Holidays In Turkey
Turkey’s holidays carry a double meaning. For locals, resmi tatil (“official holidays”) are state-recognized days off that commemorate historical or religious events. For visitors (especially from Europe), “holiday” often means a vacation trip (tatil in Turkish). This guide addresses both interpretations. It first lays out Turkey’s full public holiday calendar, then delves into the cultural and practical side: what these celebrations mean, how they are observed, and how they affect travel. You’ll find not just dates and names, but deep context on the history, customs, and travel advice for each holiday period. The goal is to give travelers a clear picture of what to expect and how to plan: from closures of banks and shops to festive ceremonies and useful greetings.
We cover two broad categories of holidays. National holidays are secular commemorations tied to Turkey’s modern history and the legacy of Atatürk, the Republic’s founder. Religious holidays follow the Islamic lunar calendar (Ramadan and Sacrifice Feasts, plus other holy nights). Interwoven with these official days are other cultural festivals (like the Istanbul Tulip Festival and Cappadox music fest) that enrich the travel experience. Wherever you plan to go, knowing the calendar and customs will turn potential disruptions into unique insights.
We begin with a quick reference calendar of all official public holidays for 2025 and 2026, then explain each holiday’s significance, how locals celebrate, and what travelers should know. The later sections focus on travel logistics (closures, crowds, etiquette) and festive events beyond the calendar. Finally, we suggest holiday-tailored itineraries and answer common questions. Armed with this comprehensive resource, visitors can confidently embrace the spirit of Turkish festivities and enjoy their trip fully, whether timing it around a celebration or simply being prepared.
Turkish Public Holidays Calendar 2025 & 2026
Below is the complete list of Turkey’s official public holidays for 2025 and 2026. It includes both fixed-date national holidays and the multi-day religious feasts (whose dates shift each year by the lunar calendar). The table shows the holiday dates, English and Turkish names, and typical duration of time off. (Note: some holidays have a half-day (“arife”) off on the eve.)
| Date (2025) | Date (2026) | Holiday (English) | Turkish Name | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 1 | Jan 1 | New Year’s Day | Yılbaşı | 1 day |
| Mar 30 – Apr 1 | Mar 20 – Mar 22 | Ramadan Feast (Eid al-Fitr) | Ramazan Bayramı (Şeker Bayramı) | 3.5 days* |
| Apr 23 | Apr 23 | National Sovereignty and Children’s Day | Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı | 1 day |
| May 1 | May 1 | Labor and Solidarity Day | Emek ve Dayanışma Günü | 1 day |
| May 19 | May 19 | Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day | Atatürk’ü Anma, Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı | 1 day |
| Jun 6 – Jun 9 | May 27 – May 30 | Sacrifice Feast (Eid al-Adha) | Kurban Bayramı | 4.5 days* |
| Jul 15 | Jul 15 | Democracy and National Unity Day | Demokrasi ve Millî Birlik Günü | 1 day |
| Aug 30 | Aug 30 | Victory Day | Zafer Bayramı | 1 day |
| Oct 29 | Oct 29 | Republic Day | Cumhuriyet Bayramı | 1.5 days* |
An asterisk () denotes that the day before this holiday is a half-day off for public employees. For example, Republic Day on October 29th is preceded by a half-day on Oct 28th, and each Bayram (Eid) typically has a half-day on the eve.*
This table is based on official sources. Keep it handy when planning your trip: note especially that the two Bayram feasts span multiple days each year (Ramazan Bayramı for about 3–4 days, Kurban Bayramı for about 4–5 days). Also, besides the main holiday date, several others have a half-day closure immediately before: Ramazan Bayramı eve, Kurban Bayramı eve, and Republic Day eve are all semi-holidays.
National Holidays: Celebrating the Republic and Its History
Turkey’s national holidays are rooted in its 20th-century history and the legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. These secular days mark key events of the Turkish War of Independence and the founding of the Republic in 1923. Although political in origin, the celebrations are generally festive and inclusive: schools close, families gather for civic events, and public displays of patriotism fill the streets. Visitors can expect lots of national flags and public ceremonies on these days. Below we describe each major national holiday, what it commemorates, and how Turks observe it – including tips on what a tourist might see or do on that day.
Republic Day (Cumhuriyet Bayramı) – October 29
Republic Day is Turkey’s biggest national holiday, commemorating the proclamation of the Republic on October 29, 1923. On this date, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk formally declared the end of the Ottoman Empire’s monarchy and the birth of modern Turkey, becoming its first president. The symbolism is profound: the nation’s modern secular identity was founded, and the new constitution took effect that day. For Turks, this is a proud anniversary.
The atmosphere on Republic Day is patriotic and celebratory. In Ankara (the capital), official ceremonies are held at Anıtkabir (Atatürk’s mausoleum) including wreath-laying by high officials. In every city, streets and squares are draped with Turkish flags and large images of Atatürk. Throughout the evening, public concerts and performances take place. As night falls, torchlight processions (“fener alayı”) and fireworks light up the sky, especially in Istanbul along the Bosphorus and in central areas like Taksim Square and Beşiktaş. (Residents of Istanbul often gather along the waterfront for the fireworks and a festive energy lasting past midnight.) In schools, students perform plays and recite poems celebrating the Republic.
For tourists, Republic Day can be a spectacular experience in Turkey. Watching an outdoor concert or fireworks by the Bosphorus is memorable. Plan ahead: many government offices and banks close that day (and half-day on Oct 28), so purchase any local SIM cards or finalize documents before Oct 28. Most museums and attractions in Istanbul remain open on Oct 29, but arrive early if you want to enjoy them without nighttime crowds. One caveat: major streets used in parades (like the route from Dolmabahçe Palace to Ortaköy in Istanbul) may be blocked or crowded in the morning, so allow extra travel time.
Victory Day (Zafer Bayramı) – August 30
Victory Day honors the final and decisive victory in the Turkish War of Independence. On August 30, 1922, Turkish forces achieved victory at Dumlupınar, effectively ending the Greek offensive in Anatolia. This triumph paved the way for the Republic two years later. In remembrance, Victory Day celebrates the Turkish Armed Forces and the struggles of 1922–23.
How is it observed? In major cities (especially Ankara and Istanbul) there are military parades and ceremonies. Prestigious events include honor guards, speeches by officials, and a flag-raising at military academies. Air Force jets often perform flyovers that trace red-and-white smoke trails across the sky as part of the festivities. Civilians also join in: you’ll see Turkish flags everywhere – from municipal buildings to shop windows – and many people wear red or wave small flags. School sports festivals and arm wrestling or martial arts exhibitions are common activities (reflecting the “youth and sports” aspect).
For visitors, Victory Day means you are likely to witness a strong military presence: for example, you might see soldiers in ceremonial dress or hear salutes. If you’re in Ankara, the parade at Anıtkabir is solemn and impressive. In Istanbul, events take place at landmarks like the Barbaros Monument. As always, banks and offices are closed, but unlike Bayram holidays, museums generally keep normal hours on Aug 30, so you can tour attractions (the Bosphorus cruise or Rumeli Fortress tours are still running) without interruption.
National Sovereignty and Children’s Day – April 23
April 23 is a unique holiday of two themes. It marks the founding of Turkey’s Grand National Assembly in 1920 – the first national parliament of the republic – and it is also dedicated to the nation’s children. As declared by Atatürk, it is literally a Children’s Day. Turkey was actually the first country in the world to set aside a national holiday in honor of children.
Expect a festive, joyful mood on Apr 23. In schools across the country, students stage plays, concerts, and dances commemorating Turkish history and celebrating children’s place in the nation. Traditionally, children symbolically take over government roles for the day – for example, at city halls and even in parliament sessions, kids may “replace” adults at the rostrum. Parks and town squares host children’s festivals and marionette shows. The Turkish flag and Atatürk’s portrait are still prominent, but the focus is very much on young people. (In fact, on this day you’ll see younger students so excited that they sometimes dress in festive costumes or traditional garb.)
From a travel perspective, April 23 can be fun for families. Most museums are open, and the streets are colorful but not hectic. You might catch local children’s choirs or parades in city centers. However, note that all government offices and banks are closed on this holiday. If you’re visiting museums in Ankara, Ephesus, or Istanbul, they typically operate normally, but check schedules as April 23 is a weekday holiday. It can be a heartwarming time to see Turkey’s pride in its future generation.
Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day – May 19
May 19 marks Atatürk’s landing in Samsun in 1919, which is considered the start of the Turkish War of Independence. In 1938, this date was designated “Youth and Sports Day” to honor both that historic event and the country’s young people. The emphasis is on athleticism and national rebirth.
On May 19, Turkey, especially Ankara, fills with sports events. You’ll see young athletes and scouts carrying the Turkish flag from Samsun to Ankara in a relay that symbolizes a journey of roughly ten days. Schoolchildren participate in gymnastics festivals, folk dances, and track-and-field meets. In the evening, stadiums may host ceremonies or folk music concerts. Because Atatürk’s role is central, many people also visit his mausoleum or his statue and lay flowers. In recent years the day has also become an occasion to highlight youth – many young people wear sports gear or attend sporting events in his honor.
For tourists, May 19 means a lively, energetic atmosphere among Turks. Schools and offices are closed, but most tourist sites remain open. If you’re in Istanbul or Ankara, you might encounter patriotic concerts or sports demonstrations, and certainly lots of flags. In Ankara’s historic site around Atatürk’s college (today a museum), local students often perform. If you plan to visit museums or travel that day, note that the holiday is generally observed with enthusiasm but does not shut down civilian life – it’s more about public displays in the afternoon. Public transit and businesses mostly operate, though smaller towns may have parades.
Democracy and National Unity Day – July 15
This is a newer holiday, established after 2016. On July 15, 2016, Turkey was shaken by an attempted military coup. The people’s resistance and eventual failure of that coup led the government to designate July 15 as Democracy and National Unity Day. It honors those who defended democracy that night, including civilians and soldiers killed in the struggle.
Observances on July 15 are generally serious and commemorative. Public ceremonies are held in major cities; for instance, a ceremony is often held on the Bosphorus Bridge (now renamed “Martyrs’ Bridge”) in Istanbul, and gatherings occur at Kızılay Square in Ankara. TV channels broadcast news retrospectives. Citizens commemorate the “martyrs of July 15” by laying flowers at memorials. Unlike the other holidays, the tone is more solemn than festive.
For travelers, expect government offices and banks closed, but no large parades or closures beyond normal. Media coverage can be heavy around this day. Tourist attractions and businesses largely continue as usual. Many visitors report that July 15 feels like any other summer holiday day in terms of closures (shops remain open in the morning and close briefly during ceremonies). The main thing to know is that security is usually high around this date, so maintain situational awareness when moving through public spaces.
Labour and Solidarity Day – May 1
Like many countries, Turkey observes May 1 as Labour Day (Emek ve Dayanışma Günü). It is a public holiday dedicated to workers. On this day, most government offices, banks, and public institutions are closed. In major cities (especially Istanbul’s Taksim Square, the traditional rally site), labor unions and workers’ groups hold marches or protests.
For a tourist, May 1 is fairly quiet from a travel standpoint. Most attractions and hotels remain open, as do restaurants and shops (though small businesses may close on May 1). If you plan to be out, anticipate that any demonstrations will be peaceful and confined to known rally areas. It is wise to avoid crowds around government buildings on this day just as a precaution. Otherwise, you can continue sightseeing – museums in Istanbul and Ankara usually open (even though local offices are closed).
New Year’s Day (Yılbaşı) – January 1
January 1st is a public holiday in Turkey, like in much of the world. New Year’s Eve (“Yılbaşı gecesi”) is widely celebrated with parties, fireworks, and concerts. Though a small Christian minority observes Christmas, December 25 is not a public holiday in Turkey. Instead, the emphasis is on ringing in the new year.
Expect streets in big cities to be full of New Year decorations and crowds. Istanbul and Ankara host major fireworks at midnight; restaurants and nightclubs offer gala dinners or DJ parties (often booking up early). Hotels put on buffets with special menus (some dishes like pomegranate salad or baklava are traditional). The night is often broadcast live on TV for viewers at home. By contrast, January 1st itself is relatively low-key: schools and offices are closed, but tourist sites often open in the afternoon, and life slowly resumes after the early celebrations.
The important thing for travelers: don’t mix up Christmas with Yılbaşı! You will find that festive decorations in Turkey in late December are for New Year’s, not Christmas. In fact, store decorations and the figure of “Noel Baba” (Father Christmas) have blended into Turkey’s New Year tradition, meaning fathers give gifts to children on New Year’s morning. If you’re in a tourist hotel, a Christmas tree might be up, but it’s really part of New Year festivities. So pack accordingly: New Year’s parties often have a dress code (semi-formal), and if you plan to join them, reserve early. Otherwise, January 1st will feel like a quiet, chilly winter day.
Religious Holidays: Understanding Islamic Feasts in Turkey
Turkey’s two major religious holidays follow the Islamic (Hijri) calendar, which is about 10–11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. This means that each year Ramazan Bayramı (Eid al-Fitr) and Kurban Bayramı (Eid al-Adha) occur roughly 10 days earlier than the year before in the Gregorian calendar. (For example, Ramazan Bayramı fell in late March in 2025, but by 2026 it falls in late March again, having shifted roughly 10 days earlier.) The exact dates are set by the lunar sighting and announced by the Religious Affairs Directorate a week or so in advance. Because they move through the seasons over the years, your travel plans should double-check dates as they approach.
These two multi-day feasts are the most important holidays for Turkey’s Muslim majority. They are celebrated nationwide – and in a very public way – with family gatherings, prayers, and civic ceremonies.
Ramazan Feast (Ramazan Bayramı or Şeker Bayramı) – Eid al-Fitr
Ramazan Bayramı, also called Şeker Bayramı (“Sugar Feast”), marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of dawn-to-sunset fasting. It is a three-day festival (not counting the eve). After a month of fasting (oruç), the first day of the feast begins with a special morning prayer at the mosque. The mood is joyous and family-oriented: people dress in their finest, visit elders, and offer sweets and greetings. Children often recite poems and visit neighbors to say “Happy Bayram” in exchange for candies or money.
The name “Sugar Feast” comes from the tradition of offering sweets. Typical foods include baklava, lokum (Turkish delight), şekerpare, halva, and revani. On each of the three days, families visit relatives and neighbors: it is customary to greet adults by kissing their hands (they may lightly tap your forehead in return) and to give small candies or toys to children. You will see trays of sweets carried door-to-door or laid out for guests. Some municipalities set up free communal iftar (fast-breaking) meals in city squares on the last days of Ramadan and first night of Bayram. Evening and night streets are filled with lights and lanterns in many towns, and community bazaars may run special “Bayram markets” for holiday food.
For travelers, Ramadan Bayramı can be a vibrant cultural experience. Contrary to myth, tourist life largely goes on. Most restaurants, cafes, and shops remain open (especially in Istanbul, Ankara, and tourist hubs) because merchants cater to locals and foreigners alike. Many hotels offer festive Bayram buffets after sunset, featuring holiday specialties. Alcohol is generally available in hotels, bars, and restaurants for non-Muslims, though it is less visible (fewer late-night parties than usual).
That said, there are etiquette points: eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours of Ramadan is legal for non-fasting people, but it can be seen as disrespectful to observant Muslims. The courteous approach is to be discreet: you might find covered areas or sit indoors to eat if you must, and avoid it on crowded streets. Most Muslims fast from dawn until sundown, so daytime traffic is somewhat lighter, and you’ll find many people relaxing at home mid-afternoon. By evening, after iftar, the towns come alive again. Most attractions remain open (though hours can be reduced the first day); it’s actually a festive time to be outside.
Traditions and Foods: On Bayram mornings, it is common for children to dress up and visit homes asking for treats. A very traditional Bayram food is Ramazan pidesi, a round, sesame-crusted soft flatbread served at iftar and sahur. Desserts like güllaç (a milky pudding layered with rosewater and nuts), cookies, and all kinds of sweet pastries abound during Bayram. At meal times, you’ll often see families sharing honey, dates, and candy. One especially warm custom: it’s polite (though not obligatory) to bring a small box of chocolates, a bottle of cologne, or sweets as a gift when visiting someone’s home for Bayram.
Sacrifice Feast (Kurban Bayramı) – Eid al-Adha
Kurban Bayramı is the Feast of the Sacrifice, and it is the holiest festival of the Islamic year in practical terms. Lasting four days (plus the eve), it honors the story of Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to God. According to tradition, God intervened and provided a ram to sacrifice instead. Hence, many Muslims commemorate this event by sacrificing a lamb (or sheep/goat/cow, depending on family means) on the first morning of Kurban Bayramı. This sacrificial meat is then distributed in thirds: one part eaten by the family, one given to relatives and friends, and one given to the poor.
While no tourist is expected to participate in an animal sacrifice, Kurban Bayramı is very visible. If you stay in a city, you may see men in rented yards or at designated slaughterhouses handling the ritual animal. (Note that by law it must be performed hygienically and typically on the morning of the feast; it is not slaughtered inside people’s homes.) Many modern Turkish families choose instead to donate the money to a charitable organization that performs the sacrifice and distributes the meat on their behalf.
For a traveler, two main impacts stand out:
- Travel and Crowds: Kurban Bayramı is Turkey’s busiest travel period, akin to Thanksgiving or Christmas travel in other countries. Many Turks living in big cities like Istanbul and Ankara travel to their home towns in Anatolia to celebrate with family. Domestic flights and long-distance buses/ferries get booked solid weeks or months in advance. Roads are extremely congested in the days leading up to the holiday and especially on the return day after Bayram. Interestingly, this can be an advantage for tourists: Istanbul becomes noticeably quieter because so many locals leave town. (One travel report notes that Istanbul felt “like a ghost town” on the first day, with hotels half empty and tourist sites uncrowded.) Still, if you plan to travel within Turkey during Bayram, book everything well ahead. Train or bus tickets, car rentals, and especially flights should be secured at least one or two months before. Ferry crossings to nearby Greek islands (popular with locals for quick getaways) also book up.
- Closures: Kurban Bayramı is an official holiday for several days. The first morning (and sometimes the night before) typically follows with a half-day or full-day closure of businesses. Banks, post offices, and most government offices shut for at least the first two or three days of Kurban Bayramı. Museums and touristic attractions in big cities often close on the first day (and sometimes reopen only in the afternoon of day two). The Grand Bazaar and Spice Bazaar in Istanbul, for example, are traditionally closed all four days of Kurban Bayramı. (Shops will put up notices announcing holiday hours, and those in tourist zones may open again on day two or three of the festival.) In any case, carry enough Turkish lira cash with you: ATMs can run low and most businesses take cash only during Bayram.
If you happen to be a guest of a Turkish family or invited into a home, expect warm hospitality. It is very common for visitors to be offered meat dishes and sweet tea. If you are uncomfortable with the idea of witnessing sacrifice, note that it’s a private, solemn ritual, and by law foreigners are not permitted to watch directly. However, hearing the first call to prayer at dawn and seeing neighbors set up the feast is part of the experience.
On the morning of Kurban Bayramı, many Turkish families traditionally sacrifice a sheep or lamb in remembrance of Ibrahim’s devotion and then share the meal widely.
Travel Tip: If you must travel by road, try to do it a day or two before the holiday starts. Returning is usually worst the day after Kurban Bayramı ends, as everyone rushes back to cities for work.
Other Islamic (Kandil) Nights
Beyond the two feasts, Turkish Muslims observe several lesser-known “Kandil” nights spread throughout the year. These include Mevlid Kandili (Prophet’s birthday), Miraç Kandili (Ascension), Berat Kandili (Forgiveness), Regaip Kandili (Prayer for Prophet’s Birth), and Kadir Gecesi (Night of Power during Ramadan). On a Kandil night, mosques light lamps and candles, special prayers are said, and families may gather to eat a special pastry called Kandil simidi (a sesame ring) to mark the occasion. These nights are not public holidays – most people simply follow their normal schedule, perhaps pausing for an evening prayer.
A Traveler’s Guide: Planning Your Vacation Around Turkish Holidays
Turkey’s public holidays can make or break your travel plans, depending on how you approach them. Is it smart to travel during a holiday? The answer is: it depends. Below we weigh the advantages and drawbacks of holiday travel in Turkey, and give practical advice on booking and schedules. Overall, a well-prepared traveler can use holidays to their advantage – you may witness a once-in-a-lifetime festival – but you must anticipate closures and crowds.
Is it a Good Idea to Travel During a Public Holiday?
- Pros: You get to experience local culture at its most festive. National days (like Republic Day) have parades, fireworks, and public celebrations that visitors rarely see on ordinary days. Religious festivals (Bayrams) involve community iftars, family gatherings, and special foods that can be fascinating to observe. The sense of hospitality is often strongest during holiday times, as Turks are in a celebratory mood. (One travel guide even notes, “Visiting Turkey during Ramadan can be a wonderful experience especially during Eid al-Fitr” – witnessing special prayers, feasts, and gift-giving among friends and family.) You might catch unique sights like children’s parades on April 23 or oil wrestling tournaments in Edirne (June) that are otherwise inaccessible. Sometimes you’ll find a quieter atmosphere: for example, Istanbul’s streets are often emptier on Kurban Bayramı day because locals have traveled home.
- Cons: Holidays bring disruptions to normal life. Domestic travel peaks, so trains and buses pack out and prices rise during Bayrams. Cities get congested before Bayram as people head out for the holiday. Banks and businesses shut fully (or partially) for multi-day stretches, and many services slow down. For example, if you need to withdraw money or send a parcel, note that nearly everything is closed on the first day of Bayram. Also, tourism infrastructure like tour operators and some restaurants may run skeleton staff during the holidays, so you might find fewer open options, especially in smaller towns. Finally, popular attractions (like Topkapi Palace or Ephesus) can become unexpectedly busy on some holidays if locals visit them.
Essential Booking Tips
- Plan ahead for flights and hotels around Bayram seasons. As noted, Kurban Bayramı is a peak travel period. Book your inter-city flights, bus tickets, and hotel rooms months in advance if your dates intersect with Eid al-Adha or Eid al-Fitr. Even national holidays like Republic Day or Victory Day can cause surges (Turks sometimes travel for short weekend trips), so mid-autumn and late-August flights can be harder to get.
- Consider the day of week. If a holiday falls adjacent to a weekend (e.g. Republic Day on Thursday Oct 29, 2026), many Turks take extra off to extend it, causing even stronger demand for travel on those dates.
- Check school calendars. Schools are closed on all these holidays, so families often travel then. Easter or Christmas weeks (though not public holidays) see foreign visitors, but local planning is dominated by Islamic and national holidays.
Turkey follows a simple rule: government offices, banks, post offices, and schools close on all public holidays. If you need to exchange currency or get services, do it a day or two before. Banks and the post office are guaranteed closed on every listed holiday above. ATMs can run dry after the first day of Bayram, so carry extra cash (Turkish lira) if traveling through the long holiday weekend.
- Museums and Attractions: On national holidays (e.g. April 23, May 19, Oct 29), museums usually operate on regular schedules, though morning ceremonies might postpone entry for a couple of hours. On the first day of either Eid festival, many museums close for the morning; they often reopen by afternoon. For instance, Istanbul’s major museums typically open at lunch time on Bayram days. The Grand Bazaar and Spice Bazaar, however, will be closed for the entire Kurban Bayramı period. Plan museum visits for holiday afternoons or the days immediately following a Bayram.
- Shopping: Most private shops in large cities remain open on national holidays, but small-town shops may close especially during Ramadan Bayram’s first morning. During Kurban Bayramı, expect everything to be shut on day one: shops, bakeries, markets, petrol stations, etc. They gradually reopen on day two. Supermarket chains in big cities often open for part of the holiday. It’s wise to stock up on snacks, water, and toiletries before the holiday begins.
- Transportation: Major highways, airports, and intercity buses run, but with modified schedules. Extra flights are usually added before and after Bayram holidays to handle the rush, but seats fill quickly. Ferries and trains often carry bayram schedules (some overnight ferries run extra). Within cities, public transit (buses, trams, metro) generally follows a weekend schedule. Taxis are available but may be in high demand.
Traveler Etiquette
To make the best impression during holidays, observe these courtesies:
- Greetings: It’s appreciated if you learn the local holiday greeting. For the two Bayrams, the common phrase is “İyi Bayramlar” (literally “Good Holidays”). You may also hear “Bayramınız mübarek olsun” (May your Bayram be blessed). A simple smile and the Turkish word “Bayram” uttered in passing is also friendly.
- Visiting Homes: If you are invited into a Turkish home during Bayram, remove your shoes at the door, accept offered sweets or tea, and compliment the food. It is polite to bring a small gift (sweets, pastries, or even a bouquet of flowers). Children will appreciate candies if you have them.
- Dress Modestly: During religious days, especially if you visit a mosque, cover your shoulders and knees; women should bring a headscarf to enter any mosque. This is standard for all mosque visits, and during holiday prayers the dress code is even stricter (men must remove shoes, women cover heads and arms fully).
- Food and Drink: As noted, do not eat, drink, or smoke in public during fasting hours; even if you are not fasting, it’s respectful to do so only inside a restaurant or discreetly in a corner. It’s permissible by law but can offend observant locals. In restaurants catering to tourists, this is relaxed, but keep a low profile until sunset. After sunset and the breaking of fast (ramazan), people will eat voraciously, and sharing a meal becomes a welcome community event.
- Behavior: Holidays can be emotionally charged (e.g. Mourning on May 19 at Anıtkabir, or somber memorials on July 15). Keep conversation respectful, and avoid political debates. It’s fine to take photos of public celebrations, but if photographing people in prayer or personal moments, ask permission first.
Beyond Public Holidays: Experiencing Turkey’s Vibrant Cultural Festivals
Turkey’s yearly calendar is studded not only with official holidays but also with colorful cultural festivals that showcase local traditions, music, and nature. These are not public holidays, but they can be highlights of a trip – and they often coincide with the nicest weather. Here are a few not-to-miss events by season:
- Istanbul Tulip Festival (April): Every spring in April, millions of tulips bloom in Istanbul’s parks and promenades. This tradition dates back to the Ottoman “Tulip Era” of the 18th century. Today, city workers plant tulips in large swaths (Emirgan Park, Gulhane Park, Sultanahmet Square and street medians are especially famous). Across the city you’ll see vivid carpets of red, pink, yellow and purple tulips. Istanbul also hosts tulip-themed concerts and small exhibitions during this month. It’s a photographer’s delight – plan a picnic in Emirgan’s tulip valley or a stroll through Sultanahmet to see the blossoms intertwined with historic buildings.
- Cappadox Festival (late May/early June): In central Anatolia’s Cappadocia region (Göreme and surrounding valleys), the Cappadox festival blends contemporary arts and nature. Over several days, you’ll find open-air concerts (often at sunrise with hot air balloons floating above), underground art installations, yoga workshops, and local wine tastings. The surreal rock landscape of Cappadocia becomes an amphitheater. (The festival’s name is a portmanteau of “Cappadocia” and “paradox” – fitting for its blend of modern creativity and ancient scenery.) Booking in advance is wise, as Cappadox is increasingly popular among cultural travelers.
- Kırkpınar Oil Wrestling Festival (June/July): Head to Edirne in early summer (traditionally the last weekend of June) to witness Kırkpınar, the world’s oldest continuous sports competition. For three days, wrestlers (pehlivans) wearing only leather shorts douse themselves in olive oil and grapple in a grass arena. The thick olive oil makes the match both humorous and difficult – slipping and elbowing abound. The event is a folk spectacle: crowds cheer, Turkish folk music plays, and the champion is crowned “chief wrestler.” In 2010 Kırkpınar was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list. It’s a very local festival, so expect a rural vibe (and plan to sit on wooden stands or the grass). Many Turks affectionately call Kırkpınar “oil wrestling” and it’s a strange but authentic tradition. (If wrestling isn’t your thing, the festive outdoor bazaar and eating in Edirne’s famous ciğer tava (fried liver) stalls are highlights in themselves.)
- Nevroz (Newroz) – Kurdish New Year (March 21): In the southeast (and among Kurdish communities in big cities), March 21 (around spring equinox) is Newroz or New Year. Bonfires are the signature symbol: on the night of March 20, people light large bonfires outdoors and jump over the flames, chanting “Newroz pîroz be” (Happy Newroz). The fire represents the end of winter and the return of spring. In Istanbul or Diyarbakır, expect lively street celebrations with music and dancing that evening. Outside the Kurdish regions, it’s a low-key spring celebration (often associated with Alevi communities, too). It’s not an official holiday, but it’s culturally important in areas where it’s celebrated.
- Hıdırellez (May 5–6): Often called Turkey’s “spring festival,” Hıdırellez celebrates the meeting of two saints, Khidr and Ilyas, and marks the onset of summer. In essence, people welcome spring’s renewal. Customs vary by region, but common practices include spring cleaning, preparing special meals (often lamb dishes), and outdoor picnics in green areas. A famous Hıdırellez ritual is the “wish pot” or “fortune pot”: on the night before May 6, girls gather and place a ring, earring or note with a wish into a pot of water, sealing it under a rose bush; the next day they draw lots from the pot, each draw accompanied by a folk song, to divine who will marry or get lucky. Also, people may tie cloth to a tree or visit saints’ tombs to ask for blessings. Hıdırellez days are full of picnics in parks (locals know the best “Hıdırlık” picnic spots, often by springs or trees). It has a whimsical, community feel, quite different from the formal holidays, and no official closures – just widespread folklore in action.
Best Holiday Destinations in Turkey for Every Traveler Type
Turkey offers diverse experiences depending on what kind of holiday you seek. Here are recommendations keyed to your interests:
- For the Culture & History Buff: Istanbul cannot be missed. Its mix of ancient (Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, Blue Mosque) and Ottoman (Basilica Cistern, Süleymaniye) sites, plus bazaars like the Grand Bazaar, makes for a rich trip. Spend at least 2–3 days: highlights include climbing the Galata Tower for views, watching the sunset from Süleymaniye, and touring the Hagia Sophia Museum. From Istanbul, fly or drive to Cappadocia (3 days) for troglodyte churches and fairy chimneys, and if time allows, a hot-air balloon ride at dawn. Another must-see is Ephesus near Izmir, whose remarkably preserved Roman ruins are unforgettable.
- For the Family (Beach Vacation): Turkey’s Mediterranean and Aegean coasts are world-class for family beach resorts. The Antalya region (Lara, Belek, Kemer) is especially geared to families: long sandy beaches with gentle drop-offs, and many large, all-inclusive resorts with kids’ clubs and water parks. Just west of Antalya, Patara Beach is one of the longest and most sheltered sandy beaches in Turkey, ideal for toddlers and turtle-egg protection areas. Further south on the Aegean, Bodrum (Turgutreis, Gümbet, Bitez) has lively seaside towns and beaches right by the city, plus calm coves. Fethiye/Ölüdeniz on the Turquoise Coast (Muğla province) is another top family spot: Ölüdeniz Lagoon’s buoyant blue water is safe for swimming and shallow. The famous Butterfly Valley is a short boat ride away for adventurous older kids. In general, coasts east of Antalya (Anamur, Gazipaşa) are quieter but less developed. For family comfort, Antalya-Belek has the densest concentration of resorts and services; Bodrum and Fethiye offer more charm and variety of beaches.
- For the Adventurer & Nature Lover: Don’t miss Cappadocia (hot-air ballooning, hiking through volcanic valleys), Kaş/Kekova (fantastic scuba diving and sea kayaking among sunken ruins), and the Lycian Way (a famed 540 km hiking trail along the southern coast from Ölüdeniz to Antalya). Trek a section of the Lycian Way for dramatic coastal views (one day can cover a breathtaking stretch around Butterfly Valley or near Xanthos). Inland, adventure seekers enjoy Mount Ararat (Ağrı) for climbing, and winter sports in the Eastern Anatolian mountains (like Palandöken near Erzurum for skiing).
- For the Foodie: Turkey has remarkable cuisine, and holidays can amplify it. Plan to visit Istanbul’s vibrant markets: Spice Bazaar for Turkish delights and spices, Kadıköy market for mezes and street food. During Ramadan Bayramı or Kurban Bayramı, special dishes abound (such as kavurma – a stewed lamb dish prepared with the sacrifice, or hamursuz pilav – plain rice with butter – on Eid mornings). Consider a food tour in Gaziantep for baklava and pistachio treats, or dine in Şanlıurfa for kebabs. Many resorts offer themed “Turkish Night” dinners with folk dancing. During festival periods like Cappadox, local chefs showcase Anatolian ingredients with modern twists.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Holidays in Turkey
Q: How many official public holidays are there in Turkey? Turkey observes 13 holiday dates in total each year (including New Year’s, the four national days listed above, and the two multi-day Bayrams). Because Ramazan Bayramı lasts about 3 days and Kurban Bayramı about 4 days, the total days off is roughly 15.5 per year.
Q: What is the biggest holiday in Turkey? From a national perspective, Republic Day (Oct 29) is the most significant secular holiday, commemorating Turkey’s founding in 1923. It is celebrated widely with official ceremonies. Culturally and socially, however, the Kurban Bayramı (Feast of Sacrifice) is often considered the “biggest” in terms of family participation – it’s a four-day holiday where nearly everyone is off work, travels, and reunites with family, similar to how Christmas/Thanksgiving function in some countries. In short, Republic Day is the biggest state holiday, while Kurban Bayramı is the biggest people’s holiday.
Q: Can tourists drink alcohol in Turkey during Ramadan? Yes. While Muslims fast during daylight in Ramadan, there is no law in Turkey forbidding alcohol to non-fasting people. Many hotels, bars, and restaurants (especially in tourist areas) continue to serve alcohol as usual. It is true that during Ramadan alcohol consumption is more discreet: shops selling alcohol may close during the day on the first day of Ramadan or have shorter hours, and public Ramadan iftars (community meals) typically do not include alcohol. But foreigners should not worry about being refused drinks – popular tourist districts in Istanbul and coastal resort towns remain fully open at night. Just be polite: you might choose to drink in a restaurant interior rather than at a street cafe in plain view of families if that feels more considerate to local customs.
Q: What should I pack for a holiday in Turkey? Pack according to season and activities, with an extra emphasis on modesty for cultural sites. In summer, light cotton clothes, a hat, sunglasses, and swimwear are essential. In spring (Ramazan Bayramı can be as late as April) you’ll need a light jacket for cooler nights. For winter visits, warm coats are needed, especially if you go to the east. Always bring a scarf or shawl if you plan to enter mosques (required for women, optional for men but always keep shoulders covered). Comfortable walking shoes are a must – cobblestones and historic sites call for good footwear. If visiting mountains or rural areas, consider hiking boots. For beach trips, a sarong and water shoes are handy. Other items: Turkish summer sun can be strong, so high-SPF sunscreen is recommended. Travel adapters for Turkish power outlets (Type C/F) are a good idea. Finally, always carry some cash (Turkish lira) – small vendors, village shops, or taxis may not take cards, and ATMs may be empty on holidays.
Q: How do you wish someone a happy holiday in Turkish? During the two main Bayram holidays, the phrase “İyi bayramlar” is commonly used (literally, “good holidays”). It works for both Ramazan Bayramı and Kurban Bayramı. On a more personal note, you can say “Bayramınız mübarek olsun”, meaning “may your Bayram be blessed.” If speaking about Republic Day, one might say “Cumhuriyet Bayramınız kutlu olsun” (“Happy Republic Day to you”). These simple greetings are always appreciated. A smile and a handshake (or cheek kiss if you know the person) also go a long way.
Conclusion: Embracing the Spirit of Turkish Festivities
Turkey’s holidays offer travelers a unique window into the country’s rich heritage and warm hospitality. Whether it’s standing beneath fireworks on Republic Day, sharing sweets during Ramazan Bayramı, or picnicking under the spring sun on Hıdırellez, each festival reveals a different thread of Turkish culture. Yes, planning around holidays requires care – you’ll need to book early for Bayrams, adapt to closures, and show cultural sensitivity. But the rewards are genuine: Turkish people are famously hospitable, and during their holidays that hospitality shines brightest.
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