Surinam, G\u00fcney Amerika'n\u0131n kuzey k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca dar bir \u015feritte yer al\u0131r ve kuzeyde Atlas Okyanusu, do\u011fuda Frans\u0131z Guyanas\u0131, bat\u0131da Guyana ve g\u00fcneyde Brezilya ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. 163.820 kilometrekarelik alan\u0131 neredeyse tamamen ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131yla kapl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu, herhangi bir ulusun en b\u00fcy\u00fck orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc oran\u0131d\u0131r. Kilometrekareye yedi ki\u015fiden az ki\u015fi g\u00fcney i\u00e7 kesimlerinde ya\u015far; n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 ovalar\u0131nda k\u00fcmelenir. K\u0131y\u0131dan yakla\u015f\u0131k on kilometre i\u00e7eride Surinam Nehri \u00fczerinde bulunan Paramaribo, \u00fclkenin 625.000 sakininin neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1\u00b0 ile 6\u00b0 K enlemleri ve 54\u00b0 ile 58\u00b0 B boylamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzanan Surinam, iki ana co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Kuzeydeki on ila yirmi kilometrelik k\u0131s\u0131m, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminden beri pirin\u00e7, muz ve di\u011fer ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yeti\u015ftirilmesine izin vermek i\u00e7in set \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131y\u0131 polderlerinden olu\u015fur. \u00dc\u00e7 ana nehir a\u011fz\u0131 - Coppename, Commewijne ve Saramacca - denize ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce gelgit mangrov batakl\u0131klar\u0131na bo\u015fal\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 kesimlerde, Brezilya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki geni\u015f sulak alanlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen savanlara ve y\u00fcksek \u00e7ay\u0131rlara do\u011fru kademeli bir y\u00fckseli\u015f vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Guyana Kalkan\u0131 iki al\u00e7ak da\u011f zincirine yol a\u00e7ar: bat\u0131da Bakhuys ve ortada Van Asch Van Wijck s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131. Deniz seviyesinden 1.286 metre y\u00fckseklikteki Julianatop, Surinam'\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgedeki insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Arawak ve Karayip topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n nehir ve orman ya\u015fam\u0131na uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc biny\u0131la kadar uzan\u0131r. Avrupal\u0131larla temas on alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1600'lerin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Hollandal\u0131lar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda kontrol sahibi oldular. Koloniyi, 1863'teki \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmeye kadar k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f Afrikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bir \u015feker plantasyonu ekonomisi olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. K\u00f6le eme\u011finin azalmas\u0131, Britanya Hindistan\u0131 ve Hollanda Do\u011fu Hint Adalar\u0131'ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etti; onlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn etnik olarak \u00e7o\u011fulcu toplumunda Afrika, Yerli, \u00c7in ve Cava k\u00f6kenli olanlara kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Hi\u00e7bir grup tek ba\u015f\u0131na n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde otuzunu ge\u00e7miyor. Hindu ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman taraftarlar\u0131n oranlar\u0131 Amerika'daki en y\u00fcksek oranlar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Hollanda otoritesi yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda evrimle\u015fti. 1954'te Surinam, Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6zerk bir \u00fclke stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131; 25 Kas\u0131m 1975'te tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k geldi. Hollanda ile diplomatik ve ekonomik ba\u011flant\u0131lar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kalmaya devam ediyor. Felemenk\u00e7e, h\u00fck\u00fcmette, ticarette, medyada ve e\u011fitimde kullan\u0131lan tek resmi dil olarak hizmet veriyor. \u0130ngilizce k\u00f6kenli bir kreol olan Sranan Tongo, bir lingua franca i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Sakinlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde altm\u0131\u015f\u0131 ana dili olarak Felemenk\u00e7e konu\u015fuyor; di\u011ferlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu bunu okul yoluyla ediniyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130dari olarak cumhuriyet, her biri ba\u015fkanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan atanan bir komisyonerin y\u00f6netiminde olan on b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgeler, s\u0131ras\u0131yla k\u00f6yleri, kasabalar\u0131 ve mahalleleri i\u00e7eren 62 tesise (ressorten) ayr\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcnme hem s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi plantasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 hem de Yerli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Surinam'\u0131n iklimi y\u0131l boyunca s\u0131cak ve nemli olarak kaydedilir, ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar 29 ila 34 \u00b0C aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve ba\u011f\u0131l nem ila 'd\u0131r. \u0130ki ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 mevsim\u2014Nisan-A\u011fustos ve Kas\u0131m-\u015eubat\u2014iki k\u0131sa kurak d\u00f6nemle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek nem, alg\u0131lanan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 6 \u00b0C'ye kadar art\u0131r\u0131r. Ekvator g\u00fcne\u015fi ve s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen f\u0131rt\u0131nalar, yemye\u015fil bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve bol su yollar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir manzara olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet alt\u0131 karasal ekob\u00f6lgeye sahiptir. K\u0131y\u0131 mangrovlar\u0131 Paramaribo yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki batakl\u0131k ormanlar\u0131na yol verir. \u0130\u00e7 kesimlerde nemli orman Guyana Yaylalar\u0131'n\u0131 ve ova d\u00fczl\u00fcklerini \u00f6rter. Savan yerle\u015fimleri g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 boyunca belirir ve izole kumta\u015f\u0131 tepuileri kanopiyi deler. Hem bilim insanlar\u0131 hem de korumac\u0131lar i\u00e7in kutsal olan bu ormanlar, k\u00fcresel olarak be\u015finci en y\u00fcksek olan 10 \u00fczerinden 9,39'luk bir Orman Manzaras\u0131 B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi puan\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Arazinin y\u00fczde yirmi yedisi resmen korunan rezervler i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Sadece Orta Surinam Do\u011fa Rezervi, birka\u00e7 Avrupa \u00fclkesinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alan olan 16.000 kilometrekarelik bir alan\u0131 kaplar.<\/p>\n
Ekonomi, tar\u0131mla desteklenen mineral ihracat\u0131na (boksit, alt\u0131n ve petrol) ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Boksit madencili\u011fi, Surinam'\u0131 yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir al\u00fcminyum cevheri kayna\u011f\u0131 haline getirirken, alt\u0131n imtiyazlar\u0131 i\u00e7 nehirlere odaklan\u0131r. Pirin\u00e7, muz ve karides, tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ekonomik faaliyet, liman tesislerinin ve i\u015fleme tesislerinin hem yerel hem de uluslararas\u0131 ticarete hizmet etti\u011fi Paramaribo'da yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ula\u015f\u0131m altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclkenin zorlu arazisini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Toplam yol uzunlu\u011fu 4.303 kilometredir ve bunun 1.119 kilometresi asfaltt\u0131r. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanan Jules Wijdenbosch K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, ba\u015fkenti Commewijne b\u00f6lgesiyle ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in Paramaribo yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Surinam Nehri'nin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7er, feribot ge\u00e7i\u015finin yerini al\u0131r ve metropol\u00fcn do\u011fusunda geli\u015fmeyi te\u015fvik eder. Trafik, on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki \u0130ngiliz i\u015fgali ve Hollanda uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olan soldan direksiyonlu s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fe uygundur. Ara\u00e7 stoklar\u0131nda hem soldan hem de sa\u011fdan direksiyonlu modeller bulunur. Havac\u0131l\u0131k, alt\u0131s\u0131 asfalt pistlere sahip 55 havaalan\u0131na g\u00fcvenir. Johan Adolf Pengel Uluslararas\u0131 Havaalan\u0131 uzun mesafeli jetleri ve \u00e7o\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 var\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n
\u015eehir hayat\u0131 dar k\u0131y\u0131 ovas\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 alan\u0131 olan Paramaribo'nun tarihi merkezi, ah\u015fap s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir \u015febeke sunar; verandalar\u0131 ve kepenkli pencereleri olan neoklasik cepheler. Burada, 1883'te eski bir tiyatronun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanan Sts. Peter ve Paul Katedrali, Avrupa'daki ta\u015f muadilleriyle rekabet edecek \u015fekilde y\u00fckselir. Yak\u0131nlarda ortak bir yak\u0131nl\u0131kta bir cami ve sinagog bulunur; cemaatleri dini t\u00f6renler \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortak park tesisleri ayarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Wanica b\u00f6lgesinde, 2001'de a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan Arya Diwaker tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, fig\u00fcratif ikonlar yerine Arya Samaj ilkelerini yans\u0131tan Vedik metinlerin yaz\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u0131rsal ve i\u00e7 mekan cazibe merkezleri Amazon ekosisteminden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Brownsberg Do\u011fa Park\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck hidroelektrik barajlar\u0131ndan birinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Brokopondo Rezervuar\u0131'na bakmaktad\u0131r. Rezervuarda bulunan Tonka Adas\u0131, ziyaret\u00e7iler i\u00e7in elle boyanm\u0131\u015f kabak kaseleri ve dekoratif ah\u015fap i\u015fleri de \u00fcreten Saramaccaner Maroon topluluklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir eko-turizm projesine ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Coppename Nehri'nin u\u00e7urumlar\u0131 ve ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda merkezlenen Raleighvallen Rezervi, ku\u015f g\u00f6zlemcili\u011fi f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r; Blanche Marie ve Wonotobo \u015eelaleleri di\u011fer nehir yollar\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Orman evleri ve Amerikan yerli k\u00f6yleri, koruma y\u00f6nergelerine uyarken k\u00fclt\u00fcrel al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe izin verir.<\/p>\n
Surinam'\u0131n yol g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sicili, sakin k\u0131y\u0131 kasabalar\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fiyor; Paramaribo'da su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131 artt\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 soygunlar giderek artan s\u0131kl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahat riskini Seviye 1 olarak de\u011ferlendiriyor: normal \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Demografik e\u011filimler, 2012 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda 541.638'den bu yana istikrarl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6steriyor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler tahminlerine g\u00f6re 2022'de n\u00fcfus 624.900'e yak\u0131n. Kentle\u015fme k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca devam ediyor; sakinlerin neredeyse y\u00fczde doksan\u0131 Paramaribo'da veya biti\u015fik yerle\u015fim yerlerinde ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Diplomatik ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar aras\u0131nda Karayip Toplulu\u011fu (CARICOM), \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Amerikan Devletleri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00fcyeli\u011fi yer al\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flar Surinam'\u0131n m\u00fctevaz\u0131 boyutunun \u00f6tesine uzanarak b\u00f6lgesel ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fimlere kat\u0131l\u0131ma olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k n\u00fcfusuna ra\u011fmen, Surinam'\u0131n bol do\u011fal zenginli\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi katmanl\u0131 bir ulusal anlat\u0131 olu\u015fturur. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge plantasyonlar\u0131ndan ve g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 rezervlerine ve modern altyap\u0131ya kadar, cumhuriyet kal\u0131c\u0131 z\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n bir manzaras\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor. Yo\u011fun ormanlar\u0131 ve yava\u015f nehirleri, atalar\u0131ndan kalma Amerikan yerlisi ya\u015fam\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel ticaretin, tropikal iklimin ve tasarlanm\u0131\u015f polderin, \u00e7ok etnikli toplumun ve tekil devletli\u011fin etkile\u015fimine tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyor. Surinam, G\u00fcney Amerika'n\u0131n kuzey k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca ekolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve insan karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir deposu olarak hem uzak hem de ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 duruyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Suriname, a little nation on the northeastern coast of South America, offers a unique mix of cultures, unspoiled environment, and welcoming hospitality. For those looking for real experiences and unspoiled beauty, this hidden treasure is fast rising as a must-see.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4488,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7304","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7304\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}