a long day trip (or better as an overnight trip). From Antalya airport or city you can catch a shuttle back to Alanya. However, Antalya has so much (Düden Falls, museums, shopping malls) that if possible an overnight stay is recommended rather than a rushed day trip.
Pamukkale and Cappadocia (multi-day): Two of Turkey’s top sights are quite far from Alanya (Pamukkale ~370 km north; Cappadocia ~550 km NE). They are possible by hiring a car or joining an organized tour, but they are not recommended as quick day trips. Pamukkale’s travertine terraces are a 6+ hour drive one way. Cappadocia’s rocklandscapes need time. If you crave these attractions, consider flying or driving there and making separate mini-vacations. Some specialized agencies do 2-day trips from Alanya, but budget extra days if you want to enjoy them fully.
Green Canyon (Manavgat Reservoir): This is a dam lake north of Manavgat. Boat tours on the reservoir show pine-clad cliffs. One group offers a “Green Canyon” cruise with lunch (they even have a jellyfish viewing platform). It’s about a 2-hour drive and is most often combined with a 4×4 jeep safari. The scenery is pretty but note it’s been dammed, so conditions vary. Boat ride and river rafting tours leave from Manavgat town.
Local Villages in the Taurus Mountains: If you want a cultural day, try a mountain village tour. Excursions (or a rental car trip) that head up into the Taurus range can visit traditional villages like Dereköy, Gedevet, or others. In these communities, you can see village mosques, small farms, and taste home-made foods (like fresh cheese, mulberry syrup). The difference from Alanya’s tourist side can be striking – stone houses, terraced gardens, and a glimpse of traditional rural life. Some tours include a homemade lunch with a local family. Even a self-drive to places like the primitive village of Avsallar can feel remote and authentic.

Each day-trip is feasible from Alanya, though many involve a long drive. For convenience and context, many travelers opt for guided tours (mini-buses, with lunch included) when going to Sapadere, Pamukkale, or Cappadocia. If you drive yourself, allow plenty of time and enjoy the beautiful countryside scenery on the way.

Uncovering Hidden Gems in Alanya

Beyond the highlights, Alanya holds some lesser-known treasures:

Syedra Ancient City: Far north of Alanya (toward Gazipaşa), the hillside ruins of Syedra are off the beaten path. This once-Thracian settlement (later Greek/Roman) is little visited by tourists. Perched ~400m above sea level, Syedra has city walls, a theatre, and rock tombs overlooking the sea. Access is via mountain road and a short uphill hike – not for casual strollers. Visiting Syedra requires either a private guide or renting a car and carefully following the obscure turnoff signs. If you do make it, you’ll find few other visitors and enjoy sweeping views of the Mediterranean and the Taurus Mountains from the site. (It’s a quiet, atmospheric place – bring water and sun protection.)
Alanya Observation Terrace: For an iconic view of the city, don’t miss the Observation Terrace (located near the central park on Oteller Street). As one hotel guide notes, this viewpoint stands “on one of the highest points of Alanya” and offers “incredible panoramic views… of Alanya, from its historic castle to the sparkling blue sea”. In practice, this means you can see the entire stretch of coastline (from Cleopatra’s curve to Keykubat beach) plus the harbor and Red Tower framed below. It’s especially magical at sunset, when the city lights begin to twinkle. Best of all, there is no fee – the spot is a small park with benches and even a playground for children. Just ask a taxi or follow the signs to “Observation Terrace.” Locals may not always show tourists this, so in that sense it’s a hidden gem.
Taurus Mountain Villages: For an authentic experience, take a 4×4 or guided tour into the Taurus foothills. Villages like Gedevet, Dereköy, Türktaş, or Mahmutlar (not the large resort town, but a different “Mahmut”) are charming. You’ll find small tea gardens in village squares, perhaps older women sitting weaving rugs, and donkey carts clopping along narrow streets. Some tour operators offer “Villages Tour” with homespun lunch – try stuffing local foods like spinach pies or dried fruit. These mountain excursions are a nice counterpoint to the beach: in October the harvests start, so you might pick pomegranates or sample fresh fig jam.
Local Festivals: If your trip coincides, look into Alanya’s annual events. The International Culture and Art Festival (September) is a week-long street party with concerts, folk dance displays and fireworks in the castle. The Jazz Days (July) host concerts at various venues. These events are not widely advertised to foreigners, but add depth if you can time your visit.
Hidden Cafés: Lastly, even just wandering the backstreets of old town can reveal tiny surprises: a hilltop cafe off the main castle road with a live oud player, or a printing press turned art gallery. Part of Alanya’s charm is its off-route corners, so keep an eye out.

Comparing Alanya and Antalya

A very common question is whether to pick Alanya or Antalya. They are both on the Mediterranean, but they offer different flavors:

Size & Atmosphere: Antalya is a large provincial capital (~1 million people) with an international airport, big shopping malls, and a historic old town (Kaleiçi) bursting with restaurants. Alanya is much smaller (city ~150k), concentrated around its beachfront and castle. As one travel analysis notes, “Alanya is a more vibrant, young, and lively town… Antalya is a big city… while Alanya has a cozy small-town feel”. In practice, that means Antalya feels cosmopolitan (lots of business travelers, large hotels, and bustle), whereas Alanya feels more like a resort town focused on vacation.
Beaches: Antalya province has famous beaches like Lara and Konyaaltı, backed by skyscraper hotels. Alanya’s beaches (Cleopatra, Keykubat, etc.) are generally sandier and less urban (especially Cleopatra’s golden stretch). If pristine, long sand beaches are your priority, Alanya’s beaches often edge out Antalya’s (Konyaaltı is pebblier, Lara can get crowded).
Historical Sites: Antalya’s Old Town has Roman ruins (Hadrian’s Gate, Hıdırlık Tower) and cliffside cafes, but Alanya’s fortress offers a more intact ancient castle experience. Cappadocia-like rock formations and ancient churches on Antalya’s outskirts (like Termessos) can be seen near Antalya. Side (closer to Alanya) has large Roman remains. So each city has its local history.
Nightlife: Both cities party. Antalya’s nightlife is huge – clubs along Lara Beach (like Soho Club) draw international DJs and party crowds, and Kaleiçi has trendy bars. Alanya’s nightlife is smaller in scale but still vibrant within its harbor area. If you want mega-clubs and restaurants on a larger scale, Antalya may have more options. But Alanya’s charm lies in its waterfront bars and clubs under the castle, offering a unique vibe.
Convenience: For international travelers, Antalya has the major airport and more direct flights. It’s also closer to many inland attractions. Alanya’s airport (GZP) has fewer flights. Accommodations in Antalya may be slightly pricier in luxury categories, but Alanya often offers better value.

In the end, neither is “better” – it depends on what you want. Antalya is a big city with a bit of everything; Alanya is a cozier seaside town. Many travelers split their time (e.g., 4 days Antalya, 3 days Alanya) since they’re only ~2 hours apart. But if choosing one: pick Alanya for a laid-back beach castle holiday, or Antalya for an urban-and-beach mix with extensive amenities.

Alanya Travel FAQs

Q: What is the local currency and can I use credit cards? Turkey’s currency is the Turkish Lira (TRY). Credit cards (Visa, MasterCard) are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants and shops. Many vendors also take euros at a fixed exchange rate, but you usually get a better deal by paying in lira. ATMs (there are many in town and at the airport) dispense lira.

Q: How long should I spend in Alanya? This depends on your travel style. A short trip of 3–4 days can cover the main sights (castle, beaches, a boat tour). A full week allows at least two day trips outside Alanya (like Sapadere Canyon and Side). Two weeks give time to relax thoroughly and even attempt a longer tour like Pamukkale or Cappadocia. For first-timers, 5–7 days is ideal to experience beaches, history, cuisine, and a bit of adventure without rushing.

Q: Is English widely spoken? In the tourist areas, yes. Many people in hotels, shops, and restaurants speak English or another European language. Street vendors and elderly locals may speak little English, but often are patient. Carry a Turkish phrasebook or use a translation app for off-the-beaten-path spots. Most signs (hotels, transport) have English menus/instructions.

Q: Are there any travel advisories or health concerns? No special advisories beyond normal caution. Tap water is generally treated and safe to drink for locals, but visitors often stick to bottled water at first to avoid stomach upset. No vaccinations are required beyond routine ones.

Q: What traditional Turkish experiences can I have? Besides the must-dos above, try booking a “Turkish Night” dinner show (folk dances, belly dance, local costumes) or visiting a hamam (see above). You could take a cooking class in a local home or workshop, or sample coffee with a fortune reading. Visiting the daily Fish Market by the harbor (akşam pazar) where fish is auctioned can be fun (usually after 5pm).

Q: Where should I stay for nightlife? The city center near the harbor and Bar Street is best if you want to step out into the bars. Many bars close by 3-4am, so staying within walking distance of Bar Street is convenient. Cleopatra Beach hotels are quieter at night (good for families). Oba/Tosmur are calm after dark.

Q: Are taxis metered or should I agree a fare? Most Alanya taxis have meters, but it’s smart to confirm that the meter is running. For airport transfers (Gazipaşa or Antalya), prices are usually fixed by the taxi associations, so confirm those flat rates at the stand or with your hotel beforehand.

Q: What about tipping? Tipping (bahşiş) is common but not strictly mandatory. In restaurants, leaving 5–10% or rounding up is appreciated if service is good. Taxi drivers don’t expect much (round up or give a bit extra). Hotel porters or room service attendants might appreciate 5–10 TRY for help. Tour guides and drivers often are tipped if the group was pleased (~20 TRY/person per day is typical).

Q: Can I drink alcohol? Yes, Turkey is secular and alcohol (raki, beer, wine) is readily available in Alanya’s bars and restaurants. Bars often stay open until 2-3am. Buy alcohol at licensed shops or bars; prices are higher than in Europe (due to taxes) but still affordable. Just drink responsibly – public drunkenness is frowned upon.

Q: Is Alanya good for solo female travelers? Generally yes. Alanya has a cosmopolitan tourist vibe, and solo women report no serious issues. Standard travel caution still applies: avoid poorly lit isolated areas at night, and dress modestly when visiting mosques (cover shoulders and knees). Other women traveling solo have felt welcome and found Turkish people to be respectful and helpful (as noted by guides).

Q: What power plugs do they use? Turkey uses Type F plugs (same as Europe/Germany) with 230V. If you have two-round-pin European plugs, they will fit. If you travel from the UK or US, bring a suitable adapter.

Q: How’s the medical care? Alanya has modern hospitals and clinics. In an emergency, private hospitals (like Alanya Anadolu Hastanesi) are recommended. Most doctors in clinics speak some English. Pharmacies (eczane) are plentiful for basic medication (you need a prescription from a doctor for prescription drugs).