Bodrum Castle (the medieval Castle of St. Peter, or Petronium) stands sentinel on a rocky promontory overlooking Bodrum’s harbor and the blue Aegean beyond. The Order of St. John (the Knights Hospitaller) built the castle beginning in the early 15th century, drawing on stones and even decorative reliefs from the ancient Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Today it is Turkey’s premier Museum of Underwater Archaeology, a globally renowned collection housed in the very fortress once used as a Crusader stronghold. Visitors are struck by the castle’s enduring stone walls and five iconic towers (named for the French, Spanish, German, Italian and English knights who built them), its Gothic arches and labyrinthine stairs, and the panoramic Aegean vistas from its ramparts.

Planning Your Visit in 2025/2026: Everything You Need to Know

Bodrum Castle sits in the heart of Bodrum city, just adjacent to the marina. Reaching the castle is straightforward: the nearest airport is Milas–Bodrum Airport (BJV), about 36 kilometers to the north-west. From BJV the easiest transfers are via taxi, airport shuttle bus or private transfer – the ride takes roughly 40 minutes along the highway into Bodrum. Alternatively, Bodrum’s harbor links the town to the Greek islands by daily ferry services (for example, short high-speed ferries to Kos), so sea passengers can arrive directly to Bodrum’s waterfront. Cruise ships also dock in Bodrum; passengers typically disembark near the marina and may walk or take a dolmuş (shared minibus) up to the castle in town. Within Bodrum itself, regular dolmuş minibus routes run from the city center and outlying districts to the castle area, and driving is easy thanks to good roads (ample paid parking is usually available near the castle, though a short walk may be needed).

Opening hours: As of 2025 the castle and its Underwater Archaeology Museum are open daily. Summer hours have been extended: from June to early autumn the site is open roughly 08:30–19:00 (with special evening sessions now offered from 19:00–22:00). In the winter or “off-season” (fall through spring) the hours revert to about 08:30–17:30 daily. Note that the exact closing time varies slightly depending on the month; in any case the ticket office shuts about half an hour before the posted closing. There are no regular weekly closures (unlike some museums, Bodrum Castle does not close on Mondays), though it will be shut on major national holidays and certain cultural events. Admission fee: In recent years the entrance cost has hovered around €20–€25. For example, in late 2024 a ticket (including the Audio Guide) was reported at about €23. By 2025 the fee is likely to be comparable (modern Turkish prices may shift due to inflation, so check current info before you go). The good news is that if you have a Turkish Museum Pass (such as the Museum Pass Aegean or Museum Pass Türkiye), entry is included. That pass covers both the castle and the underwater museum for foreign visitors. Tickets are purchased on site (online advance booking is not generally required), and staff may ask you to deposit large bags at a check-point.

Best time to visit: Bodrum is hot in summer, so most guides recommend touring the castle in the morning hours, when the light is softer and the fortress is relatively quiet. The castle has many open courtyards and stone terraces that can bake in the midday sun, so setting out at 9–10 a.m. is wise, especially in July–August. Late spring (May–June) and early autumn (September) see pleasant temperatures in the mid-20s°C with fewer crowds. In peak summer be sure to bring sun protection. If weather is cool or rainy (rare in Bodrum), you might choose a half-day, but note that even in rainy weather the exhibits remain accessible.

Accessibility: Visitors with limited mobility should be aware that Bodrum Castle is not fully wheelchair-accessible. Its medieval design – winding ramps, steps and uneven stone floors – makes many areas hard to reach for wheelchairs or strollers. Only parts of the ground floors and some ramps are accessible; many balconies, towers and stairways are not. However, staff have improved access within the main museum halls so that wheelchairs can reach most exhibits. In practice, wheelchair users are advised to explore the castle with assistance and plan on seeing only the accessible parts of the site. Facilities: The castle complex provides basic visitor amenities. A small café is located near the museum entrance, serving drinks and snacks, and there is a gift shop near the exit. Clean restrooms are available at convenient points in the lower courtyard and near the gift shop. (Restroom facilities are modern and include at least one accessible stall.) There is no on-site restaurant, but Bodrum’s marina quarter has many cafés within a few minutes’ walk.

The Storied Past of Bodrum Castle: From Crusaders to Ottomans and Beyond

Before the Castle – Halicarnassus: Long before the Knights arrived, the site of Bodrum was the ancient city of Halicarnassus, capital of Caria. Its most famous monument was the Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Fragments of that great tomb survive (in the British Museum, among others), but the knights famously raided the Mausoleum for building stone. Contemporary accounts describe how the Crusaders “used squared green volcanic stone, marble columns and reliefs from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus” to fortify Bodrum Castle. By cannibalizing Mausoleum blocks (and later deliberately dismantling its remaining sculptures for lime), the castle’s builders nearly erased Mausolus’s tomb in order to secure their fortress. Thus Bodrum Castle literally rose atop the ruins of antiquity, a symbol of new powers supplanting the old.

Arrival of the Knights of St. John: In 1402 the Byzantine Emperor offered Bodrum to the Knights Hospitaller (the Order of St. John of Jerusalem) in exchange for their help. These crusading knights – already based on Rhodes – moved in to fortify this deep-water port. Under Grand Master Philibert de Naillac (d.1421), the Order began construction of a new castle (St. Peter’s) on the Halicarnassus peninsula. It was a multinational effort: each of the Order’s “tongues” (national divisions) supplied labor and money. French knights financed the oldest tower, while German, English, Italian and Spanish knights later funded other towers. By the mid-15th century the core fortress was complete – Gothic vaulted chambers, a chapel (built around 1406), thick curtain walls, cisterns cut into rock, and arrow-slits angled for flanking fire. The knights also emblazoned the walls with painted coats-of-arms; remarkably, 249 crests and heraldic carvings survive into the present day.

Construction of the Castle of St. Peter (1402–1522): The French Tower was likely the first to be raised, followed by a steady program of expansion. (One 19th-century account even describes the French Tower as the castle’s “oldest” element.) Throughout the 15th century, as the Ottoman threat grew, the knights kept adding bastions, strengthening walls, and building new towers in European styles. By the 1480s the English Tower – also known as the Lion Tower – was complete (finished in 1413). Its western face still bears a carved lion relief and, above it, the gilt arms of King Henry IV of England, who had funded part of its construction. Likewise the German Tower (built 1437–1440) features elaborate carvings of St. John the Baptist and other saints, testament to the knights’ faith. The Italian Tower became home to one of the museum’s grandest halls, and the Snake (Spanish) Tower served a unique purpose as a proto-hospital (its interior shows an asp wound around a rod, an ancient healing symbol). By 1522 the castle was essentially finished – indeed, legend has it that virtually every remaining stone of the Mausoleum had been removed to enlarge the castle defenses. The final reinforcing walls were built just in time for the Ottoman challenge.

Life Within the Crusader Fortress: For 120 years the castle was the Knights’ western refuge after Rhodes. It contained barracks, workshops, storerooms and a chapel – in fact the very chapel of St. Peter (once the Knight’s church) was one of the first internal structures completed. Water was supplied by fourteen rainwater cisterns hewn in the bedrock beneath the courtyard. A Turkish bath (hamam) was even installed during the late Knights period (some of it survives today). Amidst the musty stone halls, knights from across Europe kept watch: French, English, German, Italian and Spanish warriors defended this far-flung bulwark, jointly carving their heritage into every tower and gate.

Ottoman Conquest and Transformation: The castle’s crusader era ended with the fall of Rhodes. In 1522 Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent mustered a vast army and navy to seize the Knights’ last strongholds. When Rhodes capitulated in December 1522, St. Peter’s Castle in Bodrum was surrendered by treaty the same year. The Hospitallers evacuated Bodrum by 1523, leaving the fortress to Sultan Suleiman’s forces. Under Ottoman rule the castle was first garrisoned by the military. The original chapel was converted into a mosque (named Süleymaniye Mosque), and a slender minaret was added atop its southern corner. In 1595–96 a hamam was built on the grounds.

For the next few centuries, Bodrum Castle was a quiet military depot. One of its more colorful chapters came in 1482 (pre-siege) when Prince Cem Sultan – son of Mehmed II – sought asylum here in his conflict against his brother Bayezid II. Nevertheless, the castle never fell by force. Over time its strategic role faded. By 1895 the Turkish state repurposed the fortress as a prison. Cells were built in the basements and towers. Yet the ancient walls were already beginning to crumble.

20th Century & the Road to Museum: The advent of modern war took its toll. In World War I a French warship bombarded Bodrum on May 26, 1915, destroying much of the castle’s Ottoman additions: the minaret toppled, towers collapsed, and the fort was largely evacuated. After the war Italian troops occupied the ruins until 1921, when the new Turkish Republic took over. For about forty years the castle lay abandoned, a romantic ruin by the sea. In 1959, under Turkey’s Museum Conservation program, Bodrum Castle was finally scheduled for restoration. Under the leadership of Director Haluk Elbe, the crumbling interior was cleared, and the first underwater archaeology pieces (from sponge divers’ finds) were installed. The facility officially opened as the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology on November 6, 1964. In 1981 it adopted that name formally, becoming a national museum devoted to sunken heritage.

Conservation efforts have continued into the 21st century. Notably, the collapsed minaret (destroyed in 1915) was meticulously rebuilt in its original form in 1997. Archaeologists are still documenting the castle’s own layers of history (and even occasional new finds). In 2016 Turkey proposed Bodrum Castle (together with medieval Rhodes) for UNESCO World Heritage status, citing its outstanding value as a best-preserved crusader fortress. Thus the story of Bodrum Castle – from mausoleum stone to museum masterpiece – remains very much alive.

A Tour of the Towers: Exploring the Defenses of Bodrum Castle

Bodrum Castle’s fortifications are dominated by five great Towers, each with its own story. Together they form a pentagon around the inner ward, commanding every approach. As UNESCO describes, the castle consists of the French, Spanish (Snake), German, Italian and English Towers, named for the knights who sponsored them. We tour them here:

• The French Tower (The Old Tower): This massive tower likely dates to the earliest phase of construction (around 1420). It is the castle’s tallest, overlooking the harbor. The original gate to the fortress lay at its base (now blocked). Little of its interior is furnished as an exhibit today, but one can climb its stone stairs to enjoy sweeping views of Bodrum town and out to sea. (According to one source, the French Tower was probably finished before the others.) Its rustic walls bear the scars of ancient weapons. From the top you see why the Knights prized this location: the silhouette of Bodrum, the busy marina and the Lycian hills beyond are all spread below.
• The English Tower (Lion Tower): Completed in 1413, the English Tower is two stories with a round battlemented roof. It earned the nickname Lion Tower from the heraldic image on its western face. Look closely at the stonework: you will find a sculpted lion’s head above a carved Gothic window. Above the lion sits a mutilated coat-of-arms: it once belonged to King Henry IV of England, who helped fund this tower’s building. Legend says this is the only medieval English king’s insignia carved outside Britain. Inside, the English Tower is narrow and defensible – one of its two doors led via a drawbridge to the castle’s inner courtyard. Today it contains just a few display panels. But step out onto its roof platform and you’ll command a fantastic view across the castle roofscape and the Bodrum strait.
• The Italian Tower (Bell Tower): Located on the eastern side, this stout rectangular tower stands over the chapel-turned-mosque. In the crusader era it held bells, giving it the informal title Bell Tower. Today the Italian Tower houses part of the museum’s collections. Its lower level is the Coin and Jewelry Hall: glass cases of ancient Greek and Roman coins, classical jewelry, and even fragments of colorful textiles and leather shoes that tell stories of Carian daily life. One side of the hall focuses on a curious treasure: the excavated tomb of a Carian princess (c. 360–325 BCE). Here you can see a gold crown and belt among the princess’s burial goods, under glass. (Remarkably, this 4th-century BC princess was buried in Halicarnassus, whose later stones built this very castle.) An upstairs alcove of the Italian Tower is now an amphora exhibit. In all, touring the Italian Tower immerses you in layers of Carian and classical history tucked inside the medieval stone.
• The German Tower: This semi-circular tower (on the northern wall) was built between 1437–1440. Its unusual half-round shape and domed roof make it stand out. On the northern façade are finely-carved reliefs, dating to the 1430s, of St. John the Baptist holding a lamp and the Hospitaller cross. Remarkably, the carvings are still visible after nearly six centuries: a testament to the respect shown to this heritage. The German Tower today is mostly empty of exhibits, but it contains an interesting vaulted chamber with brick-lined cisterns beneath. Ascending its stairs (narrow stone steps) rewards you with another vista of the castle’s interior courtyards and the distant sunset over Bodrum Bay.
• The Spanish Tower (Snake Tower): Originally called the Tower of Spain, this is also known as the Snake Tower. Its ground-floor chamber was used as the castle hospital. On the wall you can still trace the outline of a snake-shaped fountain basin – snakes being medieval symbols of healing. Legend holds that a medical school once functioned here. In the 20th century this tower’s vaulted room became Bodrum’s “Secret Museum” of medical history. Glass cases now display antique surgical tools, bone saws, and early surgical manuals – relics of pre-modern medicine. (Look for an inscription on the tower’s interior wall bearing a coiled snake motif and the Latin motto, “He who enters here is beyond the reach of God” – possibly an apocryphal quip by the Knights.) The Snake Tower also features in our underground tours: a spiral staircase leads down to where once the dungeon lay. This is fitting for a tower long associated with illness and infirmity.
• Walking the Ramparts: Connecting the towers are thick curtain walls, ramparts and bastions that once bristled with catapults and cannons. Today you can stroll along parts of the wall-walk. On a clear day, each step on these stone paths is accompanied by a stunning view. As one source puts it: from the battlements “breathtaking views of Bodrum harbor and the Aegean Sea” unfold before you. Fishermen’s gulets drift in the bright-blue water, the whitewashed town spreads behind, and the canyons of the Bodrum peninsula rise beyond. These ramparts – curved archways, crenellations and slit windows – convey how the castle’s defenders saw the world. Remember that much of this is original Gothic architecture; you are literally walking on stones laid by crusaders. (Take care: some walkways are narrow or high, so move carefully, especially with children.)

Each tower tells a different story, and walking between them gives a sense of the castle’s strategy: every approach was covered by overlapping fields of fire, and every portion of the fortress fell to a different regional sponsorship. Together, the five towers of St. Peter’s castle encapsulate the multinational origin of the structure – and yet they now belong to all of us as a collective heritage.

The Jewel Within: A Deep Dive into the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology

Inside Bodrum Castle is a world-renowned Museum of Underwater Archaeology – a fitting occupant for a sea fortress. This museum, founded in 1964, was Turkey’s first archaeology museum and remains the largest of its kind here. It celebrates the shipwrecks and submerged heritage of the Aegean. Overseeing this museum as of 2025 is a team of experienced maritime archaeologists; its mission is to preserve and interpret thousands of artifacts retrieved from the depths.

Birth of a Museum: The idea for an underwater archaeology museum in Bodrum grew organically from the local sponge-diving community. From the 1950s, Bodrum’s divers had been plucking antique amphoras and anchors from the sea, igniting interest among scholars. In 1962 the Turkish government decided to renovate the castle walls and dedicate it to these finds. The museum opened on November 6, 1964, initially filled with amphoras and everyday shipwreck debris. By 1981 it had been renamed the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology. Its collection grew rapidly: it was one of the world’s first underwater archaeology museums, earning international acclaim under directors Haluk Elbe and Oğuz Alpözen. Today the museum houses some 30,000 individual items from excavations spanning the Bronze Age to the 19th century. As TurkishArchaeologicalNews notes, this museum is now considered “one of the most magnificent in Turkey and a world leader in underwater archaeology”.

What is Underwater Archaeology? In practice, it involves systematic excavation of sunken wrecks and submerged settlements. Bodrum’s museum specializes in maritime finds: amphoras (pots), hull timbers, anchors, cargoes and ornaments from shipwrecks. The climate of mud at the seabed often preserves delicate objects (like glass and wood) that would decay on land. When divers brought up an intact cargo of bronze Age copper and jewelry, or Byzantine glassware, they needed a venue to display it all – hence the museum. Visitors to the museum can think of it as a time machine: each hall immerses you in a different shipwreck or underwater site, telling stories of sailors, merchants and navies from antiquity to the medieval era.

Museum Layout: The castle’s interior is organized into roughly 14 exhibition halls, each devoted to a theme or shipwreck. There is no one mandated route, but a natural clockwise path through the castle begins at the ground level by the entrance. Your first stops may be the Byzantine-era exhibits and bathhouse downstairs, then climbing to the upper courtyard where many wreck-related galleries are grouped by theme. In practice, most visitors spend 2–3 hours to see the highlights. Audio guides (available in multiple languages) will describe the finds in detail, and staff are usually present at key exhibits. Let us tour the major halls:

• Uluburun Shipwreck (14th c. BCE) – Late Bronze Age Treasure: By far the museum’s centerpiece is the cargo of the Uluburun ship – a Late Bronze Age merchant vessel that sank around 1300 BCE off the coast of southwestern Turkey. Discovered in 1982, it took 10 years of painstaking excavation to recover its contents. What was found is staggering: 10 tons of copper ingots and nearly 1 ton of tin blocks, bound for alloying; hundreds of Canaanite amphoras and jugs; ivory elephant tusks; 150 glass ingots; Mycenaean pottery; nearly 100 gold and silver bracelets; and even Egyptian scarab seals including one of Queen Nefertiti. In total over 18,000 artifacts have been catalogued from Uluburun. The museum presents these in a dramatic display of glass shelves. A reconstructed replica of the ship’s hull is installed amid them, showing how these goods were stowed. Interpretive panels explain the origins of the cargo – it was a global shipment carrying materials from Cyprus, Syria, Crete, Egypt and beyond. The Uluburun exhibit has been called “the greatest discovery of the 20th century in underwater archaeology”. It vividly illustrates Bronze Age trade: for example, those 10 tons of Cypriot copper suggest the ship was supplying the Mycenaean world’s demand for metal. This hall alone could occupy an hour of your visit.
• Serçe Limanı Glass Ship (1025 CE) – The Byzantine Glass Wreck: In a hall decorated with blue mosaic glass, the museum recounts a very different wreck. The Serçe Limanı ship sank around 1025 AD in the bay 3 km south of Bodrum. Its cargo was about 3 tons of raw glass cullet from the Levant (intended for Syro-Byzantine workshops). Divers found wooden hull fragments and hundreds of glass pieces, now arranged on glass shelves. These include intact Byzantine-style goblets and bottles. The exhibit conveys the story of an 11th-century glassmaker’s voyage – the ship must have struck a reef or was attacked, spilling its fragile cargo. The Glass Wreck Hall illustrates how prized glass was in medieval times. The space has low lighting and glowing cases; it feels almost like exploring a ship’s submerged cabin.
• Carian Princess Hall – Tomb of a Queen: On the upper level, one tower’s room is devoted to a singular archaeological mystery: the Carian Princess. In 1993, archaeologists uncovered a late Classical-period tomb near Bodrum containing the body of an elite woman clad in gold. Inside the museum you see her gold coronet, spiral belt, earrings and necklace, displayed near a mannequin wearing her clothing (fragments of silk and wool). Though we know almost nothing of her identity, she appears to have been a high priestess or noblewoman from 360–325 BCE. Her jewel-encrusted grave is one of the finest Carian burials known. The hall labels do not call her “a queen” outright (that remains uncertain), but her richness is indisputable. This evocative hall links the museum back to ancient Halicarnassus and the region’s Carian heritage.
• Amphora Hall – Barcodes of the Ancient World: Among the largest collections are the hundreds of amphoras (ceramic jars) lining one gallery. Amphoras were the shipping containers of antiquity – the “barcodes” that tell scholars where cargo came from. Bodrum’s Amphora Hall brings together jars spanning the Late Bronze Age through the Ottoman period. Each amphora on display has been studied for its shape, seal impressions and markings. You can see Hittite and Cypriot jars (c.14th c. BCE), classical Greek amphoras, Roman wine jars, and even medieval Turkish ones. Interpretative charts trace the trade routes they plied. The sheer mass of these pots is striking: one sign notes that by August 2016 the amphora collection was still growing. Visitors with an eye for detail will enjoy identifying the different regional styles.
• Chapel (Süleymaniye Mosque) and Tektaş Ship (7th c. CE): This area occupies what was once the castle’s chapel and later Ottoman mosque. Today the mosque interior is a neutral space (no religious furnishings remain), with its floor partly glassed over. Underfoot is a display of restored tombstones and sarcophagi, found on the site, that illustrate Bodrum’s layered history. Descending from here, one corridor leads to a remarkable find: the Tektaş shipwreck, a Byzantine (East Roman) merchant boat from the 7th century CE, reconstructed on dry land. You can walk under an overhead reconstruction of its hull ribs (officially called the Yassıada ship). Amphoras and ballast stones from this later ship are arranged as if stacked. While not as famous as Uluburun, this exhibit shows the continuity of seafaring into the early medieval era.
• Coin and Jewelry Hall – Wealth and Everyday Life: Adjacent to the Glass Hall is the coin and ornament gallery. Here coin collections of the Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman worlds are displayed alongside everyday gold, silver and bronze jewelry. One purpose of this hall is to illustrate economic context: panels juxtapose coin values with ancient salaries or prices. Highlights include Hellenistic gold jewellery from local excavations, Roman imperial coins, and a spectacular Byzantine gold scyphus (cup) from the Uluburun wreck. Of particular note are several pieces of Carian jewelry placed on 4th-century BC fabric; these gold artifacts (fibulae, earrings, beads) likely came from the same region as the Carian princess. In fact, Halikarnassos (ancient Bodrum) was Caria’s capital. Hence this hall links back to that region’s people as well. It humanizes the wrecks: these were the ornaments worn by the merchants or soldiers on those voyages.
• Turkish Bath Exhibit: A restored marble bath (hamam) is on the ground floor near the entrance. This small hamam was built during the Ottoman period. The museum has installed period bath utensils and explanatory panels here, showing how bathing culture evolved. (It is a change of pace from the other galleries of antiquities.) It also contains a short film on the history of Turkish baths. This is a reminder that Bodrum Castle was not just a fortress; it was also home and garrison for centuries.

Overall, each museum hall is tightly curated, with both the archaeological objects and interpretive graphics. Staff have also incorporated interactive elements (e.g. ship models, videos) to help visualize the finds. The Bodrum Museum is so acclaimed that many overseas scholars visit it as a prime center of nautical archaeology. One local observer comments: “Today, the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology is one of Turkey’s premier museums, offering an unparalleled look at the country’s underwater heritage”. Indeed, its holdings from Uluburun and Serçe Limanı are sometimes used in academic papers and even appear on world “top artifact” lists.

While the museum’s collections are its heart, don’t forget that you can step outside during your visit. In the upper courtyard, shady olive and mulberry trees grow among the battlements. This Mediterranean garden contains plants that would have been familiar to medieval gardeners – pomegranates, rosemary, oleander and more. Peacocks and cats wander amid the stone benches. It’s one of Bodrum Castle’s hidden gems: a quiet spot to reflect on history. (In fact, 19th-century visitors commented on the lush garden, and an early guidebook even mentioned tasting mulberries “exactly like the knights did”.)

Further quirks and experiences await those who explore. The dungeons at the very bottom of Gatineau Tower are open to visitors. Chains, manacles and a wooden gallows remind us of the castle’s darker side (a Latin inscription above the door ironically reads “HIC DEUS ABSENTIUS EST” – “Here God is absent”). For photographers, nearly every corner of the castle is photogenic. Classic shots include the Snake Tower and moat (where morning light slants through the ivy), and the arched corridors with bright gardens beyond. If you’re traveling with children, the museum has something for them too. Youngsters are often fascinated by the animated shipwreck models and glittering treasure. That said, the site does require care: a staff advisory warns that small children must be watched near open water features and high platforms. Families often allocate 2–4 hours for the visit. (One recent visitor guide notes they spent ~2.5 hours at a relaxed pace.)

For an enhanced experience, consider hiring a guide or renting an audio tour (available on-site). Multi-lingual guides can bring stories to life – for instance, recounting the dramatic salvage of the Uluburun ship or the mystery of the Carian princess. In late 2024, the entrance fee actually included an optional audio guide and museum tour. Finally, if you can’t make it to Bodrum in person, the Turkish Ministry of Culture offers an online virtual tour of Bodrum Castle and the museum, complete with 360° panoramas. It’s a rich complement to the real thing, but nothing can fully replace the sense of standing where crusaders once tread.

Bodrum Castle’s Enduring Legacy and Its Place in Modern Bodrum

Bodrum Castle is more than a museum; it is the defining landmark of the city. The castle’s silhouette – soaring towers against sky – has become Bodrum’s logo and pride. Every brochure and travel poster features St. Peter’s fortress, and locals see it as the guardian of their heritage. Its presence anchors Bodrum’s identity as a crossroads of civilizations. You will see references to Bodrum Castle in local cultural celebrations and even town events.

In recent decades, Bodrum Castle has also become an outdoor cultural stage. Concerts and events are staged in the courtyards during summer evenings. For example, an annual “Bodrum Castle Events” music festival (sponsored by the state opera) has featured classical concerts, jazz trios and even flamenco dance performances right under the battlements. Audiences bring blankets or chairs to watch sopranos and tenors serenade the Aegean night – a surreal juxtaposition of medieval stone and modern culture. These events signal how the castle continues to live as a public space, not just an inert relic.

On the heritage front, Bodrum Castle is today the sole representative of the Crusader period in Anatolia on UNESCO’s tentative World Heritage List (submitted in 2016). The application emphasizes that the castle exemplifies the last stand of Latin Christendom east of the Mediterranean. If it achieves full UNESCO status, further conservation funding and international attention will likely follow. Ongoing restoration projects already stabilize vulnerable masonry and restore fresco fragments in the chapel.

Looking forward, Bodrum Castle is adapting to the 21st century while preserving its soul. The museum is incorporating digital displays and interactive maps. Tourists can download apps to virtually reconstruct sections of the castle as it was in 1420. Meanwhile, routine conservation of the stone and shields ensures it will endure another century. Crucially, Bodrum Castle remains free for researchers: last year an international team even discovered a submerged Byzantine ship fragment near its walls.

In short, Bodrum Castle has evolved from a Crusader bastion to an emblem of Turkish heritage. It now symbolically bridges history to the present – not through exaggeration or salesmanship, but by quietly reminding us of Bodrum’s layers: from Mausolus’s era through Ottoman times to today’s cultural tourism. Visitors often remark on the castle’s quiet authority: it neither begs for attention nor embellishes its story. Instead, every flag, coat-of-arms and artifact speaks for itself. In that subtle dialogue between stone and sea, Bodrum Castle continues to inform and inspire, just as it has for centuries.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Bodrum Castle

What is the story of Bodrum Castle? Bodrum Castle began as a project of the Knights of St. John in the early 15th century. Built on the remains of ancient Halicarnassus, it served as the Order’s Anatolian stronghold for about 120 years. In 1522 it fell peacefully to Sultan Suleiman and became an Ottoman garrison. Over time it was used as a prison and later left in ruins. In the 1960s the Turkish government restored it and converted it into the Underwater Archaeology Museum. Today it stands as a well-preserved medieval fortress and museum, telling Bodrum’s layered history.

Is it worth visiting Bodrum Castle? Absolutely. Almost every visitor guide and authority regards Bodrum Castle as Bodrum’s must-see attraction. It is unique in Turkey and even worldwide for its combined medieval architecture and maritime archaeology. The castle’s walls and towers themselves are exceptionally intact, and inside is one of the richest archaeological collections on the Aegean sea. Travelers consistently note that a tour here feels like two experiences in one: exploring a real crusader fortress and touring a world-class shipwreck museum. (For example, UNESCO highlights that it now “houses some of the world’s foremost underwater archaeology collections”.) Unless you have very little time, most people agree it is well worth the entry fee to spend a couple of hours here.

How much is the entrance fee to Bodrum Castle in 2025? Admission fees can change, but as of late 2024 it was reported at around €20–25. One recent source (October 2024) quoted €23, which included the audio guide and access to the underwater museum. By 2025 it’s a good idea to budget in that range. (Tickets with concessions are available for students, seniors and children, often about half the adult rate.) If you hold a Turkish Museum Pass (such as the Museum Pass Aegean), entry is free. Remember the ticket is for the combined castle-and-museum complex – there is no separate fee for “just” the castle or the museum. Always verify current prices on the museum’s official site or box office before your trip.

How long does it take to visit Bodrum Castle? Plan on about 2–4 hours to see Bodrum Castle and its museums comfortably. Many visitors spend roughly 2–3 hours; one recent travel account reports spending about 2½ hours at a leisurely pace. This allows time to explore the main towers, wander the ramparts, and walk through the key museum halls (Uluburun, Glass Wreck, etc.). If you want to linger – for example, reading every label or taking many photos – or attend a special exhibition, you could stay closer to 4 hours. In any case, it is not typically a half-hour stop; the site’s density of exhibits makes it effectively a half-day activity.

What is inside Bodrum Castle? Inside the castle you will find both the architectural features of the fortress and its Museum of Underwater Archaeology exhibits. Architecturally, you can visit the ramparts, castles’ inner courtyards, the old Knights’ chapel (now a mosque under glass), the medieval Turkish bath, various rooms and battlements, and the five large towers described above. Artifacts and displays fill many of the rooms. Key museum exhibits include:

• The Uluburun Bronze Age Ship hall (Late Bronze Age, ca. 1300 BCE).
• The Serçe Limanı Glass Wreck hall (Byzantine era, 1025 CE).
• The Coin & Jewelry Hall, showing ancient coins, trade goods, and Carian period ornaments.
• The Carian Princess burial exhibit (a 4th c. BCE noblewoman).
• The Amphora Gallery, a large collection of ancient shipping jars.
• The Turkish Bath and other contextual displays.
  In short, you see medieval fortress spaces alongside thousands of underwater finds. (Nearly every corridor has display cases with artifacts.) The audio guide or signage explains each section in detail.

Who built the castle in Bodrum? The castle was constructed by the Knights of St. John, also known as the Hospitallers. These crusader knights ruled Rhodes in the 15th century. Their Grand Master Philibert de Naillac and his successors led the project. Craftsmen from Europe and local labor worked on it for over a century. Each European nation in the Order paid for a tower – hence the French, English, German, Italian and Spanish appellations. In Turkish it’s often simply called “Bodrum Kalesi” or “St. Peter Castle” (after the chapel’s namesake).

What was Bodrum Castle used for? Originally it was a military fortress to protect the Crusaders’ domain in Anatolia. It guarded Bodrum’s safe harbor and served as a refuge for Christian sailors and pilgrims in the region. After the Ottoman conquest in 1522, it became an Ottoman garrison. In the late 19th century it was turned into a prison. Following WWI and decades of abandonment, today its sole function is cultural: it is a museum and historical site. But its original role was unmistakably martial – the stone walls, arrow-slits and embrasures all speak of its defensive purpose.

Can you go inside Bodrum Castle? Yes – the site is fully open to visitors. You may walk through the castle grounds, enter all the museum exhibition rooms, and climb many of the staircases (except any tower that is closed for safety). The castle is a self-guided museum: once inside, you are free to wander. (Audio guides are available if you wish narration.) Of course, treat the site respectfully: some fragile artifacts or frescoes are roped off. Unlike some archaeological sites, Bodrum Castle was restored for tourism decades ago, so the interiors feel museum-like, not ruinous. There are plaques and information signs at most points of interest.

Are there any special exhibitions planned for 2025? The castle’s museology team occasionally rotates artifacts or hosts themes (e.g., an exhibit on Ottoman diving suits or on local coinage). However, the core halls (Uluburun, Glass Wreck, etc.) are permanent. The castle’s own programming focuses on cultural events: each summer a “Bodrum Castle” music and arts festival is held in the courtyards (usually in July–August). Performances might include classical concerts, jazz, and dance. If you plan to attend a special concert or exhibition, check the official Bodrum culture site or local news. As a visitor, the “default” experience is the castle and museum itself, which changes little except for occasional loans of new underwater finds.

What should I wear when visiting Bodrum Castle? The terrain is mostly stone: uneven floors, ramps and many stairs. Comfortable walking shoes are a must. Sandals are not ideal; sneakers or sturdy sandals are better. The castle has both indoor halls (which can be cool and dim) and sunny courtyards. In summer, you should wear a sunhat and apply sunscreen – there is limited shade in some areas. (The museum advises visitors to bring water bottles and stay hydrated.) Dress is otherwise casual. If visiting in cooler months, layers are fine (the interior galleries can feel chilly). Note that if you have plans to attend the summer evening concerts, many attendees dress a bit more up (smart-casual), but there is no strict dress code for general visiting.

Can I bring food and drink into the castle? Bodrum Castle is a protected historical site, so there are rules on bringing food. Food and open drinks are generally not allowed inside the castle or the museum halls. You may carry a small bottle of water to stay hydrated, but large meals or snacks should be consumed before entering. (There is a café by the entrance/exit for drinks and light snacks.) In short, eat beforehand or after your tour. This policy helps keep the exhibits clean and the artifacts safe.

Is photography allowed inside the museum exhibits? Yes, personal photography is generally permitted in most parts of Bodrum Castle and the Underwater Museum. Flash photography is not allowed, however, because intense light can damage ancient objects. So turn off flash and be mindful of reflections on glass cases. Video recording is usually fine for personal use, as long as it is discreet (tripods or professional equipment would require prior permission). You will often see visitors taking snapshots of artifacts or the harbor view. Just check for any small signs – on rare occasions a delicate object may have a “no photography” notice.

Are there restaurants or cafes inside Bodrum Castle? The castle itself does not have a full restaurant, but there is a café near the gift shop on the lower level. It serves coffee, soft drinks and simple snacks (sandwiches or pastries). There are also rest areas with benches outside. For a meal or full dining, you should leave the castle grounds – numerous cafés and restaurants are located in Bodrum’s marina area just downhill. In practice, visitors often schedule castle visits around lunch or dinner in town.

Is Bodrum Castle accessible for people with disabilities? As mentioned, the castle’s historical structure limits accessibility. However, service staff are helpful. Wheelchair ramps exist at the entrance and several lower rooms; elevators are not available. The museum halls on the ground floor and some ramps are wheelchair-friendly. Visitors with mobility issues should plan to see only part of the castle – typically the ground and first floors. The museum recommends that a disabled visitor be accompanied by an assistant, since the terrain is challenging.

What happened to Bodrum Castle after the Ottomans? After centuries as a garrison, the Ottomans lost interest in Bodrum Castle. It became a prison (1895–1922), and then stood empty after WWI. In mid-20th century the Turkish government restored it for tourism. The underwater museum opened in 1964, transforming the castle into a cultural site. Since then it has been maintained as an archaeological and historical museum. No military use has taken place here since the 1920s.

Can you walk all around the castle walls? Visitors can walk most of the castle’s interior halls and courtyards, including the ramparts between towers. However, some areas (like high battlements or deteriorated outer walls) are fenced off for safety. The main tour route loops through the accessible sections. So yes, you can “go inside” and explore at will, but stay within the marked visitor paths.

What is the best time of day to visit Bodrum Castle? Morning is generally best to avoid the heat and crowds. If possible, try to arrive at opening time (8:30 AM in summer) – you’ll have cooler weather and better lighting for photographs. Late afternoon (a couple of hours before closing) is also good because the sunlight slants and the fortress is quieter. Midday in July–August is very hot and busy, which can be tiring. Always check the sunset time – arriving after 4 PM in winter means less time to see everything before closure.

Is photography allowed on the ramparts? Yes, you may freely photograph the views and architecture. The only restriction is inside the museum displays (flash off). The panoramas from the towers are particularly popular photo spots, as is the Snake Tower moat area. In fact, many visitors rave about capturing the castle’s silhouette against the sea or sun.

Can I buy tickets for Bodrum Castle online? As of 2025, there is no widely-publicized official online ticketing for Bodrum Castle. Most travelers simply buy tickets at the entrance. Because Bodrum Castle is so popular, lines can form on busy days, but they move briskly. If you have a Turkish Museum Pass, you pay only once to pick it up at any participating museum (no separate Bodrum reservation needed). If online booking becomes available, it would likely be announced on the museum’s or Ministry of Culture’s website.

Are there guided tours available at Bodrum Castle? Yes, local tour companies in Bodrum often offer guided tours of the castle. Independent guides can accompany you through the site (some must be licensed guides). Tours can last 2–3 hours and include in-depth history. Many cruise ship visitors and short-stay tourists opt for a guided option to maximize their visit. If you prefer audio, the on-site audio guide (spoken recordings) is available in several languages and does a good job of explaining each exhibit and ruin.

Is Bodrum Castle worth visiting with kids? The castle can be a very engaging experience for children, especially those curious about history or treasure. They may enjoy climbing the towers, peering at skulls in the dungeon, and exploring the pirate-ish atmosphere of a fortress. The museums inside have plenty of display cases which intrigue kids (especially the shiny jewelry and amphoras). There is also space to run around in the courtyards. On the other hand, parents should be vigilant: the old moat is deep, and some viewing platforms have only waist-high railings. Families should keep young children close. (One practical tip: the official museum signage cautions that glass floors and open areas must be supervised.) Still, many families report that children find the winding staircases and artifacts fun to discover. For educational value and adventure, Bodrum Castle can be very rewarding to visit as a family.

Are there any ramps or elevators? The site has wheelchair ramps at the main entrance and to the shop, but no elevators. Most of the museum galleries on the ground floor are on one level and can be reached with help. The upper courtyards and towers, however, require stairs. So while there are some ramps, they do not lead to the high viewpoints. The best approach is to take the wheelchair to accessible exhibit halls and enjoy those.

Will I need an audio guide? No, an audio guide is optional. It was once included in the ticket price and covers major halls (Uluburun, Glass Wreck, etc.). The guide is very informative (and free if bundled), but visitors comfortable reading English descriptions may manage without it. Guided tours (human guides) are available for those who prefer live narration.

How far is the castle from Bodrum town? It is essentially in town. Bodrum Castle stands next to Bodrum’s marina district. If you are in central Bodrum (the old town or Kumbahçe area), it is a 10–15 minute walk from most hotels. Taxis or dolmuş minibuses will drop you almost at its gate. The key point is that the castle is not out of town: it is physically adjacent to the harbor side of downtown Bodrum.

Is there parking at Bodrum Castle? Yes, there is a paid parking lot right outside the castle gates (off Halikarnassos Cd.). The lot can fill up at peak times, but attendants manage entry. Alternatively you can park a few blocks away in municipal lots and walk. Because Bodrum city center is narrow, many car visitors prefer to park at designated lots and stroll 5–10 minutes.

What should I know about security? Security is routine. Everyone enters through a metal detector scanner. Bags are x-rayed. Try to travel light (large suitcases are not permitted and no luggage storage is provided). Always carry your ID. There are no guards telling you to behave like a museum; it is relatively informal, but historical artifacts are off-limits. Photography is allowed (without flash) as noted above. In summary, standard museum/site rules apply: look, don’t touch, and stay on walkways.