Nestled at the junction of Central and West Asia, Iran commands a swath of territory stretching from the rocky shores of the Caspian Sea down to the heat\u2011cracked sands of the Persian Gulf. Covering 1,648,195 km\u00b2, it stands as the 17\u1d57\u02b0\u2011largest nation in both area and population\u2014nearly 86 million people call its rugged mountains, desert basins, and fertile plains home. Yet numbers alone cannot convey the sheer scale of its ambition nor the depth of its heritage. From early Lower Paleolithic bands carving flint to modern bazaars humming with commerce, Iran\u2019s story is that of continual reinvention amid the pressures of conquest, religion, and resource.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran'\u0131n co\u011frafi konturlar\u0131 u\u00e7 noktalarla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Kuzeyde, Hazar Denizi nemli ova ormanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreler, burada eski Hyrcanian a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 omuzlar. Burada, yazlar 29 \u00b0C'nin alt\u0131nda, k\u0131\u015f geceleri donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindedir - neredeyse Avrupa \u0131l\u0131manl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, merkezi Kavir ve Lut \u00e7\u00f6lleri kavurucu g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda kavrulur; Lut \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc, 2005'te 70,7 \u00b0C ile D\u00fcnya'n\u0131n en s\u0131cak y\u00fczeyi rekorunu elinde tutar. Al\u00e7ak tuz d\u00fczl\u00fckleri ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131r; ara s\u0131ra kervanlar r\u00fczgar\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi kumullar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ilerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Encircling these basins rise some of the world\u2019s most formidable ranges: the Zagros in the west, flanked by fertile basins that cradle villages dating back millennia; the Alborz along the Caspian, guarding the colossal Mount Damavand, Asia\u2019s highest volcano at 5,610 m. These mountains have long determined how people live and move\u2014traditional trade routes skirt passes, and seismic tremors reshape villages with alarming regularity. On average, a magnitude\u2011seven quake rattles Iran every decade, reminding inhabitants of restless tectonics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Basra K\u00f6rfezi'nden Umman K\u00f6rfezi'ne kadar uzanan \u0130ran'\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi, hem stratejik hem de sakin adalarla doludur. Az n\u00fcfuslu ve kaynak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fakir olan B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tunblar ve Ebu Musa, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131'nda hayati bir darbo\u011fazda yer al\u0131r. Sahiplikleri yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r K\u00f6rfez siyasetini alevlendirmi\u015ftir. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k denizde, Ki\u015f Adas\u0131, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezleri ve tatil k\u00f6ylerinin g\u00fcmr\u00fcks\u00fcz bir cenneti olarak par\u0131ldamaktad\u0131r; tak\u0131madalar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve 2016'dan beri UNESCO K\u00fcresel Jeopark\u0131 olan Ke\u015fm, antik denizler taraf\u0131ndan oyulmu\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tuz ma\u011faras\u0131 Namakdan'\u0131 gizler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran'\u0131n \u00e7evresel paleti subtropikal ye\u015filliklerden ta\u015fl\u0131 karanl\u0131\u011fa kadar uzan\u0131r. Kuzey eyaletleri y\u0131ll\u0131k 1.700 mm'den fazla ya\u011fmura bo\u011fulur; merkezi havzalar 200 mm'nin alt\u0131nda m\u00fccadele eder. Zagros havzas\u0131ndaki k\u0131\u015flar g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalamalar\u0131 donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrken, yazlar 30'lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015fer. Basra K\u00f6rfezi boyunca nem y\u00fckselir ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar 40 \u00b0C'yi a\u015far; y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 135 mm'yi zar zor ge\u00e7er. Bu e\u015fitsizlikler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en ciddi insan g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehdidi olarak belirir ve politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 yeni koruma \u00f6nlemleri ve boru hatt\u0131 projeleri olu\u015fturmaya zorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran medeniyetin be\u015fi\u011finde yer al\u0131r. Arkeolojik katmanlar insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Alt Paleolitik avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lara kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, ancak siyasi birlik ancak M\u00d6 yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Medler'in Cyaxares komutas\u0131nda ilk kez farkl\u0131 kabileleri bir araya getirmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kiros bu miras\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa etti, Ahameni\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu'nu kurdu ve antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck krall\u0131klar\u0131ndan birini yaratt\u0131. Persepolis'te mermer s\u00fctunlar y\u00fckseldi; satraplar Lidya'dan Baktriya'ya kadar eyaletleri y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00d6 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender, Ahameni\u015f y\u00f6netimini par\u00e7alayarak Helenistik birle\u015fmenin sahnesini haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ancak M\u00d6 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda Part soylular\u0131 Seleukos h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131 kovdu ve \u0130ran y\u00f6netimini yeniden kurdu. \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131, MS \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 y\u00f6netim, din ve sanattaki ilerlemelerle i\u015faretlenen alt\u0131n bir \u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flatana kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sasani yaz\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi kom\u015fular\u0131 etkiledi; ate\u015f tap\u0131naklar\u0131 kozmos ve krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndaki Arap fetihleri \u200b\u200b\u0130slam'\u0131n geli\u015fini sa\u011flad\u0131. Yine de Fars k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve dili \u0130slam'\u0131n Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131'nda yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130ran hanedanlar\u0131 - Tahiriler, Samaniler, B\u00fcveyhiler - Abbasi halifelerinden dizginleri ald\u0131lar, Fars edebiyat\u0131n\u0131, bilimlerini ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ft mimarisinin \u0130slami bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede yeniden canlanmas\u0131n\u0131 savundular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6neminin Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ve Harezmliler, Mo\u011fol ordular\u0131 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda gelene kadar de\u011fi\u015fen s\u0131n\u0131rlara ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ettiler. Timurlular, sanat ve bilime olan himayeyi geri kazand\u0131rarak, s\u0131kl\u0131kla Timurlu R\u00f6nesans\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feyi do\u011furdular. 1501'de Safevi hanedan\u0131, \u0130ran'\u0131 yeniden birle\u015ftirerek, Oniki \u0130mam \u015eiili\u011fini devlet dini olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131 ve belirgin bir Fars \u015eii kimli\u011fi olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu d\u00f6rt hanedan izledi: Nadir \u015eah \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Af\u015farlar, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran'\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine d\u00fcnya g\u00fcc\u00fc stat\u00fcs\u00fcne geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc; Ka\u00e7arlar, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ancak duraklad\u0131; R\u0131za \u015eah'\u0131n Pehlevi hanedan\u0131 (1925-79) yollar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131n\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131 modernize etti; ancak petrol ve yabanc\u0131 n\u00fcfuz konusundaki gerginlikler Ba\u015fbakan Muhammed Musadd\u0131k'\u0131n 1951'deki petrol millile\u015ftirmesini ve onu deviren 1953 \u0130ngiliz-Amerikan darbesini tetikledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eubat 1979'da Ayetullah Humeyni'nin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc monar\u015fiyi sona erdirdi. \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti, sosyal adalet ve ulusal egemenlik vaatleri aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Aylar i\u00e7inde Irak i\u015fgal etti; ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k sava\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 sertle\u015ftirdi ancak toprak kazan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamad\u0131. Cumhuriyet o zamandan beri reformist ve muhafazakar vizyonlar aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak y\u00fcce liderler ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ba\u015fkanlar alt\u0131nda geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn \u0130ran, \u00fcniter bir \u0130slam cumhuriyeti olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Ger\u00e7ek g\u00fc\u00e7, otoritesi cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve parlamentonun otoritesini g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakan y\u00fcce liderdedir. D\u00fczenli se\u00e7imlere ra\u011fmen, Muhaf\u0131z Konseyi adaylar\u0131 denetleyerek muhalefeti s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu sistem insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri nedeniyle ele\u015ftirilere maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; konu\u015fma, toplanma ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar hala keskindir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak \u0130ran'\u0131n etkisi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine uzan\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn 'unu ve gaz\u0131n\u0131n 'ini elinde bulunduran \u0130ran, enerji piyasalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiriyor. En b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eii devleti olarak L\u00fcbnan'\u0131n Hizbullah'\u0131ndan Irak ve Yemen'e kadar milisleri ve siyasi hareketleri destekliyor. BM, OIC, OPEC, ECO, NAM, SCO ve\u20142024'ten beri\u2014BRICS'te koltuk sahibi olarak, b\u00f6lgesel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve Bat\u0131 hegemonyas\u0131na meydan okuyan bir rakip olarak ikili kimli\u011fini vurguluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc paritesine g\u00f6re \u0130ran, merkezi planlama ve \u00f6zel giri\u015fimin karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fc olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 23. b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisine sahiptir. Hizmetler GSY\u0130H'ye hakimdir, ard\u0131ndan imalat, madencilik ve tar\u0131m gelir. Devlet i\u015fletmelerinin neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131na ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n 'una ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Tahran, finansal sinir merkezidir. Tahran Borsas\u0131 40'tan fazla end\u00fcstriyi listeler; Merkez Bankas\u0131 riyali basar ve enflasyon ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla m\u00fccadele eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hydrocarbons underpin revenue. As an OPEC member, Iran wields clout\u2014yet international sanctions since 1979 have stifled development. Tourism has compensated: by 2019, foreign arrivals neared nine million, a global growth leader. After a 2020 pandemic slippage, 2023 saw a 43\u202f% rise to six million visitors. The end of visa requirements for 60 countries and $32 billion in planned investments signal ambitions to convert Iran\u2019s storied past\u2014Persepolis, Shiraz, Isfahan\u2014into economic dividends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
173.000 km'lik yol a\u011f\u0131 ('\u00fc asfalt) da\u011f ge\u00e7itlerini ve \u00e7\u00f6lleri birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Stratejik Tahran-Bandar Abbas demir yolu, Basra K\u00f6rfezi'ni Me\u015fhed \u00fczerinden Orta Asya'ya ba\u011fl\u0131yor. \u0130ran'\u0131n limanlar\u0131\u2014H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131'ndaki Abbas; Hazar'daki Anzali ve Torkeman; K\u00f6rfez boyunca H\u00fcrrem\u015fehr ve \u0130mam Humeyni\u2014hayati ithalat ve ihracat\u0131 y\u00f6netiyor. Hava yolculu\u011fu d\u00fczinelerce \u015fehre hizmet veriyor; \u0130ran Hava Yollar\u0131 yurt i\u00e7i ve uluslararas\u0131 var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kentsel ula\u015f\u0131m, Orta Do\u011fu'nun en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7 milyondan fazla yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan ve 2018'de 820 milyon yolculuk kaydeden Tahran Metrosu ile keskin bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131. Otob\u00fcsler bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurur; kamyonculuk ve y\u00fck treni mallar\u0131 i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. Toplu olarak, ula\u015f\u0131m bir milyondan fazla vatanda\u015fa istihdam sa\u011flar - GSY\u0130H'n\u0131n %9'u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran'\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 1956'da 19 milyondan 2023'\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131nda 85 milyona f\u0131rlad\u0131. Do\u011furganl\u0131k yirmi y\u0131lda kad\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na 6,5'ten 1,7 \u00e7ocu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi 2018'de %1,39'a \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Tahminler 2050'ye kadar 105 milyona yak\u0131n bir istikrar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Kent sakinleri 1950 ile 2002 aras\u0131nda 'den 'a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve daha so\u011fuk, daha nemli bat\u0131da yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran'da, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Afgan ve Irakl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon m\u00fclteci, sa\u011fl\u0131k, emeklilik ve afet durumlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan anayasal sosyal g\u00fcvenlik garantileriyle korunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Etnik k\u00f6kene dayal\u0131 n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011funda Persler ve Azeriler \u00e7o\u011funluk stat\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2003'teki bir tahmin, Persleri ve Azerileri olarak yerle\u015ftirdi; Kongre K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi 2008'de rakamlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla ve 'ya kayd\u0131rd\u0131. Geri kalan\u0131 K\u00fcrtler, Gilaklar, Mazanderaniler, Araplar, Lurlar, Balochiler, T\u00fcrkmenler ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar dolduruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fars\u00e7a resmi dil olarak bask\u0131nd\u0131r, ancak d\u00fczinelerce leh\u00e7e eyaletler aras\u0131nda dalgalanmaktad\u0131r: kuzeyde Gilaki ve Mazenderani; bat\u0131da K\u00fcrt \u00e7e\u015fitleri; g\u00fcneybat\u0131da Luri; kuzeybat\u0131da Azerbaycan ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7eleri. Az\u0131nl\u0131k dilleri -Ermenice, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce, Neo-Aramice, Arap\u00e7a- yerle\u015fim yerlerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On \u0130ki \u0130mam \u015eii \u0130slam \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n -95'ini kapsar; S\u00fcnniler ve Sufiler %5-10'unu olu\u015fturur. K\u00fcrt inanc\u0131 olan Yarsanizm bir milyona kadar taraftar\u0131 tutar. Tan\u0131nmayan ve zul\u00fcm g\u00f6ren Bahailik inanc\u0131 sistematik bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Tan\u0131nan dinler\u2014Hristiyanl\u0131k, Yahudilik, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, S\u00fcnni \u0130slam\u2014parlamento koltuklar\u0131na sahiptir. Buradaki Yahudi toplulu\u011fu, \u0130srail d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Orta Do\u011fu'nun en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr; Ermeni Hristiyanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 250.000-370.000'dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran'\u0131n an\u0131tlar\u0131 bin y\u0131llara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yirmi yedi UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Alan\u0131\u2014Persepolis, Naghsh\u2011e Jahan Meydan\u0131, Chogha Zanbil, Pasargadae, Yazd\u2014Hirkanya ormanlar\u0131 ve Nevruz gibi somut olmayan geleneklerle yan yanad\u0131r. Yirmi d\u00f6rt k\u00fclt\u00fcrel uygulama \u0130ran'\u0131 k\u00fcresel olarak be\u015finci s\u0131raya yerle\u015ftirir. M\u00d6 5.000'e dayanan mimari soyu, tonozlarda ve kubbelerde geometri, astronomi ve kozmik sembolizmi bir araya getirir\u2014yap\u0131sal yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve dekoratif \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u015fsiz bir gelenek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The National Museum of Iran in Tehran, comprising Ancient Iran and Islamic Era wings, preserves the nation\u2019s archaeological corpus and ranks among the world\u2019s top institutions. In 2019, some 25 million visits graced museums nationwide, including Golestan Palace, the Treasury of National Jewels, the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and dozens more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran mutfa\u011f\u0131 sadeli\u011fi derinli\u011fe kristalle\u015ftirir: sulu kebaplar k\u00f6m\u00fcrlerin \u00fczerinde d\u00f6ner; safranl\u0131 pilavlar f\u0131nd\u0131k ve k\u00f6kleri besler; khoresh g\u00fcve\u00e7leri et, meyve ve baharatlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirir. Masada sade yo\u011furt (mast-o-khiar), sabzi (taze otlar), salata Shirazi ve torshi (tur\u015fu) lezzetleri vurgular. Borani, Mirza Qasemi ve kashk e bademjan patl\u0131can ve peynir alt\u0131 suyu prel\u00fcdleri sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Semaverlerden neredeyse kutsal say\u0131lan \u00e7ay ak\u0131yor; falude (eri\u015fteli g\u00fcl suyu \u015ferbeti) ve Bastani Sonnati (genellikle havu\u00e7 suyuyla e\u015fle\u015ftirilen safran dondurmas\u0131) yemekleri kapat\u0131yor. Baharatlar (kakule, kurutulmu\u015f limon, tar\u00e7\u0131n, zerde\u00e7al) n\u00fcans kat\u0131yor; Hazar'dan gelen havyar\u0131 antik l\u00fckse tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Seyahat edenler yedi ayr\u0131 diyar\u0131 gezebilirler: engebeli, yoksul Sistan ve Belucistan; sislerle kapl\u0131 Hazar Denizi; Tahran, Kum ve \u0130sfahan'\u0131n bulundu\u011fu hareketli Orta \u0130ran; Horasan'\u0131n kutsal \u015fehri Me\u015fhed; g\u00fcne\u015fin kavurdu\u011fu Basra K\u00f6rfezi adalar\u0131; da\u011fl\u0131k Azerbaycan; ve Bat\u0131 \u0130ran'\u0131n sava\u015f yaralar\u0131yla dolu ovalar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Iranian hospitality is legendary. Guests receive the warmest welcome\u2014\u201cKheili Khosh Amadid\u201d\u2014yet caution mingles with curiosity. Politeness dictates that men await a woman\u2019s offer before extending a handshake. In rural areas and holy sites, conservative dress prevails: women don a headscarf (rusari), knee\u2011length manteau, and loose trousers; some holy shrines require the full black chador. Men wear long sleeves; ties are best avoided near government offices. During recent protests (from October 2022), women\u2019s partial unveiling carried grave risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fparmak yukar\u0131 hareketi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 tabu olup, Bat\u0131'ya \u00f6zg\u00fc m\u00fcstehcen bir i\u015faret olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor; avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru sallama hareketi ise nadir bulunan otostop\u00e7ular i\u00e7in daha iyi bir se\u00e7enek; ancak otob\u00fcslerden metrolara kadar toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 daha ekonomik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Camilerde ayakkab\u0131lar d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kal\u0131r; kameralar kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar cuma namazlar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131 ve kapan\u0131\u015flara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermelidir. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft ate\u015f tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda, i\u00e7 kutsal alan d\u0131\u015far\u0131dakilere kapal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slam'\u0131 ele\u015ftirmek yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131 Araplarla bir tutmak \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa, hatta g\u00fccenmeye yol a\u00e7ar. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, Basra K\u00f6rfezi'ne asla "Arap K\u00f6rfezi" demeyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran tek bir anlat\u0131ya meydan okur. Hem kadim hem de avangardd\u0131r, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fctunlar\u0131n modern ufuk \u00e7izgilerine g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; sismik sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n hem yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde hem de toplumda fay hatlar\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi bir \u00fclkedir. \u0130mparatorluk, inan\u00e7 ve sanatla dolu, ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlilikte bir co\u011frafya, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve siyaset manzaras\u0131 sunar. \u0130ran'\u0131 bilmek karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kla y\u00fczle\u015fmektir: fetih ve inan\u00e7la \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f tarihler, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve petrolle sars\u0131lan ekonomiler, resmi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar aras\u0131nda misafirperverlikle birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f halklar. Ancak man\u015fetlerin \u00f6tesinde, ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve gelece\u011fin kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda konumlanm\u0131\u015f, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve zarafet \u00fclkesi yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00d6nemli tarihi \u00f6neme ve g\u00fcncel jeopolitik \u00f6neme sahip bir \u00fclke olan \u0130ran, Bat\u0131 Asya'da yer almaktad\u0131r ve 1.648.195 kilometrekarelik bir alanda ya\u015fayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 milyonluk bir n\u00fcfusa sahiptir. Hem kara alan\u0131 hem de n\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 17. s\u0131rada yer alan bu geni\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclke, gezegenin kadim medeniyetlerinden birinin kal\u0131c\u0131 miras\u0131n\u0131 sergilemektedir. \u0130ran'\u0131n Orta Asya, G\u00fcney Asya ve Orta Do\u011fu'nun kesi\u015fti\u011fi noktadaki stratejik konumu, karma\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fini \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir ve b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel meselelerdeki kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkilemeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3845,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14947","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14947\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}