Paramaribo, ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan nehrin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan y\u00fckselir, ekvatoral ye\u015filli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-kahverengi kereste ve ta\u015ftan olu\u015fan bir alan. Surinam sakinlerinin neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yor, bu rakam 2012'deki son resmi say\u0131mda 241.000'e yakla\u015f\u0131yordu. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci cephelerin dar sokaklara yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ah\u015fap panjurlarda havuzlar olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u015fehrin i\u00e7 \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, 2002'de D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Alan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgede, Avrupa ve yerel yap\u0131 gelenekleri i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7iyor, her yap\u0131 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u00f6neticilerin izlerini ve nemli bir iklimin pratik taleplerini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Paramaribo ismi yerli bir adland\u0131rmadan t\u00fcremi\u015ftir\u2014ama s\u00f6m\u00fcrge dillerinden s\u00fcz\u00fclen bir isim. Erken Hollanda kay\u0131tlar\u0131 bunu nehrin a\u011fz\u0131ndaki yerli yerle\u015fime atfedilen bir terim olan Parmurbo olarak aktar\u0131r. Dilbilimciler bile\u015fenleri Tupi\u2013Guarani k\u00f6klerine ba\u011flar: para \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck nehir\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir ve maribo ise nehir sakinlerini belirtir. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1613'te Nicolaes Baliestel ve Dirck Claeszoon van Sanen'in nehrin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na bir ticaret merkezi in\u015fa etmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Frans\u0131z ve \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccarlar takip eden on y\u0131llarda burada tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, ancak her giri\u015fim y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131na gelmeden \u00f6nce ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n
1650'de Barbados valisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen bir grup \u0130ngiliz himayesinde Surinam'\u0131 kurdu. Modern merkezin g\u00fcneyine bir kasaba kurdular ve Fort Willoughby olarak bilinen savunma yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa ettiler. 1662'de Kral II. Charles yerle\u015fimi ve biti\u015fik hinterland\u0131 yetkilisi Francis Willoughby'ye verdi. Koloninin kaderi, Abraham Crijnssen komutas\u0131ndaki bir Hollanda filosunun 1667'de kasabay\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle \u0130kinci \u0130ngiliz-Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda tekrar de\u011fi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l imzalanan Breda Antla\u015fmas\u0131 Hollanda egemenli\u011fini teyit etti. Fort Willoughby, Crijnssen'in seferini finanse eden eyaletin onuruna Fort Zeelandia ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Haritac\u0131lar yerle\u015fimi New Middelburg olarak etiketlese de yerel kullan\u0131m Paramaribo lehine kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde devam etti.<\/p>\n
\u015eehrin n\u00fcfusu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterdi. Erken d\u00f6nem \u0130ngiliz var\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, torunlar\u0131 Amerika'daki en eski sinagoglardan biri olan Neveh Shalom'u kuran bir dizi Yahudi ailesi de vard\u0131. Sinagogun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, deniz ticaretini dini uygulamalarla dengeleyen bir toplulu\u011fun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. 1863'te \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan, serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7iler 1873'te plantasyon arazilerinden ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde ettiler. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu, ekonomik f\u0131rsatlar ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen mahallelerindeki bir miktar anonimlik nedeniyle Paramaribo'ya y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n
Paramaribo, Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi ve 1975'teki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca idari \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korudu. Yang\u0131nlar ba\u015fkentin fiziksel karakterini \u015fekillendirdi: Ocak 1821'deki bir yang\u0131n d\u00f6rt y\u00fczden fazla yap\u0131y\u0131 yok etti; Eyl\u00fcl 1832'deki bir ba\u015fka yang\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k elli binay\u0131 yok etti. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge mahkemeleri \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f adam\u0131 -Kodjo, Mentor ve Present- 1832 yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmaktan su\u00e7lu buldu; her biri yak\u0131larak idam edildi. Bu olaylar tu\u011fla ve s\u0131va ile yeniden in\u015fay\u0131 te\u015fvik etti, ancak ah\u015fap bir\u00e7ok konut binas\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih edilen malzeme olmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n
Kentsel y\u00f6netim, yetkililerin Paramaribo'yu on iki tesise veya yarg\u0131 alan\u0131na b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1987'de uyarland\u0131. Bu \u015fema hem n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hem de altyap\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim konular\u0131n\u0131 ele alabilecek yerel y\u00f6netim yap\u0131lar\u0131na olan ihtiyac\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu. Yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6nce, May\u0131s 1972'de \u015fehir, zooloji park\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Paramaribo Hayvanat Bah\u00e7esi, sakinleri ve ziyaret\u00e7ileri Surinam'\u0131n ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131ndan t\u00fcrlerle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve uzun nehir yolculuklar\u0131 yapmadan kayman, maymun ve muhabbet ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in kontroll\u00fc bir ortam sundu.<\/p>\n
Fiziksel co\u011frafya \u015fehir hayat\u0131na istikrarl\u0131 bir ritim y\u00fckler. Paramaribo, Atlantik'ten yakla\u015f\u0131k on be\u015f kilometre i\u00e7eride, nehrin bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Etraf\u0131ndaki ova, suyun kenar\u0131na yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131ran yo\u011fun bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle al\u00e7ak ve d\u00fcz kal\u0131r. \u0130klimsel olarak, konum, tutarl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015fla i\u015faretlenen K\u00f6ppen Af kategorisine girer. Ticaret r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 ve ara s\u0131ra f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n etkiledi\u011fi Karayip adalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, Surinam'\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Intertropikal Yak\u0131nsama B\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. \u015eehir her ay en az altm\u0131\u015f milimetre ya\u011f\u0131\u015f kaydeder; y\u0131ll\u0131k toplamlar ortalama 2.135 milimetredir. Ya\u011fmur Nisan'dan Temmuz'a kadar zirve yaparken, Eyl\u00fcl'den Kas\u0131m'a kadar biraz daha az sa\u011fanak ya\u011f\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar otuz santigrat derece civar\u0131nda k\u00fcmelenir; en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar nadiren yirmi d\u00f6rt derecenin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
Demografik yap\u0131 Paramaribo'nun \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc karakterini vurgular. Afrika veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k Afrika-Avrupa k\u00f6kenli Kreoller, sakinlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde yirmi yedisini olu\u015fturur. Do\u011fu Hintliler y\u00fczde yirmi \u00fc\u00e7; k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olan Maroonlar yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde on alt\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok \u0131rkl\u0131 bireyler y\u00fczde on sekizi olu\u015ftururken, Cava'l\u0131lar y\u00fczde onu olu\u015fturur. Yerli bireyler y\u00fczde ikisini olu\u015fturur; \u00c7inli, L\u00fcbnanl\u0131, Portekizli ve Avrupal\u0131 \u200b\u200btopluluklar mozai\u011fi tamamlar. Son y\u0131llarda, Brezilyal\u0131 ve Guyanal\u0131 vatanda\u015flar, yeni \u00c7inli giri\u015fimcilerle birlikte kentsel dokuya daha fazla katman eklediler.<\/p>\n
\u015eehir, Surinam ekonomisinin demirba\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Alt\u0131n, petrol, boksit, pirin\u00e7 ve tropikal keresteden elde etti\u011fi gelirleri, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde merkezlenen bankac\u0131l\u0131k, sigorta ve ticaret \u015firketleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6nlendirir. Paramaribo'nun kendisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00fcretim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretse de, buradaki kurumlar ihracat gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir. Ulusal gayri safi yurti\u00e7i has\u0131lan\u0131n tahmini y\u00fczde yetmi\u015f be\u015fi ba\u015fkentte bulunan tesislerden ge\u00e7er. Dar sokaklar\u0131 ve orta y\u00fckseklikteki ofisleriyle finans b\u00f6lgesi, hem yerli i\u015fletmeler hem de yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in merkez g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Turizm ivme kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Hollanda'dan gelen ziyaret\u00e7iler Johan Adolf Pengel Uluslararas\u0131 Havaalan\u0131'na hava yoluyla seyahat ederken, i\u00e7 hat u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 \u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Zorg en Hoop sahas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k altyap\u0131s\u0131, Paramaribo'yu do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Meerzorg'a ba\u011flayan kablo destekli bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olan Jules Wijdenbosch K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc'n\u00fc i\u00e7erir. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f, kuzey Surinam boyunca uzanan ana yol olan Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131'n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Deniz y\u00fckleri, konteyner gemileri ve d\u00f6kme y\u00fckleri idare edebilecek \u015fekilde donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Jules Sedney Liman\u0131'ndan ge\u00e7er. Eski ticari r\u0131ht\u0131m olan Waterkant, art\u0131k yolcular\u0131 ve turistleri nehir k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan yolcu feribotlar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gum Air ve Blue Wing Airlines gibi havayollar\u0131n\u0131n merkez ofisleri Zorg en Hoop Havaalan\u0131'nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu operat\u00f6rler, alt\u0131n madenlerini, maden kamplar\u0131n\u0131 ve yerli yerle\u015fim yerlerini ba\u015fkentin olanaklar\u0131na ba\u011flayarak uzak i\u00e7 kesimlere hizmet vermektedir. A\u011f, kara ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 desteklemekte ve Paramaribo'nun hem kalk\u0131\u015f hem de var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak rol\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ah\u015fap kapl\u0131 semtleri ve geni\u015f caddeleriyle Paramaribo, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d\u00f6nemin izlerini koruyor. Arnavut kald\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 asfalta biti\u015fik; a\u015f\u0131 boyas\u0131 veya ye\u015fil boyal\u0131 kepenkler kur\u015funlu cam \u00e7er\u00e7eveli. Pazar sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7uvallar\u0131 manyok ve biberle doldururken, t\u00fcccarlar bir zamanlar s\u00f6m\u00fcrge t\u00fcccarlar\u0131na bar\u0131nak sa\u011flayan ayn\u0131 g\u00f6lgelik alt\u0131nda alt\u0131n tozu paketlerini tart\u0131yor. \u015eehrin sokaklar\u0131 Sranan Tongo, Felemenk\u00e7e, Hint\u00e7e ve Cava dillerinin bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla u\u011fulduyor; her dil yerle\u015fimin farkl\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Paramaribo, hem zorluklar\u0131 hem de uyumu kaydeden ah\u015fap duvarlar\u0131 ve nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki teraslar\u0131yla ya\u015fayan bir ar\u015fiv olmaya devam ediyor. Bu yer s\u00fcreklili\u011finde, ba\u015fkent m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir ticaret merkezinin fetih, ticaret ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin bir araya gelmesiyle nas\u0131l metropol bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Paramaribo, the capital and biggest city of Suriname, sits along the Suriname River. It’s an amazing mix of history, cultures, and unspoiled beauty. Paramaribo forms the hub of the politics, business, and culture of this little South American nation. Because of centuries of colonization and immigration from all around the world, it provides visitors with a unique view into a society quite unlike others. Paramaribo’s busy markets, Dutch colonial architecture, and mild tropical temperature make it a delightful destination. It’s also the portal to Suriname’s verdant interior rainforests.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4567,"parent":7304,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7317","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7317"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7317\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}