Nestled in the heart of Bursa’s historic Hanlar (inns) quarter, Koza Han (literally “Silk Cocoon Inn”) is a 15th‑century Ottoman caravanserai that anchors the city’s famed silk bazaar. Built in 1490–91 by order of Sultan Bayezid II to fund his charitable waqf, the han today still pulses with the legacy of the Silk Road: its two-story stone-and-brick walls encircle a wide cobbled courtyard and house dozens of silk workshops, cafes and tea gardens. At its center stands an octagonal masjid (mosque) raised on pillars above a marble ablution fountain – a dramatic detail designed to keep the prayer space clean of the pack animals tethered below. The portal on the north façade – with its ornate spiral moulding and turquoise-inlaid tiles – still welcomes visitors as it did merchants five centuries ago. In short, Koza Han is both architectural jewel and living marketplace: a rare, largely intact caravanserai where Ottoman history meets modern Bursa. As one travel writer observed, “Stepping into Koza Han is like stepping back in time”, amid arched galleries, leafy oaks, and the hush of history preserved under dozens of domes.

Historical Background of Koza Han

Origins and Patronage: Koza Han was commissioned by Sultan Bayezid II (r. 1481–1512) at the height of Ottoman power. The endowment registers record that Bayezid’s foundation entrusted the han’s revenues to support his külliye (mosque complex) in Istanbul. Built adjacent to Bursa’s Orhan Gazi Mosque, the han opened in September 1491. Its architect was Abdülali, son of the Persian master builder Pulad Şah. (No original inscription survives, so historians rely on Ottoman archives to date the project.) The han’s full Turkish name is “Yeni Kervansaray – Cedid-i Evvel Han” (literally “New Caravanserai” of the first generation), a reminder that Bayezid saw it as a modern counterpart to earlier hans.

Bursa and the Silk Trade: By the late 15th century, Bursa had long been the empire’s silk capital. The city’s early Ottoman sultans founded social complexes (külliyes) around which neighborhoods and markets grew. In fact, UNESCO notes that “for the better part of a century” Bursa remained crucial to the Ottoman silk trade, both importing raw silk from Asia and producing it locally. Records from 1487–1513 show Bursa handled enormous volumes of silk (as much as 120 tons per year). Koza Han was built at the peak of this boom. Contemporary accounts note that Medici and other European agents even maintained offices here to broker trade, underscoring its cosmopolitan importance. Originally, merchants sold raw silk cocoons at Koza Han as well – hence its name (koza = cocoon) – and fabrics woven from those cocoons fueled Bursa’s rise as a textile center. Over time the hall’s role has shifted more toward finished goods, but it remains the heart of Bursa’s silk legacy.

Waqf System and Evolution: Koza Han was established as a vakıf (Islamic charitable trust). All proceeds from room rentals and stalls were legally earmarked to fund Bayezid II’s charitable works (primarily his mosque complex in Istanbul). This public-endowment model was typical of Ottoman urban planning: each sultan built pious foundations that stimulated commerce and welfare in tandem. Koza Han’s commercial role and waqf status meant it was carefully maintained over centuries. It weathered fires, earthquakes and political upheavals by virtue of these endowments. Yet despite the ebb and flow of silk fortunes (later undercut by industrial competition), Koza Han has continuously served merchants for over 500 years. Its long usage is one reason it remains so well-preserved compared to other medieval inns.

Architectural Significance

Plan and Layout: Koza Han exemplifies a classic Ottoman caravanserai plan. The structure is a nearly rectangular enclosure (approximately 45.9×37.5 m) built of alternating layers of dressed stone and brick. Its only entrance is a monumental arched portal on the north side; this iwan-like portal projects outward and was the building’s grand facade. Inside, two levels of arched galleries (arcades) wrap around a paved central courtyard. The ground floor contained roughly 50 vaulted rooms and the upper floor about 54 rooms (earlier sources alternately count 45+50 rooms; in any case, around 100 total). Each cell opened onto the courtyard via a domed portico, providing merchants with shop/workspace. A second, irregular courtyard adjoins on the east side – this was the original stable yard (see below). In sum, Koza Han’s plan places commerce at the center, literally encircled by the shelter of its arcade walls.

Materials and Ornament: The exterior of Koza Han is renowned for its bichrome masonry – horizontal bands of stone alternating with brick. This pattern, common in classical Ottoman architecture, creates a rhythmic visual effect. Beneath the eaves runs a carved “double-chain” or sawtooth motif, tiled in burnt clay, which encircles the courtyard walls like a decorative belt. Windows in the portal were originally narrow slits (for air flow) and larger arched openings are patched into later repairs. The massive portal itself is richly detailed: stone columns and moldings flank the arched doorway, whose edges are carved into a helicoid (spiral) pattern. Its recessed spandrels are inlaid with geometric turquoise tiles forming arabesque patterns. The artful portal sets a lofty tone: as one architectural historian notes, the “cable moulding” spirals around the entrance niche like ornamental rope, highlighting the transition from bustling street to serene courtyard.

Central Mescit and Fountain: The courtyard’s dominant feature is the raised mescit (prayer chamber). This octagonal stone kiosk-mosque stands on eight marble pillars at the center of the yard. Accessed by a carved marble staircase, it is topped by a small dome. Raising the mosque above ground was a deliberate design: it kept the prayer space clear of animals and goods that crowded the ground floor below. Directly under the mosque sits an octagonal marble sadirvan (ablutions fountain), covered by a zinc roof. Worshippers would ritually wash there before ascending to the raised prayer hall. (Hürriyet Daily News notes a “water tank and a fountain” under the mosque.) The mosque’s niches and cupola were originally ornamented, though most decoration has worn away. This arrangement – a mosque on pillars with fountain beneath – is a hallmark of Ottoman hans like Koza, balancing sacred space with caravan life.

Interior Spaces: Behind each arched gallery are rows of rectangular vaulted rooms. Originally these were multi-purpose: merchants lived, slept, conducted business and stored goods here. Each vaulted chamber features a brick dome or barrel vault, often with a small fireplace. Today most rooms have been converted into shops or workshops. The corner rooms of the courtyard (covered by shallow domes) once served as porticoes; these have been largely replaced by wooden storefronts in modern times. The overall effect is a labyrinth of dim, narrow corridors bounded by stone arches – strikingly different from open-air bazaars. Notably, a ground-floor hall abutting the main entry (on the left as one enters) originally contained a cube-shaped central fountain. (This fountain is gone, but its presence suggests a patterned layout.)

Portal and Entrance: The street entrance portal is Koza Han’s most elaborate facade. It juts out about two meters from the north wall and consists of a tall recess (iwan) framed by engaged columns. The frame is decorated with spiral moldings, marble muqarnas (stalactite vaulting) panels, and an inlaid tile lunette. Art historian Yekta Demiralp describes the portal as featuring “cable moulding on the edges” and “five-pointed star motifs woven from turquoise tiles” on the spandrels. These rich details contrast with the Han’s otherwise austere stonework, marking a ceremonial threshold. Above the doorway an inscription once recorded the founder and date, but it is now lost. Locals regard the portal as an Instagram-worthy spot: indeed, the elaborate portal arch motif is one of the han’s signature sights.

Comparison with Other Ottoman Hans: In its footprint and features, Koza Han is very similar to Bursa’s other hans (e.g. Çekirge Han, Pirinç Han) and to later Anatolian caravanserais. Its form – two-story rectangular frame, interior mescit, stables at one end – became a standard template. What sets Koza Han apart is its scale and state of preservation. With over a hundred vaulted rooms and a fully intact courtyard mosque, it is among the largest in Bursa. Architecturally, it showcases the sophistication of 15th-century Ottoman design. By contrast, many other hans were simpler or have suffered major alterations. Koza Han thus provides a near-complete lesson in classical hans’ form and function. “It is a masterpiece of Ottoman architecture,” one guidebook notes, “with arcades, columns and exquisite details”.

UNESCO World Heritage Status

Koza Han stands within the “Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire” World Heritage Site, inscribed by UNESCO in 2014. This serial property recognizes Bursa as the first Ottoman capital and its surrounding landscapes; Koza Han exemplifies criterion (iv) as an outstanding example of early Ottoman architecture. UNESCO highlights Bursa’s innovative urban planning – five kulliyes on hilltops, interconnected by the waqf system – and emphasizes its commercial khans as vital parts of the social fabric. Koza Han, with its waqf foundations and silk trade heritage, directly illustrates these themes. Its inclusion under criterion (ii) and (vi) underscores its role in cultural exchanges along the Silk Road as well as its traditional significance.

The han has been meticulously restored over the centuries and particularly in the modern era. Historical records and conservation archives show major repair campaigns in 1630, 1671 and 1784. By the 20th century it had suffered earthquake damage, prompting a full restoration of its courtyard mosque in 1946 and again in 2007. The 2007 program – funded by the EU and Turkish government – repaired stonework, domes and facades, bringing Koza Han back to its fifteenth-century glory. As a result, UNESCO cites Koza Han among the best-preserved monuments in Bursa’s historic market district.

Today Koza Han’s World Heritage status guides its stewardship: any alterations must preserve its Outstanding Universal Value. For example, the UNESCO management plan mandates that modern additions (like café furniture in the courtyard) remain reversible and sympathetic to the setting. Interpretive signage (multilingual panels) informs visitors of its heritage. The Bursa Site Management Unit even maintains a small photo archive for Koza Han. These efforts ensure that Koza Han remains both a living bazaar and a well-documented cultural monument, linking contemporary life with the 500-year history that UNESCO honors.

Visitor Information & Practical Tips

Opening Hours: Koza Han is generally open daily from morning until evening. Most shops operate roughly 08:00–19:00 (some sources note closures on Sunday). Because it is a market rather than a museum, entry to the courtyard is free of charge; you can stroll among the silk stalls and cafés without paying a fee. (Note: individual shops set their own hours, and most close for a long lunch or on slow mornings.)

Best Time to Visit: Seasons make a difference. Spring (March–May) is often cited as ideal, when mild weather and courtyard blooms enhance the ambiance. (Travel guides praise “blooming flowers” and temperate sunshine in spring.) Autumn (Sept–Nov) is similarly pleasant, with cooler air and the golden hues of local trees. Summer can be hot, but early mornings and late afternoons are enjoyable – you’ll see more locals taking tea and siesta during midday heat. Winter is off-peak: colder and quieter, but the indoor shops and tea houses remain cozy. In practice, the courtyard cafés around Koza Han have live plants and heaters to take the edge off cool weather.

One blogger advises: “The best time to visit is in the afternoon or evening, when the han is less crowded and more lively”. Indeed, weekday mornings tend to be quiet (ideal for photos), while weekends and holidays draw crowds. If you prefer calm, plan for a weekday morning or an evening visit after the big city tours have left.

Getting There: Koza Han is in central Bursa near the Grand Mosque (Ulucami) and the Covered Bazaar (Kapalıçarşı). The easiest public transit is the T1 tram line – disembark at Ulu Camii or Tuzpazarı stops and walk a few minutes along Uzunçarşı (“Long Bazaar”) street. Several city buses (e.g. lines 14F, 38) also stop nearby. Taxis and rideshares are plentiful if you’re coming from farther out. The Ottoman-era Şehreküstü metro stop (M1a line) is about 800 m east. If you’re on foot, it’s only a 5–10 minute stroll from Ulucami, so most tour itineraries combine the mosque, han and bazaars in one loop.

Entrance & Fees: There is no admission ticket for Koza Han itself – you may enter and walk the courtyard at will. (If you join a guided tour, any guide fees are separate.) Inside, shops and cafes charge normally; some may not accept credit cards (see below).

Recommended Visit Duration: Allocate at least 1–2 hours for Koza Han. This allows time to admire the architecture, browse the shops, and sit for tea. Of course, the han can charm you into a longer stay if you want a slow pace. If you’re pressed for time, even a 30-minute visit will give you a sense of the place; but to shop or linger at a café, plan for 1½–2 hours.

What to Buy: Koza Han’s shops specialize in silk products. You’ll find beautiful silk scarves, shawls, ties and fabrics in a rainbow of colors. Tailored silk garments, brocade table linens and traditional bridal dowry textiles are available too. Some stores sell spices, teas and silverware, though silk is the main draw. Note that quality and price vary: some shops offer museum-grade antique textiles, while others stock cheap souvenirs. It’s worth comparing for quality.

Many vendors also offer custom weaving or embroidery if you’re interested in local handicrafts. Ask politely if you can see a demonstration loom (some shops maintain a small workshop in back). Also look for shops selling silk cocoons or pişmiş (rice husk) bags used in traditional silk farming – these are authentic Bursa curio items.

Payment & Bargaining: Koza Han is traditionally a cash-only market. While a few shops might accept credit cards (often with a 5–10% fee), most expect Turkish lira. ATMs are available on the street outside; local exchange offices can convert currency. One travel guide bluntly warns: “Bring cash: Koza Han is a cash-only market”. Don’t assume your credit card will work.

Bargaining is expected and customary. Shopkeepers typically quote a high price initially. Feel free to offer a lower figure and negotiate. Experts advise: “Koza Han is a place where bargaining is expected and encouraged, so do not be shy… you can offer a lower one, and then go back and forth until you reach a fair deal”. The vendors are generally friendly, and polite haggling is part of the fun. It’s wise to browse a few shops before buying, so you can reference a competitor’s offer. Remember that a little local Turkish (even just “Teşekkürler” for thanks) goes a long way.

Facilities & Services: Koza Han offers basic tourist amenities. The courtyard has several tea gardens and cafés with seating and restrooms. These cafés serve Turkish tea, coffee, fresh-squeezed juice and traditional pastries. You can often sit on low stools under the courtyard’s leafy oaks and cool fountains. This makes for a peaceful break from the busy bazaar streets. As one travel writer notes, “the leafy inner courtyard is shaded by towering oak trees… today the courtyard is filled with cozy cafes, offering a peaceful retreat”.

Given its central location, Koza Han is close to other services: visitor information and bank ATMs are within a few blocks, and parking is available at nearby paid lots if you come by car. Restrooms in the han are free to use; some shops will let you use theirs if you politely ask.

Visitor Tips:

• Timing: Aim for an early visit to enjoy the han without crowds. Mornings (before 10 am) are quiet, making it easier to photograph the architecture. Late afternoons are also pleasant as light softens.
• Dress: Though no strict dress code is enforced, modest attire is respectful in this historic Islamic site. Sunglasses and hats are helpful for daytime sun.
• Attire & Comfort: Wear comfortable shoes – the cobbles and stone floors can be uneven. The inner courtyard can be cooler (shade + fountain mist) in summer. In winter, cafés may use outdoor heaters, but a light jacket is advisable.
• Currency: Bring small bills and coins for shopping and tea. It’s traditional to buy and tip in cash.
• Language: Shopkeepers may speak minimal English; key Turkish phrases (merhaba [hello], teşekkürler [thanks], çok güzel [very nice]) can enrich the experience. Many will explain their products with gestures or by counting on their fingers.
• Conduct: Remember Koza Han is also a place of worship. The mescit is usually open and people do pray there. Maintain decorum: keep voices low in the prayer area, and always ask permission before photographing anyone up close.

By keeping these points in mind, visitors can navigate Koza Han smoothly and enjoy both its history and its present-day charm.

Shopping & Amenities

Once inside Koza Han’s courtyard, shopping is the main attraction. The mosaic of shops and stalls sells silk in every form. Prominent offerings include hand-embroidered silk scarves and shawls, woven fabrics, brocade tablecloths and garments, and silk ties and accessories. Many boutique stores display silk of various fineness – from rough pom-pom fabric (trailing-edge konya) to ultra-fine damask. You’ll also encounter non-silk goods: pashmina shawls, silver jewelry, leather wallets, and teas or spices.

As one travel feature notes, the shops around the courtyard “sell an array of silk garments, scarves, and even some fine table silver”. Quality is generally high: even budget stalls carry silk or silk blends. Prices range from a few Turkish lira for small souvenirs to hundreds of lira for premium carpets or bridal ensembles. For authenticity, seek out the Bursa silk label (often woven into the fabric edge), which marks regional origin.

Courtyard Cafés and Tea Gardens: Interspersed among the shops are a dozen or so cafes and tea lounges. These are not only for refreshment but are attractions in themselves. Tables with floor cushions line the shaded arcades, and waiters serve apple tea, Turkish coffee, fruit juices, sherbet, and local snacks like lokum (Turkish delight). Historic photos and signs decorate the walls, adding to the atmosphere. The most popular café is often near the center fountain: its terrace under the mosque’s shadow offers a prime vantage point. As one visitor blog describes it, sipping tea here “feels like participating in a centuries-old tradition”.

These cafés also serve as meeting points and rest spots. It’s common to spend an hour at a tableside, lingering over multiple cups of tea while watching the day unfold. Free carafes of water and (sometimes) Wi-Fi are often provided. Most menus list traditional Turkish breakfasts and light sandwiches if you stay longer. Local favorites include thick dibek coffee (served in brass cezves with foam) and refreshing ayran (salted yogurt drink) on warm days.

The overall ambience is relaxed: low tables, plush rugs, and an inner garden-like feel under mature oaks that have shaded the han for centuries. On a sunny day, this contrast of greenery and stone makes Koza Han’s cafes a tranquil oasis. Many travellers report that sitting in these courtyard cafés – Turkish tea in hand, with the ancient arches overhead – is a highlight of their Bursa visit. Indeed, Travel Store Turkey advises visitors not to miss sipping tea in the courtyard cafés.

Workshops and Demonstrations: While Koza Han is primarily a shopping site, you may also stumble upon artisan demonstrations. A few shops maintain working looms or hand-loom weaving corners where silk is still woven on site. It’s not uncommon for craftsmen to show how traditional silk shawls or carpets are made, especially if asked. Some shops sell cocoon baths (sheds where silkworms were traditionally cultivated) as curios. On festivals or cultural days, the han occasionally hosts small exhibitions of Ottoman textiles or live music. (Check the local tourist office or sites like Setur.com.tr for announcements.)

For children and families, there is no dedicated play area, but the open courtyard and fountain intrigue kids while adults shop. Souvenir stands near the entrance sell postcards, magnets, and low-cost silk trims – good for souvenirs or gifts.

Cash-Only Market Dynamics: As noted above, most transactions in Koza Han are cash-only. The vendors are accustomed to bargaining, and many expect that. Prices are typically quoted in lira, so familiarize yourself with the exchange rate. It’s wise to visit a nearby ATM before entering, or to carry a handful of small bills and change. Some stores have begun accepting credit cards, but those usually add a surcharge and may give a less favorable exchange. (One traveler tip: always count your change carefully; small errors can happen in busy shops.)

Given the cash culture, shops will direct you to ATMs outside the han if needed. There are bank branches within a few blocks, but avoid big walls of bills inside the han where thieves might lurk. Evening kahve sessions in the courtyard can usually be paid by card at the café, but again, having cash on hand is safest.

Bargaining Strategies: Because haggling is customary, treat prices as negotiable. A good approach is to ask “Kaç?” (“How much?”) and then mentally halve it. Smile and counter with a figure around 40–50% of the asking price. You’ll quickly get the feel: most sellers expect to settle around 60–70% of sticker price. Do not appear offended – bargaining is part of the fun. If you really like an item, suggest you’re a student or explain the price sounds too high. As one guidebook advises, “do not be shy to negotiate the prices… they will start with a high price, but you can go back and forth”. In many stalls the vendors may invite you to sit and have tea before continuing the deal – a genuine Ottoman-era custom of hospitality.

Additional Services: If you fall in love with a particular fabric, some shops offer shipping services: they can mail bulky carpets or clothing overseas (though at your expense). Many smaller shops will clean or repair silk garments for a fee, using age-old starching and pressing methods. A handful of stores also sell tea leaves, spices, and other local products, tying Koza Han into the broader bazaar economy.

Cultural & Economic Impact

Koza Han’s significance extends beyond tourism: it is a living reminder of Bursa’s central role in the Ottoman economy. Historically, the han was at the nexus of Asia–Europe trade. UNESCO notes that in its heyday, Bursa “continued to be extremely important in the Ottoman silk trade, acting as a focal point for the importation of silk from China via Persia”. Koza Han, opened just as silk from India and Iran flooded westward, became a hub for that commerce. Its long arcades once teemed with goods from every part of the empire.

In modern Bursa, Koza Han still contributes to the local economy – though now in tourism and heritage branding rather than large-volume trade. The han employs hundreds (shop owners, artisans, café staff), and it anchors a cluster of over 200 surrounding shops in the historic market quarter. It is common to hear shopkeepers speak of a Koza Han Silk Traders Association, reflecting how seriously locals take their heritage commerce. (Bursa’s newspapers occasionally report on this association’s efforts to obtain grants for conservation and fair promotion of Bursa silk.)

As one economic study notes, Bursa still produces its own silk fiber on a small scale; what shops sell at Koza Han is mostly locally woven silk patterned for tourists, plus some imported silk for variety. In effect, Koza Han is Bursa’s silk showroom for the world. The presence of hundreds of international visitors each year means even small workshops can remain in business. In this way, the han helps sustain traditional crafts (hand-weaving, dyeing) that might otherwise disappear.

On the cultural side, Koza Han is a symbol of Bursa’s Ottoman heritage revival. City and heritage authorities have invested in interpretive programs around it. It frequently hosts cultural festivals, such as the annual “Silk and Carpets Festival” where traditional music and costume are showcased in the courtyard. The han’s imagery (arches and loggias) is used on local souvenirs and city logos, underlining its iconic status. Even international dignitaries have recognized Koza Han: in 2008 Queen Elizabeth II toured the han, underscoring its diplomatic and cultural cachet.

Finally, Koza Han’s story enriches our understanding of Ottoman urbanism. It exemplifies the public charity (vakıf) model that financed education, religion and trade. Urban planners and historians point to Koza Han as evidence of how the Ottomans integrated commerce and welfare: the profits of a commercial hub funded schools and hospitals. Its conservation also illustrates modern Turkey’s efforts to balance commerce with preservation. In short, Koza Han is more than a pretty courtyard – it is a microcosm of Bursa’s socio-economic evolution and the heritage of the Silk Road.

The Inner Koza Han (İç Koza Han)

Tucked behind the main complex on the east side lies a hidden annex known as İç Koza Han (“Inner Koza Han”). Historically, this was the han’s stable block. According to the Bursa Site Management, “İç Koza Han – formerly used as a stable – adjoins Koza Han on the east”. Merchants of yore would have tied their horses and pack animals here through a narrow 3.66 m gate, unloading goods into the main courtyard. Ottoman records even refer to this section by names such as Şimşek Hanı or Beylik Hanı in past centuries, indicating its longtime role in logistics.

In recent years, İç Koza Han has been fully restored. The once-humble stableyard is now a charming secondary courtyard ringed by small cafes and coffee shops. Today you enter it through a wooden door off the main Koza Han court. Inside, the floor is tiled and tables with umbrellas fill the space. It often hosts a popular cafe called “Abone Kahve” and a few stalls selling snacks. Signs explain that the space has been repurposed “for food and beverage”. Thus the inner Koza Han has become a serene nook to enjoy a coffee away from the main courtyard bustle.

Visitors have raved about this intimate spot. One Yelp reviewer notes “even Queen Elizabeth visited the location… the atmosphere inside Koza Han is likened to the heart, lungs, and spleen of Bursa’s special inn region,” and another advises, “Pass through the door of Koza Han and be sure to visit İç Koza Han”. Indeed, guidebooks highlight İç Koza Han as a “very quiet and pleasant place ideal for drinking decent coffee”. Its restored space still retains some old stone walls and arches, providing an enclosed garden feel. Special events, such as a local poetry reading or an art exhibition, are occasionally held here.

In essence, İç Koza Han illustrates how the han complex has adapted: the place of horses has become a place of hospitality, but the stone architecture remains a testament to its working origins. Together, Koza Han and İç Koza Han offer a layered experience – one can sense both the hum of medieval trade and the comfort of a modern café. This duality underlines Koza Han’s uniqueness as a living heritage site.

FAQs & Quick Facts

• What are the operating hours of Koza Han? Koza Han typically opens early morning and closes in the evening (roughly 08:00–19:00, although exact times vary by shop). Many vendors take a long afternoon break. It may be closed on Sundays/public holidays according to some guides. It’s best to visit on weekdays or early before crowds.
• Is there an entry fee for Koza Han? No. Entrance to the courtyard and browsing the shops is free of charge. You only pay for the items you purchase or anything you eat/drink inside.
• What is the best time to visit Koza Han? Spring and autumn are considered ideal for comfort and scenery. Early morning or late afternoon visits beat the heat and crowds. Some visitors favor the cool tranquility of winter mornings (shops are warmer and tourists sparser).
• How long should I allocate for visiting? Plan about 1–2 hours. This allows time to admire the architecture, shop leisurely, and take a tea break. (Photography enthusiasts might stay longer, whereas a quick tour can be done in 30–45 minutes.)
• How do I get to Koza Han? It’s in central Osmangazi, near the Grand Mosque (Ulucami). The easiest route is via Tram T1 – disembark at Ulucami or Tuzpazarı and walk a few minutes. Several city buses (e.g. 14F, 38) stop nearby. The Şehreküstü metro station is ~800 m away. Taxis or rideshare from any point in Bursa can drop you at the main gate on Uzunçarşı street.
• Do I need to bring cash? Yes. Koza Han is primarily a cash-only market. Have Turkish lira on hand for purchases and cafe bills. Some vendors accept credit cards (often with a fee), but most expect cash. ATMs are just outside the han for withdrawals.
• Is bargaining expected at Koza Han? Absolutely. Sellers expect you to haggle. Never pay the first price. Politely counter with a lower offer; “playing hard to get” is part of the culture. A travel guide advises, “don’t be shy to negotiate” – going back and forth until a fair price is reached. Remember to remain courteous; a smile and a firm but friendly tone work best.