{"id":13051,"date":"2024-09-17T12:02:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T12:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=13051"},"modified":"2026-03-12T23:58:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T23:58:43","slug":"bern","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/destinations\/europe\/switzerland\/bern\/","title":{"rendered":"Bern"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130svi\u00e7re Konfederasyonu&#039;nun fiili ba\u015fkenti olan ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla &#034;federal \u015fehir&#034; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Bern, \u0130svi\u00e7re platosunun kalbinde, Aare Nehri taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f engebeli bir yar\u0131madada yer almaktad\u0131r; 2024 itibar\u0131yla n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 146.000&#039;dir ve bu da onu \u00fclkenin be\u015finci en kalabal\u0131k belediyesi yapmaktad\u0131r ve yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 kentsel yerle\u015fime, \u00fc\u00e7te biri ormana ve geri kalan\u0131 tar\u0131ma, su yollar\u0131na ve marjinal araziye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 51,62 kilometrekarelik bir alan\u0131 kaplamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1191&#039;de Z\u00e4hringen Hanedan\u0131&#039;ndan D\u00fck Berthold V y\u00f6netimindeki kurulu\u015fundan 1218&#039;de \u00f6zg\u00fcr imparatorluk \u015fehri olarak y\u00fckselmesine ve 1353&#039;te geli\u015fen \u0130svi\u00e7re Konfederasyonu&#039;nun sekiz kantonundan biri olarak kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na kadar Bern, egemen geni\u015fleme, kentsel yenileme ve federatif \u00f6neme dair bir anlat\u0131 ortaya koydu. Orta\u00e7a\u011f b\u00f6lgeleri -daha sonra 1983&#039;te UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 siciline kaydedildi- Gotik ve Barok ciddiyetinin bir ambiyans\u0131n\u0131 korurken, \u015fehrin Aare&#039;nin do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k birikimleri y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca adaptasyonunu ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>On be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri, Bern&#039;in kentsel \u00e7ekirde\u011fi art arda yeniden yap\u0131lanmalara u\u011frad\u0131; her ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi katman\u0131 ve her mimari yeniden modelleme, \u015fehrin politik talihe, hidrolik taleplere ve estetik ak\u0131mlara verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Bir zamanlar n\u00f6bet\u00e7i kul\u00fcbesi ve hapishane olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6ren sayg\u0131de\u011fer saat kulesi Zytglogge, art\u0131k her saat ba\u015f\u0131 bir otomat g\u00f6sterisi d\u00fczenliyor; ay\u0131lar, soytar\u0131lar ve sakall\u0131 Chronos fig\u00fcr\u00fc; astronomik kadran\u0131 ise aylar\u0131n, bur\u00e7lar\u0131n ve ay evrelerinin d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. \u00c7ok uzakta olmayan, 1421&#039;de ba\u015flat\u0131lan zirvesi \u0130svi\u00e7re&#039;deki en y\u00fcksek kilise kulesi olmaya devam eden y\u00fckselen Gotik katedral M\u00fcnster; portal heykelinin ve nerv\u00fcrl\u00fc tonozlar\u0131n biti\u015fik eklemleri, ge\u00e7 orta\u00e7a\u011f duvar ustalar\u0131n\u0131n becerisini ve hem maddi hem de manevi a\u00e7\u0131dan y\u00fckselen bir \u015fehrin dindar co\u015fkusunu anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Alt\u0131 kilometrelik kapal\u0131 kemerlerle \u00e7evrili olan -Avrupa&#039;n\u0131n hava ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan korunan en geni\u015f gezinti yollar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturan kemerler- Eski Kent, s\u00fctunlu ana caddelerini d\u00f6vme demir lambalar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r var olan kumta\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131m ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde uzat\u0131r. R\u00f6nesans alegorik deyimiyle i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fmeler, her biri Hans Gieng veya \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131na atfedilen heykellerle ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 vurgular, \u00e7ok renkli detaylar\u0131 \u00e7ok renkli mineral yataklar\u0131yla canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, halk aras\u0131nda Kindlifresserbrunnen olarak bilinen \u00e7e\u015fme -\u00e7ocuklarla dolu bir \u00e7uval\u0131 tutan korkun\u00e7 fig\u00fcr\u00fc- zaman\u0131n ki\u015file\u015ftirilmesinden orta\u00e7a\u011f ahlak dersine kadar uzanan yorumlara ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur, hatta \u015fehrin katmanl\u0131 toplumsal ve dini tarihini yans\u0131tan tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 okumalar\u0131 bile harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bern&#039;in topografik durumu - Aare&#039;nin \u015fehir i\u00e7i eri\u015fimlerinden (Matte ve Marzili) Kirchenfeld ve L\u00e4nggasse platolar\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k altm\u0131\u015f metre y\u00fckselen engebeli bir platform - k\u00f6pr\u00fcler ve teraslardan olu\u015fan bir kentsel morfolojiyi dikte etti; zamanla, ta\u015f viyad\u00fckler ve \u00e7elik a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar nehrin k\u0131vr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erek, 2014&#039;te toplam n\u00fcfusu 406.900 ve metropol havzas\u0131 bin y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 660.000 olan 36 biti\u015fik belediyeye geni\u015flemeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eehrin 2013&#039;te \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ayak izi, alan\u0131n\u0131n ,2&#039;sinin tar\u0131m\u0131 destekledi\u011fini, son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan geri \u00e7ekilen buzullardan oyulmu\u015f mahsulleri ve meralar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor; Y\u00fczde 33,3&#039;\u00fc ormanlardan (\u00e7o\u011funlukla kay\u0131n, me\u015fe ve Norve\u00e7 ladininden) olu\u015furken, su yollar\u0131 ve g\u00f6letler ise sadece y\u00fczde 2,1&#039;lik bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130klimsel olarak, Bern, K\u00f6ppen s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re okyanus (Cfb) ve nemli k\u0131ta (Dfb) rejimleri aras\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal eder. \u015eehir merkezinden yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f kilometre kuzeyde bulunan Zollikofen istasyonu, Temmuz ay\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 18,3 \u00b0C&#039;lik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k kaydederken (maksimum ortalama 24,3 \u00b0C&#039;dir) ve A\u011fustos 2003&#039;te, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli Avrupa s\u0131cak hava dalgas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 37,0 \u00b0C&#039;lik bir zirve kaydetti; tersine, Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalamas\u0131 -0,4 \u00b0C&#039;lik -gece minimumuyla e\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f - c\u0131va \u015eubat 1929&#039;da oldu\u011fu gibi -23,0 \u00b0C&#039;ye d\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fi ve donun y\u0131lda 103 g\u00fcnden fazla havay\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi Orta Avrupa k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131, ortalama 52,6 santimetre derinlikte ve 36 g\u00fcnden fazla kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc s\u00fcresiyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 g\u00fcnl\u00fck birikmeye neden olur. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler, 1981&#039;den 2010&#039;a kadar olan otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u00fczerinden kalibre edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130klimi kadar incelikli bir dil dokusu olan Bern&#039;in resmi dili \u0130svi\u00e7re Standart Almancas\u0131&#039;d\u0131r, ancak yerel dil Bern Almancas\u0131&#039;n\u0131n Alemannik t\u0131n\u0131s\u0131nda yank\u0131lan\u0131r. Aral\u0131k 2020 itibar\u0131yla \u015fehrin demografik yap\u0131s\u0131, yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde 134.794 sakini i\u00e7eriyordu (yakla\u015f\u0131k &#039;\u00fc yabanc\u0131 uyrukluydu) ve g\u00f6\u00e7le y\u00f6nlendirilen bir n\u00fcfus dalgalanmas\u0131 marj\u0131 (2000&#039;den 2010&#039;a %1,3) do\u011fal azalmayla (do\u011fumlar ve \u00f6l\u00fcmler %-2,1&#039;i olu\u015fturuyor) dengelenmi\u015ftir. Bu belediye \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde, ba\u015fkenti hem k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir ocak hem de idari bir dayanak noktas\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren \u0130svi\u00e7re Konfederasyonu&#039;nun ikinci en kalabal\u0131k kantonu olan Bern Kantonu yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kentsel \u00e7ekirdekte, Federal Saray on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l federalizminin bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak duruyor: 1857 ile 1902 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda neoklasik revaklar ve barok kubbelerden olu\u015fan bir \u00fcslupla tasarlanan saray, iki meclisli parlamentoyu ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor; kumta\u015f\u0131 cepheleri \u0130svi\u00e7re egemenli\u011finin yerini belirliyor. Hemen kuzeyde, Evrensel Posta Birli\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 sekreterli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve Bern&#039;in on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan bu yana k\u00fcresel ileti\u015fimdeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc teyit ediyor. Ba\u015fka yerlerde, \u0130svi\u00e7re Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Federal Ar\u015fivler ve 1894&#039;te a\u00e7\u0131lan Tarih M\u00fczesi, \u00fclkenin kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden bir dizi depo olu\u015ftururken, Alp M\u00fczesi ve \u0130leti\u015fim M\u00fczesi, \u0130svi\u00e7re kimli\u011fini \u015fekillendiren do\u011fal ve teknolojik g\u00fc\u00e7leri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Kramgasse 49&#039;daki Einstein Evi, o zamanlar patent memuru olan Albert Einstein&#039;\u0131n 1905&#039;teki Annus Mirabilis&#039;ini tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 daireyi muhafaza ediyor. Foto\u011fraflar, el yazmalar\u0131 ve yaz\u0131 masas\u0131n\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131, g\u00f6relili\u011fin Newtoncu mutlaklar\u0131n yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor; \u015fehrin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki herhangi bir mimari yenilik kadar devrim niteli\u011finde bir kavramsal de\u011fi\u015fim. Kom\u015fu Zytglogge&#039;un yank\u0131lanan \u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7it, zamansal alg\u0131n\u0131n ironilerini vurguluyor: \u0130svi\u00e7re saat mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fczenlili\u011fi, bu m\u00fctevaz\u0131 mahallelerde tasarlanan g\u00f6reli vahiylerle tezat olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n<p>Nehrin kuzeyinde, Kirchenfeld b\u00f6lgesi zarif caddelerle uzan\u0131r ve Tierpark D\u00e4hlh\u00f6lzli ile noktalan\u0131r - burada Avrasya boz ay\u0131lar\u0131, Ursus arctos arctos, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir \u00e7ukura ba\u011fl\u0131 ormanl\u0131k alanlarda dola\u015f\u0131r - ve 1913&#039;te Eski Kent&#039;in s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131 ve kulelerinin panoramik manzaralar\u0131n\u0131 sunan bir Rosarium&#039;a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f eski bir mezarl\u0131k olan Rosengarten. Daha uzakta, 106 metrelik Avrupa&#039;n\u0131n ikinci en k\u0131sa kamu f\u00fcnik\u00fcleri olan Marzilibahn, Marzili&#039;nin nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki gezinti yolunu Bundestag tepesine ba\u011flar, ah\u015fap arabalar\u0131 yirmi dakikal\u0131k aral\u0131klarla y\u00fckselerek yoldan ge\u00e7enleri proleter banyolar\u0131 ve iktidar koridorlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bern&#039;in takviminde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ritimler, Gurtenfestival&#039;den (her Temmuz ay\u0131nda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn boyunca 25.000&#039;e kadar kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir araya getiren Gurten tepesindeki uluslararas\u0131 bir m\u00fczik bulu\u015fmas\u0131) 1976&#039;dan beri do\u011fa\u00e7lamac\u0131lar\u0131 katedral kemerlerinin alt\u0131nda ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f end\u00fcstriyel barakalarda bir araya getiren Uluslararas\u0131 Caz Festivali&#039;ne ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ve festival rozetleri toplayan gezici m\u00fczisyenlerle Arnavut kald\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 yollar\u0131 canland\u0131ran Sokak Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Festivali&#039;ne kadar uzanan festivallerle nab\u0131z at\u0131yor. Tramvay ve troleyb\u00fcs\u00fcn g\u00fcnl\u00fck u\u011fultusuyla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7en bu t\u00fcr etkinlikler, \u015fehrin hem miras\u0131n koruyucusu hem de \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulu\u00e7ka makinesi olarak ikili rol\u00fcn\u00fc teyit ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bern&#039;in bisiklete olan himayesi, PubliBike kiralama sistemi taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen, kilise mahalleleri ve nehir kenar\u0131 gezinti yollar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u00f6zel bisiklet yollar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6stermektedir; pedal \u00e7evirmeye daha az meyilli olanlar i\u00e7in Libero tarife a\u011f\u0131, Eski Kent&#039;i ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresini kapsayan 100. b\u00f6lgeye odaklanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lge tabanl\u0131 bir \u00fccret yap\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda trenleri, tramvaylar\u0131, PostAuto otob\u00fcslerini ve troleyb\u00fcsleri birle\u015ftirir. Bern&#039;in Hauptbahnhof&#039;u (\u0130svi\u00e7re&#039;deki yolcu hacminde sadece Z\u00fcrih&#039;in ard\u0131ndan ikinci s\u0131radad\u0131r) hafta i\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131k 165.000 yolcuyu (2022) idare ederek \u015fehri yerel S-Bahn hizmetlerine ve uluslararas\u0131 koridorlara ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Karayolu arterleri (A1, A6, A12) d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru yay\u0131l\u0131rken, Belp&#039;teki m\u00fctevaz\u0131 Bern Havaalan\u0131 genel havac\u0131l\u0131k ve charter hizmetlerini idare ederek, iki saatlik bir tren yolculu\u011fu i\u00e7inde Z\u00fcrih, Cenevre ve Basel&#039;e tarifeli k\u0131talararas\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flar i\u00e7in yol verir.<\/p>\n<p>Sportif ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar Bern&#039;in toplumsal mozai\u011fine eklemlenir: BSC Young Boys futbol kul\u00fcb\u00fc, 32.000 ki\u015filik kapasitesiyle 2025&#039;te UEFA Kad\u0131nlar Avrupa Finalleri&#039;nin fikst\u00fcrlerine ev sahipli\u011fi yapacak olan Stadion Wankdorf&#039;ta \u0130svi\u00e7re S\u00fcper Ligi&#039;nde m\u00fccadele ederken, SC Bern&#039;in co\u015fkulu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc bir arenada bulunan buz hokeyi tak\u0131m\u0131, seyirci say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok Ulusal Hokey Ligi mekan\u0131n\u0131 bile geride b\u0131rakan m\u00fcsabakalara ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. \u015eehrin can damar\u0131na dalmak isteyenler i\u00e7in Aare&#039;de y\u00fczmek bir ge\u00e7i\u015f ayini sunar: sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcler Kornhausbr\u00fccke&#039;den Lorraine hamamlar\u0131na veya Eichholz&#039;dan Marzili havuzuna s\u00fcr\u00fcklenebilir ve yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccretsiz sa\u011flanan \u0131s\u0131tmal\u0131 soyunma odalar\u0131nda tamamlayabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Gurten&#039;e 9 numaral\u0131 tramvayla t\u0131rmanan ve ard\u0131ndan panoramik trenle t\u0131rmanan bir yaya (t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131 be\u015f dakikada dokuz frankl\u0131k gidi\u015f-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f \u00fccretiyle tamamlan\u0131r) piknik alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, oyun alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve bir g\u00f6zlem kulesinin hem orta\u00e7a\u011f \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hem de da\u011f zirvelerinin geni\u015f perspektiflerini sundu\u011fu yemye\u015fil bir zirveye ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu manzaralar\u0131n alt\u0131nda, inekler y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yollar\u0131yla girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131rlarda otlarken, hafta sonu k\u00fclt\u00fcr kul\u00fcpleri yerel aileleri uluslararas\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7iler kadar kolayca \u00e7eken konserler d\u00fczenler. B\u00f6ylece Bern, antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n dura\u011fan bir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, orta\u00e7a\u011f ve modernin birle\u015fti\u011fi bir palimpsest olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar; burada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc kentsel rit\u00fcel ritmi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fa\u00e7lama notas\u0131yla kesi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eehrin ontojenisi her sokakta kendini g\u00f6sterir: Federal Saray&#039;\u0131n tepesindeki bayraklardan Zytglogge&#039;un yald\u0131zl\u0131 meridyenlerine; M\u00fcnster&#039;in karanl\u0131k ta\u015flar\u0131ndan pasajlar\u0131n havadar peristillerine. Bern&#039;in \u00f6z\u00fc bu zaman s\u00fcreklili\u011finde bulunur; hikayeli ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ile geli\u015fen gelece\u011fi aras\u0131nda dengede varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir kentsel organizma. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bir ihti\u015fam yeri, akademik g\u00f6zlem ve \u015fiirsel yank\u0131n\u0131n \u0130svi\u00e7re civitas&#039;\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fayan bir vasiyetinde birle\u015fti\u011fi bir yer olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130svi\u00e7re&#039;nin fiili ba\u015fkenti olan Bern, \u00fclkenin zengin miras\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7re Platosu&#039;nun merkezine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 133.000 ki\u015filik (2022 itibar\u0131yla) bu \u015fehir, \u00fclkenin politik ve sosyal sahnesinde benzersizdir. Bern&#039;in \u00f6nemi, Z\u00fcrih, Cenevre, Basel ve Lozan&#039;\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130svi\u00e7re&#039;nin kentsel merkezleri aras\u0131nda be\u015finci s\u0131rada yer alan n\u00fcfusunu \u00e7ok a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 36 belediyeden ve 2014 itibar\u0131yla 406.900 ki\u015filik bir n\u00fcfustan olu\u015fan Bern aglomerasyonu ile \u015fehir, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir metropol alan\u0131n\u0131n merkez noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Milenyumun ba\u015f\u0131nda metropol alan\u0131 660.000&#039;e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu daha geni\u015f kentsel a\u011f daha da uza\u011fa ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3592,"parent":12907,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13051","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13051\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}