{"id":2258,"date":"2024-08-13T15:47:42","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T15:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=2258"},"modified":"2026-03-04T04:30:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T04:30:54","slug":"%ed%8f%b4%eb%9e%80%eb%93%9c-%ed%9d%a5%eb%af%b8%eb%a1%9c%ec%9a%b4-%ec%82%ac%ec%8b%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/magazine\/interesting-facts\/poland-interesting-facts\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc: \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\uc2e4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc218\ucc9c \ub144\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \uc2b9\ub9ac\uc640 \ube44\uadf9\uc744 \uc544\uc6b0\ub974\uba70, \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \ubc1c\uacac\uacfc \uc720\uc11c \uae4a\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \ub098\ub77c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \uc804\uc124\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\ub300\uc758 \uacbd\uc774\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\uac74\uae4c\uc9c0, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uad6c\uc11d\uad6c\uc11d\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9e4\ud639\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \uac00\ub4dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc131, \uace0\ub300 \uc655\uc2e4 \ud5cc\uc7a5, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc0c1\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucf54\ud398\ub974\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4\uc640 \ub9c8\ub9ac \ud034\ub9ac \uac19\uc740 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\uace0, \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \uc232\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ud0d0\ud5d8\ud558\uace0, \uba85\uba85\uc77c \ucd95\ud558 \ud589\uc0ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uad00\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubc30\uc6b0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc5ec\uc815\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc720\uc0b0\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\uac00 \uc65c \uace0\uc694\ud55c \ud798\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubd88\uc2e0\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uacbd\uc774\ub85c\uc6c0\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ud544\uc218 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubc0f \uac1c\uc694<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uacf5\uc2dd \uba85\uce6d:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uacf5\ud654\uad6d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc218\ub3c4:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14(\uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc2dc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc778\uad6c:<\/strong>\u00a0~3800\ub9cc\uba85(EU\uc5d0\uc11c 5\ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ud070 \uaddc\ubaa8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc601\uc5ed:<\/strong>\u00a0312,696km\u00b2(EU\uc5d0\uc11c 5\ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ud070 \uad6d\uac00)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc5b8\uc5b4:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4(\ub77c\ud2f4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c\uc5b4)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud1b5\ud654:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc990\ub85c\ud2f0(PLN) \u2013 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 EU\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc720\ub85c\uc874\uc5d0\ub294 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\uc6c3:<\/strong>\u00a0\ub3c5\uc77c, \uccb4\ucf54, \uc2ac\ub85c\ubc14\ud0a4\uc544, \uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098, \ubca8\ub85c\ub8e8\uc2dc, \ub9ac\ud22c\uc544\ub2c8\uc544, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544(\uce7c\ub9ac\ub2cc\uadf8\ub77c\ub4dc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9c0\ub9ac\ud559:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubd81\ucabd\uc758 \ubaa8\ub798\uc0ac\uc7a5 \ubc1c\ud2b8\ud574 \uc5f0\uc548\ubd80\ud130 \ub0a8\ucabd\uc758 \uc218\ub370\ud150 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uacfc \uce74\ub974\ud30c\ud2f0\uc544 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3c9\uc6d0, \uc232, \ud638\uc218, \uc0b0\uc774 \uc5b4\uc6b0\ub7ec\uc9c4 \ub2e4\ucc44\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud48d\uacbd\uc774 \ud3bc\uccd0\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uae30\ud6c4:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc628\ub300\uae30\ud6c4\ub85c \uaca8\uc6b8\uc740 \ucda5\uace0 \uc5ec\ub984\uc740 \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uba70, \uc0b0\uc545\uc9c0\ub300\ub294 \uc2dc\uc6d0\ud558\uace0 \uace0\uc0b0\uc9c0\ub300\uc758 \uae30\ud6c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud55c \ub098\ub77c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c, 17\uac1c\uc758 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \ub3c4\uc2dc, \uad50\ud68c, \uc655\uc2e4 \uc18c\uae08 \uad11\uc0b0, \uad11\ud65c\ud55c \uc232, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uae30\ub150\ube44\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc774 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \ub300\ud45c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0 \u200b\u200b\ub300\ud55c \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc0ac\uc2e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd (966)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc11c\uae30 966\ub144 \ubbf8\uc5d0\uc288\ucf54 \uacf5\uc791 1\uc138\uc758 \uc138\ub840\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uc5d0\uc288\ucf54 \uacf5\uc791\uc740 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc784\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub77c\ud2f4 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ud569\ub958\ud558\uc5ec \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uac74\uad6d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uc810\ubd80\ud130 \ud53c\uc544\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc655\uc870\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uac00 \ub41c \uc9c0\uc5ed \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0 \uc655\uad6d\uacfc \uc694\uc0c8\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucd08\uae30 \uc911\uc138 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c \ubd80\uc871\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\uace0 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc131\uacfc \ub300\uc131\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uae08\ub3c4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud1a0\ub300\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc124\uc740 \uc774\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc624\ub798\uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\ub300 \uc124\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \ub808\ud788, \uccb4\ucf54, \ub8e8\uc2a4 \uc138 \ud615\uc81c\uac00 \uac08\ub77c\uc838 \uac01\uac01 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc, \uccb4\ucf54 \uc601\ud1a0, \ub8e8\ud14c\ub2c8\uc544\ub97c \uac74\uad6d\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc124\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \ub808\ud788\ub294 \ubd89\uc740 \ub178\uc744\uc744 \ubc30\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b8\ub355 \uc704\uc5d0 \ud770 \ub3c5\uc218\ub9ac\uac00 \ub465\uc9c0\ub97c \ud2c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc774 \uc815\ucc29\uc9c0\ub97c\u2026&nbsp;<em>\uadf8\ub2c8\uc5d0\uc988\ub178<\/em>&nbsp;(\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4\ub85c &#034;\ub465\uc9c0&#034;)\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\uba70 \ud770 \ub3c5\uc218\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud669\uae08\uae30: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc-\ub9ac\ud22c\uc544\ub2c8\uc544 \uc5f0\ubc29<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the 16th century, Poland\u2019s power and culture blossomed. In 1569 the Union of Lublin created the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, an enormous dual state that in its prime spanned over one million square kilometers \u2013 making it one of Europe\u2019s largest countries at the time.&nbsp;The Commonwealth was notable for its \u201cGolden Liberty\u201d: a parliament of nobles elected the king and guaranteed unprecedented personal freedoms. It boasted early forms of constitutional government and unusual religious tolerance for the era. The Warsaw Confederation of 1573 codified freedom of worship, and monasteries of Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox Christians, Jews and Muslims all thrived. Academies at Krak\u00f3w, Vilnius and beyond made it a cultural hub. Science flourished: Nicolaus Copernicus (born in Toru\u0144, then Commonwealth territory) published his heliocentric theory in 1543, altering astronomy forever. Poland\u2019s Renaissance architecture \u2014 from the royal Wawel Castle in Krak\u00f3w to fortified towns like Zamo\u015b\u0107 \u2014 also dates to this age. In 1791, the enlightened Commonwealth adopted the May 3 Constitution, Europe\u2019s first modern national constitution and the world\u2019s second after the United States, though it lasted only a year before the state was overwhelmed by neighbors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">123\ub144\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4: \ubd84\ud560<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud669\uae08\uae30\ub294 \ube44\uadf9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 3\ucc28\ub840\uc758 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\ud560(1772\ub144, 1793\ub144, 1795\ub144)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544, \ud504\ub85c\uc774\uc13c, \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\ub294 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc744 \ubd84\ud560\ud588\uace0, &#034;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc&#034;\ub294 123\ub144\uac04 \uc720\ub7fd \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc678\uad6d\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ubb38\ud654\ub294 \uc870\uc6a9\ud788 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ubc00 \ud559\uad50\uc640 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1830\ub144\uacfc 1863\ub144\uc758 \ubd09\uae30\ub294 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2e4\ud328\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad6d\uac00 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc61b \uc655\uad6d\uc758 \uae30\uc5b5\uc740 \ubb38\ud559\uacfc \ubbfc\uc18d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0b4\uc544 \ub0a8\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uace0 1918\ub144 11\uc6d4 11\uc77c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc774 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc600\ub358 \uc694\uc81c\ud504 \ud53c\uc6b0\uc218\ud2b8\uc2a4\ud0a4\uac00 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc81c2\uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc758 \ucd08\ub300 \uad6d\uac00 \uc6d0\uc218\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ubc1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1\uc740 1920\ub144 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc-\uc18c\ub828 \uc804\uc7c1(\ube44\uc2a4\ud234\ub77c \uac15\uc758 \uae30\uc801)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 1920\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc601\ud1a0\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804\uacfc \uadf8 \uc601\ud5a5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1939\ub144 9\uc6d4, \ub098\uce58 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc774 \uc11c\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc18c\ub828\uc774 \ub3d9\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uce68\uacf5\ud558\uba70 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804\uc774 \ubc1c\ubc1c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub825\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \uc2dc\ud5d8\ub300\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uba3c\uc800 \uacf5\uaca9\ubc1b\uc740 \uad6d\uac00 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uc6c5\uc801\uc778 \uc800\ud56d\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc810\ub839\ub2f9\ud588\uace0 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud30c\uad34\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5b4\ub450\uc6b4 \uc7a5\ub4e4\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3bc\uccd0\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uce58\ub294 \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc544\uc6b0\uc288\ube44\uce20-\ube44\ub974\ucf00\ub098\uc6b0\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uacf3\uc740 \ub098\uce58 \ud559\uc0b4 \uc218\uc6a9\uc18c \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778, \ub85c\ub9c8\uc778 \ub4f1 \ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc0b4\ub2f9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\uc774 \uc774 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa9\uc228\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ud640\ub85c\ucf54\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ud76c\uc0dd\ub41c \ubbfc\uac04\uc778\uacfc \uc720\ub300\uc778 \ud3ec\ud568). 1944\ub144 \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \ubd09\uae30(\ub3c5\uc77c \uc810\ub839\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc804\uc5ed\uc758 \ubc18\ub780)\ub294 \uc794\ud639\ud55c \ubcf4\ubcf5\uacfc \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \ud30c\uad34\ub85c \uc9c4\uc555\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ud3d0\ud5c8\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uad6d\uacbd\uc740 \uc11c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1945\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc778\ubbfc \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 1980\ub144\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad50\ud669 \uc694\ud55c \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 2\uc138(\ubc14\ub3c4\ube44\uccb4\uc758 \uce74\ub864 \ubcf4\uc774\ud2f0\uc640)\uac00 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc601\uc801 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uae30\ub97c \ubd81\ub3cb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ub808\ud750 \ubc1c\uc6ec\uc0ac\uac00 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uc870\uc120\uc18c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud480\ubfcc\ub9ac \ub3c4\uc804\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ub300 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\uc758 \uc6d0\ub3d9\ub825\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1989\ub144 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ud3c9\ud654\ub86d\uac8c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc774\ud589\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \ud574 \uc790\uc720 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ube44\uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc130\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba87 \ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubbfc\uc8fc \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\uc73c\uba70, 1999\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 NATO\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2004\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd \uc5f0\ud569\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0: \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ub3cc, \ub098\ubb34, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc790\uc5f0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc790\ub791\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2021\ub144 \uae30\uc900, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 17\uac1c\uc758 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801, \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc9c0\uad6c(1978)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \uc911\uc138 \uad6c\uc2dc\uac00\uc9c0\uc640 \ud55c\ub54c \uc655\uad6d\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4\uc600\ub358 \ubc14\ubca8 \uc131. \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ud0c0\uc6b4\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4, \uad50\ud68c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uad11\uc7a5\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4\uc640 \uace0\ub515 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc5d8\ub9ac\uce58\uce74\uc640 \ubcf4\ud750\ub2c8\uc544 \uc18c\uae08 \uad11\uc0b0(1978)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504 \uc778\uadfc\uc758 13\uc138\uae30 \uc9c0\ud558 \uad11\uc0b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ud130\ub110, \uc608\ubc30\ub2f9, \uc18c\uae08 \uacb0\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uac01\ub41c \uc870\uac01\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \uad11\uc0b0(\ube44\uc5d8\ub9ac\uce58\uce74)\uc740 \uc2b5\ub3c4 \uc870\uc808 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\uc6d0\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc7a0\uc2dc \uba78\uc885 \uc704\uae30\uc885\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9d0\ubcf4\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \ud29c\ud134 \uae30\uc0ac\ub2e8 \uc131(1997)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \uba74\uc801 \uae30\uc900 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ub300 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \ubcbd\ub3cc \uc131(50\uc5d0\uc774\ucee4 \uc774\uc0c1). 13\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c 14\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ud29c\ud134 \uae30\uc0ac\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac74\uc124\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub178\uac13 \uac15\ubcc0\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub69d \uc19f\uc740 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ubd89\uc740 \uc131\ubcbd\uc740 \uc911\uc138 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uacbd\uc774\ub85c\uc6c0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc9c0\uad6c(1980)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uad34\ub41c \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\ub294 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc804\uc7c1 \uc804\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \uc7ac\uac74\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc758 \uc655\uad81\uacfc \uad6c\uc2dc\uac00\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uad11\uc7a5\uc740 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7ac\ub41c \uc804\ud6c4 \ubcf5\uc6d0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc544\uc6b0\uc288\ube44\uce20 \ube44\ub974\ucf00\ub098\uc6b0(1979)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ub098\uce58 \uac15\uc81c\uc218\uc6a9\uc18c\uc774\uc790 \ud559\uc0b4\uc218\uc6a9\uc18c\uc600\ub358 \uc774\uacf3\uc740 \uae30\ub150\uad00\uacfc \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc874\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud640\ub85c\ucf54\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \ucc38\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5c4\uc219\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud1a0\ub8ec \uc911\uc138 \ub3c4\uc2dc (1997)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ube44\uc2a4\ud234\ub77c \uac15\ubcc0\uc758 \uace0\ub515 \uc591\uc2dd \ud56d\uad6c \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc774\uc790 \ucf54\ud398\ub974\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc9c0. \ud1a0\ub8ec\uc758 \ubcbd\ub3cc \uac74\ubb3c\uacfc \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud55c\uc790 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc758 \ubc88\uc601\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub9ac\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc790\ubaa8\uc2dc\uce58 \uc5ed\uc0ac \ub3c4\uc2dc(1992)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 16\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac74\uc124\ub41c \uacc4\ud68d\ub41c \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4 &#034;\uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc2dc&#034;\ub85c, \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc874\ub41c \uc694\uc0c8\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ucc3d\ub9bd\uc790\uc778 \uc580 \uc790\ubaa8\uc774\uc2a4\ud0a4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub530\uc11c \uba85\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc57c\ubcf4\ub974\uc640 \uc2a4\ube44\ub4dc\ub2c8\ucc28\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654 \uad50\ud68c(2001)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 17\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc608\ubc30\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ub300\ud615 \ubaa9\uc870 \ubc14\ub85c\ud06c \uc591\uc2dd \uad50\ud68c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \ub098\ubb34\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ub0b4\ubd80\uac00 \ub208\uae38\uc744 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uce74\ub974\ud30c\ud2f0\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ubaa9\uc870 \uccb4\ub974\ud06c\ubc14(2013)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc-\uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098 \uad6d\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 6\uac1c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc870 \ub3d9\ubc29 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uad50\ud68c(\uccb4\ub974\ud06c\ubc14)\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 16~17\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ubaa9\uacf5 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub0a8\ubd80 \uc18c\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ubaa9\uc870 \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4(2003)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ub9c8\uc6cc\ud3f4\uc2a4\uce74\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 8\uac1c\uc758 \uc911\uc138 \ubaa9\uc870 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc788\ub294 \uacf3\uc73c\ub85c, \uac01\uac01 \ubaa9\uc870 \uac74\ucd95\uacfc \ub110\ube64\uc9c0 \uc9c0\ubd95\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uce7c\ubc14\ub9ac\uc544 \uc81c\ube0c\ub974\uc9c0\ub3c4\ud504\uc2a4\uce74(1999)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c 17\uc138\uae30 \ubc14\ub85c\ud06c \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \uc21c\ub840\uc9c0. \uc608\ubc30\ub2f9\uacfc \ub300\uc131\ub2f9\uc774 \uc57c\uc678 \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \uae38\ucc98\ub7fc \uafb8\uba70\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uadf9 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc8fc\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uc2a4\uce74\uc6b0\uc5b4 \ud30c\ud06c(2004)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ub3c5\uc77c-\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uacbd\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc788\ub294 19\uc138\uae30 \uc601\uad6d\uc2dd \uc870\uacbd \uacf5\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c, \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc601\uad6d\uc2dd \uc5f0\uc18d \uacf5\uc6d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504 \uc13c\ud14c\ub2c8\uc5bc \ud640(2006)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08, \ub2f9\uc2dc \uacf5\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uc704\uc5c5\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ucca0\uadfc \ucf58\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ud640. \ub3c4\uc2dc \uac74\ub9bd 100\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac74\uc124\ub41c \uc774 \uac74\ubb3c\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uac74\ubb3c\ub85c\ub294 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uac74\ucd95\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \ud604\ub300 \uac74\ucd95\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tarnowskie G\u00f3ry \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc740\uad11(2017)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \uce74\ud1a0\ube44\uccb4 \uc778\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c 18\uc138\uae30 \uc9c0\ud558 \uc740-\ub0a9 \uad11\uc0b0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c. \ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 1.7km\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ud558 \uac31\ub3c4\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\ubcf4\uace0 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \uad11\uc0b0 \uc7a5\ube44\ub4e4\uc744 \uad6c\uacbd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790 \uc232(1992)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ubca8\ub77c\ub8e8\uc2a4\uc640 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc6d0\uc2dc \uc800\uc9c0\ub300 \uc0bc\ub9bc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\ub4e4\uc18c \ub5bc\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\ubc31 \uc885\uc758 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uacfc \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc774 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc774 \ub108\ub3c4\ubc24\ub098\ubb34\uc640 \ucc38\ub098\ubb34 \uc232\uc740 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uace0\ub300 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub450 \uacf3\uc758 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc790\uc5f0\uc720\uc0b0 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uce74\ub974\ud30c\ud2f0\uc544 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc758 \uace0\ub300 \ubc0f \uc6d0\uc2dc \ub108\ub3c4\ubc24\ub098\ubb34 \uc232(2021)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ube44\uc5d0\uc288\ucc28\ub514 \uc0b0\ub9e5(\ube44\uc5d0\uc288\ucc28\ub514 \uad6d\ub9bd\uacf5\uc6d0)\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \ucd08\uad6d\uc801 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub108\ub3c4\ubc24\ub098\ubb34 \uc232\uc740 \uc218\ucc9c \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc190\uae38\uc774 \ub2ff\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0b0\ub9bc \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>&#034;\uc2a4\ud1a0 \ub77c\ud2b8(Sto lat)&#034;\ub294 \ub204\uad70\uac00\uc758 100\uc138 \uac74\uac15\uc744 \uae30\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5 \ub178\ub798\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774\ub098 \uba85\uba85\uc77c \ucd95\ud558 \ud589\uc0ac \ub54c \uc774 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\ub294\ub370, \uba85\uba85\uc77c\uc740 \uc0dd\uc77c\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 \ucd95\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ub0a0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><cite>\ubb38\ud654 \ub178\ud2b8<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uacfc \uc804\ud1b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad00\uc2b5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub2ec\ub825\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uae30\ub150\uc77c\uc774 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub984\ub0a0(imieniny) \uc804\ud1b5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc131\uc778\uc758 \ucd95\uc77c\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc774\ub984\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub0a0\uc5d0 \uae30\ub150\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<em>\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758<\/em>&nbsp;\uc131\uc778\uc758 \ub0a0\uc740 \uc0dd\uc77c\ucc98\ub7fc \uae30\ub150\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub534 \uae30\ub150\uc77c\uc774 \uc0dd\uc77c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc791\uc740 \uc120\ubb3c\uc774\ub098 \uaf43\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0\ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uc794\uce58\ub97c \ubc8c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc0dd\uc77c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ud638\ud654\ub86d\uac8c \uc794\uce58\ub97c \ubc8c\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc18c\uc6d0\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<em>\uc0dd\uc77c \ucd95\ud558\ud574\uc694<\/em>\uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub824\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc624\ub79c \uad00\uc2b5\uc740 \uc190 \ud0a4\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub098\uc774\uac00 \ub9ce\uac70\ub098 \ud488\uc704 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc744 \ub9cc\ub0a0 \ub54c, \ub0a8\uc131\uc740 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc624\ub978\uc190\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub4dc\ub7fd\uac8c \ud0a4\uc2a4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ub54c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ud754\ud588\ub358 \uc774 \uc608\uc758 \ubc14\ub978 \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc790\ub9ac\ub098 \uc560\uc815 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, \ub0a8\uc131\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc545\uc218\ub294 \ud45c\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\uc758\ub294 \ud638\uce6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0af\uc120 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774&nbsp;<em>\uc528\/\ubd80\uc778<\/em>&nbsp;(Mr.\/Ms.)\uc640 \uc131\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc4f0\uc138\uc694. \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the first day of spring (around March 21), Poles practice the drowning of Marzanna. A straw doll (dressed as an old woman), symbolizing winter, is carried in procession, then set aflame and thrown into a river or lake. This Slavic ritual, rooted in pre-Christian times, is meant to banish winter and welcome spring\u2019s arrival. Schools often involve children in making Marzanna dolls and singing as they symbolically drown her. Similarly, Easter Monday features&nbsp;\u015amigus-Dyngus: friends and neighbors drench each other with water to celebrate spring renewal (traditionally boys play pranks by chasing girls with water, though today it\u2019s reciprocated).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc720\uc0b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\uc758 \uc57d 87%\uac00 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc790\uc774\uba70, \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc21c\ub840\ub294 \ud754\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<em>\uc57c\uc2a4\ub098 \uace0\ub77c<\/em>&nbsp;\uccc9\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud638\ubc14\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc874\uacbd\ubc1b\ub294 \uac80\uc740 \uc131\ubaa8 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uc131\ud654\uac00 \ubcf4\uad00\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub9e4\ub144 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc3e\uc544\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uad50\ud669 \uc694\ud55c \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 2\uc138\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc \uc601\uc6c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1978\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2005\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, 2014\ub144 \uc2dc\uc131\uc2dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uadf8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc131\ub300\ud55c \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc774\ube0c \ub9cc\ucc2c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc804\ud1b5\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em>\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc774\ube0c<\/em>), \uc0dd\uc120 \uc694\ub9ac\uc640 \uace0\uae30 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc694\ub9ac 12\uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uace0, \uce90\ub7f4\uc744 \ubd80\ub974\uace0 \uc790\uc815 \ubbf8\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4dc\ub9ac\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub9c8\uc744\uacfc \ub3c4\uc2dc \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0\ub294 \uaf43\uc774\ub098 \ucd1b\ubd88\ub85c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub41c \uae38\uac00 \uc2e0\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub0a0\uc774\uba74 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb34\uba85 \uc6a9\uc0ac\ub098 \uc804\uc0ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb34\ub364\uc5d0 \ucd1b\ubd88\uc744 \ubc1d\ud788\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uae30\uc758 \ud770\uc0c9\uacfc \ube68\uac04\uc0c9\uc740 \uc911\uc138 \uc2dc\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uc628 \uad6d\uac00 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc778 \ubd89\uc740 \ubc29\ud328 \uc704\uc5d0 \ud770 \ub3c5\uc218\ub9ac\uac00 \uadf8\ub824\uc9c4 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uc0c9\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uae30(\ud770\uc0c9 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc5d0 \ubd89\uc740\uc0c9)\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uae30\uc640 \ub514\uc790\uc778\ub9cc \ubc18\uc804\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><cite>\uc7ac\ubc0c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \uc758\uc0ac\uc18c\ud1b5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4\ub294 \uc11c\uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c\uc5b4\ud30c \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c, \ub77c\ud2f4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uacfc \ud2b9\uc218 \ubb38\uc790(\u0142, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017a, \u017c, \u0107, \u0144, \u0105, \u200b\u200b\u0119)\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \ubc1c\uc74c\uacfc \ud600\ub97c \uaf2c\uc774\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc74c(\uc288\uccb4\ube0c\uc81c\uc2e0\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub824 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694)\uc740 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4,&nbsp;<em>\uc231\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4ec<\/em>&nbsp;(\u201ctsheh-byezh\u201d) \ub610\ub294&nbsp;<em>\uc6b0\uce58<\/em>&nbsp;(&#034;\uc6b0\ub4dc\uc9c0&#034;)\ub294 \uae30\ub9cc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4! \uc9c0\uc5ed \ubc29\uc5b8\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uba54\ub77c\ub2c8\uc544\uc758 \uce74\uc288\ube0c\uc5b4\uc640 \uc0c1\ubd80 \uc2e4\ub808\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc2e4\ub808\uc2dc\uc544\uc5b4 \ubc29\uc5b8\uc774 \uc788\uc8e0. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud45c\uc900 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4\uac00 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \ud1b5\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub300\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c1\uc124\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc194\uc9c1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c8\ubb38\uc740 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \uc644\uace1\uc5b4\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub098 \ub9e5\uc8fc\ub97c \uacc1\ub4e4\uc778 \ud478\uc9d0\ud55c \uac74\ubc30\ub97c \uc990\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<em>\uac74\ubc30!<\/em>&nbsp;(&#034;\uac74\uac15\uc744 \uc704\ud574!&#034;) \uc220\uc744 \ub9c8\uc2dc\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc678\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80 \ubb38\ud654\uad8c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac1c\uc778 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc881\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub0af\uc120 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \uce5c\uc808\ud558\uac8c \uace0\uac1c\ub97c \ub044\ub355\uc774\uba70 \uc778\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uaca9\uc2dd\uc744 \ucc28\ub9b0 \ud638\uce6d\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc5f0\uc7a5\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc77c\uc5b4\uc11c\uc11c \uc874\uc911\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc694\ub9ac: \ud53c\uc5d0\ub85c\uae30 \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \uaf2d \ub9db\ubd10\uc57c \ud560 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc694\ub9ac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uac00\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \ud478\uc9d0\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc774 \ud3b8\uc548\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uc74c\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc694\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\ud53c\uc5d0\ub85c\uae30:<\/strong>&nbsp;\uac10\uc790\uc640 \uce58\uc988, \ub2e4\uc9c4 \uace0\uae30, \uc0ac\uc6cc\ud06c\ub77c\uc6b0\ud2b8, \ubc84\uc12f\uc774\ub098 \uacfc\uc77c \ub4f1 \uc9ed\uc9e4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub2ec\ucf64\ud55c \uc18d\uc744 \ucc44\uc6cc \uc0b6\uac70\ub098 \ud280\uaca8 \uba39\ub294 \ub9cc\ub450. \uc601\uad6d \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc778\uae30 \uba54\ub274\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\ud5cc\ud130\uc2a4 \uc2a4\ud29c:<\/strong>&nbsp;\uc0ac\uc6cc\ud06c\ub77c\uc6b0\ud2b8(\ubc1c\ud6a8 \uc591\ubc30\ucd94)\uc640 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uace0\uae30(\ub3fc\uc9c0\uace0\uae30, \uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub0e5\uac10)\ub97c \ub123\uc5b4 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ud48d\ubbf8 \uc788\ub294 \ud5cc\ud130\uc2a4\ud29c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \ub053\uc5ec\uc11c \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc2a4\ubaa8\ud0a4\ud55c \ud48d\ubbf8\ub97c \ub354\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc0ac\uc6cc \ub77c\uc774 \uc218\ud504:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ubc1c\ud6a8 \ube75\uc73c\ub85c \uac78\ucb49\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2e0\ub9db \ud638\ubc00 \uc218\ud504. \uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc640 \uc0b6\uc740 \ub2ec\uac40\uc744 \uacc1\ub4e4\uc5ec \uba39\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ucf64\ub2ec\ucf64\ud558\uace0 \ub4e0\ub4e0\ud55c \uc804\ucc44 \uc694\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\ubcf4\ub974\uc2dc\uce58:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ube44\ud2b8\ub8e8\ud2b8 \uc218\ud504\ub294 \ub9d1\uace0 \ubd89\uc740\uc0c9\uc5d0 \ud759\ub0b4\uc74c\uc774 \ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc2dd \ubc14\ub974\uc288\uce58\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6cc\ud06c\ub9bc\uc774\ub098 \uc791\uc740 \ub9cc\ub450\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uacf5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em>\ub77c\ube44\uc62c\ub9ac<\/em>) \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\ube44\ub458\uae30:<\/strong>&nbsp;\uace0\uae30\uc640 \uc300\uc744 \ub123\uace0 \ud1a0\ub9c8\ud1a0 \uc18c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc6b4 \uc591\ubc30\ucd94 \ub864\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub294 \uc218\uc2ed \uac00\uc9c0 \uc885\ub958\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0, \ud6c8\uc81c\uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0, \ub9c8\ub298\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\uc870\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \uc591\ub150\ud55c \uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad7d\uac70\ub098 \uc870\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \uba39\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c\ub098 \uc27d\uac8c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc288\ub2c8\uccbc:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ube75\uac00\ub8e8\ub97c \uc785\ud78c \ub3c8\uae4c\uc2a4(\uc288\ub2c8\uccbc\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud568)\ub85c, \uc8fc\ub85c \uac10\uc790\uc640 \uc591\ubc30\ucd94 \uc0d0\ub7ec\ub4dc\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uacf5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc624\uc2a4\uce58\ud399:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud0c0\ud2b8\ub77c \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc758 \uc591\uc816\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2a4\ubaa8\ud0a4 \uce58\uc988\ub85c, \uc885\uc885 \uc804\ucc44\uc694\ub9ac\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uad6c\uc6cc\uc9c0\uac70\ub098 \ud06c\ub79c\ubca0\ub9ac \u200b\u200b\uc7bc\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uacf5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc0ac\uc6cc\ud06c\ub77c\uc6b0\ud2b8, \ud53c\ud074, \uccad\uc5b4, \uc591 \uace0\ucd94\ub0c9\uc774\uac00 \uc2dd\uc0ac\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uacf5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc778 \uc8fc\ube0c\ub8e8\ud504\uce74(\ub4e4\uc18c\ud480 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74)\ub098 \uc1fc\ud33d \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74(\ube14\ub80c\ub529 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74) \ud55c \uc794 \uc5c6\uc774\ub294 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc2dd\uc0ac\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uace0\uae09 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370 \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec\uc744 \ub290\ub08d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74(\ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub294 \uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798)\ub97c \ubc1c\uba85\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc790\ubd80\ud558\uba70, \ud638\ubc00, \ubc00, \uac10\uc790\ub85c \uc99d\ub958\ud558\uc5ec \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc704\ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74 \ub17c\uc7c1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uac15\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc99d\ub958\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub85d\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c0\uc801\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<em>\ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74<\/em>&nbsp;\uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c 8\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uacfc \uad81\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uace1\ubb3c \uc99d\ub958\uc8fc\ub97c \uc99d\ub958\ud588\uace0, 16\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub110\ub9ac \uc18c\ube44\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ub300 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74 \uc218\ucd9c\uad6d \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ud1b5 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub294 \uc54c\ucf54\uc62c \ub3c4\uc218\uac00 40~50%\uc774\uba70, \uac74\ubc30\ud560 \ub54c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub9c8\uc2ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub4e4\uc18c\ud480, \uafc0, \ubca0\ub9ac\ub958 \ub4f1\uc744 \ucca8\uac00\ud55c \ud5a5\uc774 \ub098\ub294 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub3c4 \uc778\uae30\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud734\uc77c \ubc0f \ucd95\uc81c \uc74c\uc2dd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uba85\uc808\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc2dd\uc774 \ube60\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc774\ube0c\uc5d0\ub294 \ube44\uae38\ub9ac\uc544(Wigilia) \uc800\ub141 \uc2dd\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uace0\uae30\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ubc14\ub974\uc288\uce58(barszcz)\uc5d0 \uc791\uc740 \ubc84\uc12f \ub9cc\ub450, \uc789\uc5b4\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0dd\uc120, \ud53c\uc5d0\ub85c\uae30(pierogi), \ucf5c\ub77c\uce58(kola\u010di, \ubc25\uacfc \uc591\uadc0\ube44 \uc528\uc557 \ub514\uc800\ud2b8)\ub97c \uacc1\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\ub298\uc5d0 \uccab \ubcc4\uc774 \ub728\uba74 \uac00\uc871\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6e8\uc774\ud37c(op\u0142atek)\ub97c \ub098\ub220 \uba39\uace0 \ucd95\ubcf5\uc744 \ub098\ub215\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ubd80\ud65c\uc808\uc5d0\ub294 \uc218\ud504\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uae34 \ud770 \uc18c\uc2dc\uc9c0, \ud0ac\ubc14\uc0ac, \ub9c8\uc8fc\ub809(\uacac\uacfc\ub958\ub098 \uacfc\uc77c\uc744 \uc5b9\uc740 \ub0a9\uc791\ud55c \uc1fc\ud2b8\ud06c\ub7ec\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc544\ubaac\ub4dc \ucf00\uc774\ud06c), \ubc14\ube0c\uce74(\ud6a8\ubaa8 \ucf00\uc774\ud06c)\uac00 \ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc5d0 \uac00\ub4dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \uc6d4\uc694\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e0\ub098\ub294 \ubb3c\uc2f8\uc6c0(\uc2dc\ubbf8\uad6c\uc2a4-\ub518\uad6c\uc2a4)\uc774 \ud3bc\uccd0\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc21c\uc808 \uc804 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ubaa9\uc694\uc77c\uc778 \ub6b1\ub6b1\ud55c \ubaa9\uc694\uc77c(\ud2b8\ub8e8\uc2a4\ud2f0 \uce20\ubc14\ub974\ud14c\ud06c)\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \ud401\uce20\ud0a4(\uc824\ub9ac \ub3c4\ub11b)\uc640 \ud30c\uc6cc\ub974\ud0a4(\uc288\uac00\ud30c\uc6b0\ub354\ub97c \ubfcc\ub9b0 \ubc14\uc0ad\ud55c \ud280\uae40)\ub97c \uc990\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad6c\uc6b4 \uace0\uae30, \uc0d0\ub7ec\ub4dc, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac74\ubc30(\ubcf4\ud1b5 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub098 \uc0f4\ud398\uc778)\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \ub9cc\ucc2c\uc774 \ud3bc\uccd0\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac74\ubc30\ub294 \uc2e0\ub791 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \uce6d\ucc2c\ud558\uace0 \uac74\uac15\uc744 \uae30\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud654\ub824\ud558\uac8c \uc9c4\ud589\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \ub9d0\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc&nbsp;<em>\uc0dd\uc77c \ucd95\ud558\ud574\uc694!<\/em>). \uc2dc\uace8 \uc218\ud655 \ucd95\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uace1\uc2dd \ub2e8\uc744 \ud654\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ee\uc5b4 \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub85c \ud589\uc9c4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd95\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub098\ub204\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ud658\ub300\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\uafbc \uc720\uba85\ud55c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ubc14\uafbc \ub9ce\uc740 \uc778\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc30\ucd9c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub2c8\ucf5c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ucf54\ud398\ub974\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4(1473~1543):<\/strong>\u00a0\ud0dc\uc591(\uc9c0\uad6c\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8)\uc774 \ud0dc\uc591\uacc4\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uacfc\ud559\uc5d0 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8 \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4 \ucc9c\ubb38\ud559\uc790.\u00a0<em>\ucc9c\uad6c\uc758 \ud68c\uc804\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec<\/em>\u00a0\ud604\ub300 \ucc9c\ubb38\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9c8\ub9ac \uc2a4\ud074\ub85c\ub3c4\ud504\uc2a4\uce74 \ud034\ub9ac(1867~1934):<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ud654\ud559\uc790\uc778 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ub77c\ub4d0\uacfc \ud3f4\ub85c\ub284\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uc5ec &#034;\ubc29\uc0ac\ub2a5&#034;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559(1903\ub144)\uacfc \ud654\ud559(1911\ub144)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1\uc744 \ub450 \ubc88\uc774\ub098 \uc218\uc0c1\ud55c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\uadf8\ub098\uce58 \ub8e8\uce74\uc2dc\uc5d0\ube44\uce20(1822-1882):<\/strong>\u00a0\ud604\ub300 \ub4f1\uc720 \ub7a8\ud504\ub97c \ubc1c\uba85\ud558\uc5ec \uc11d\uc720 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud55c \ud654\ud559\uc790\uc774\uc790 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub2c8\ucf5c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ucf54\ud398\ub974\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4<\/strong>\u00a0(\uc774\ubbf8 \uc5b8\uae09\ub428; \uc0c1\uae30\uc2dc\ud0b4).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc288\ud14c\ud310 \ubc14\ub098\ud750(1892\u20131945):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc218\ud559\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ud568\uc218 \ud574\uc11d\ud559\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ucc3d\uc2dc\uc790. \uadf8\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ud604\ub300 \uc218\ud559\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc288\ucf54 1\uc138\uc640 \uc6a9\uac10\ud55c \ubcfc\ub808\uc2a4\uc640\ud504:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \ud1b5\uc77c\ud558\uace0 \uc720\ub7fd \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\ub294 \uc911\uc138 \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\ub4e4(\ubc14\uc6b0\uccb8 \ud3c9\ud654\uc870\uc57d, 1018\ub144).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uace0\uc6ec\ube44\uc5d0\ud504\uc2a4\uce74-\ub8e8\uce74\uc2dc\uc5d0\ube44\uce20<\/strong>\u00a0(\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4 \ub9e5\ub77d \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc73c\ub2c8 \uac74\ub108\ub6f0\uc138\uc694).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9c8\ub809 \uce74\ubbfc\uc2a4\ud0a4:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud604\ub300\uc758 \ud0d0\ud5d8\uac00\ub85c, 1\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ubd81\uadf9\uacfc \ub0a8\uadf9\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud0d0\ud5d8\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc608\uc220\uac00\uc640 \uc791\uac00<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud504\ub808\ub370\ub9ac\ud06c \uc1fc\ud33d(1810-1849):<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \uadfc\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc1fc\ud33d\uc740 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \ub0ad\ub9cc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc791\uace1\uac00\uc774\uc790 \ud53c\uc544\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc911 \ud55c \uba85\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc5d0\ud280\ub4dc, \uc648\uce20, \uc57c\uc0c1\uace1\uc740 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ud53c\uc544\ub178 \ub808\ud37c\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc544\ub2f4 \ubbf8\uce20\ud0a4\uc5d0\ube44\uce20(1798-1855):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc\ub97c \uc4f4 \uad6d\ubbfc \uc2dc\uc778\u00a0<em>\ud310 \ud0c0\ub370\uc6b0\uc2a4<\/em>\u00a0(1834)\ub294 \uc61b \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \uc774\uc0c1\ud654\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uce20\ud0a4\uc5d0\ube44\uce58\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ubb38\ud559\uc758 \ucd08\uc11d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud5e8\ub9ac\ud06c \uc2dc\uc5d4\ud0a4\ube44\uce20(1846~1916):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc18c\uc124\uac00\ub294 1905\ub144\uc5d0 \ub178\ubca8 \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc18c\uc124(\uc608:\u00a0<em>\uc5b4\ub514 \uac00\uc138\uc694?<\/em>) \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uad6d\uc81c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc2a4\uc640\ubc14 \uc2ec\ubcf4\ub974\uc2a4\uce74(1923-2012):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc2dc\uc778\uc774\uc790 \uc218\ud544\uac00\uc774\uba70, 1996\ub144 \ub178\ubca8 \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc7ac\uce58 \uc788\uace0 \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\ub294 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc62c\uac00 \ud1a0\uce74\ub974\ucd94\ud06c(1962\ub144\uc0dd):<\/strong>\u00a0\ud604\ub300 \uc791\uac00, 2018\ub144 \ub178\ubca8 \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1, \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud601\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uc18c\uc124\ub85c \uc720\uba85\u00a0<em>\ud56d\uacf5\ud3b8<\/em>\u00a0\uc5ec\ud589, \uc815\uccb4\uc131, \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub85c\ub9cc \ud3f4\ub780\uc2a4\ud0a4(1933\ub144\uc0dd):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc624\uc2a4\uce74\uc0c1\uacfc \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uc740 \uc601\ud654 \uc81c\uc791\uc790(\uc608:\u00a0<em>\ud53c\uc544\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/em>). \ub17c\ub780\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc601\ud654(\uc608:\u00a0<em>\ubb3c \uc18d\uc758 \uce7c<\/em>) \uc601\ud654\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc548\uc81c\uc774 \ubc14\uc774\ub2e4(1926\u20132016):<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uba85\uc608 \uc624\uc2a4\uce74\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud55c \uc601\ud654 \uac10\ub3c5<em>\uc7ac\uc640 \ub2e4\uc774\uc544\ubaac\ub4dc<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\uce74\ud2f4<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub098 \uc580\ub2e4:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc720\uba85 \uc5ec\ubc30\uc6b0\uc774\uc790 \ubb38\ud654 \uc778\ubb3c(\u00a0<em>\ub300\ub9ac\uc11d\uc758 \ub0a8\uc790<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\ud53c\uc544\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc580 \ub9c8\ud14c\uc774\ucf54(1838\u20131893):<\/strong>\u00a0\ub300\ud615 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uce94\ubc84\uc2a4\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \ud654\uac00(\uc608:\u00a0<em>\uadf8\ub8ec\ubc1c\ud2b8 \uc804\ud22c<\/em>), \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uacfc\uac70 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc815\uce58 \ubc0f \uc885\uad50 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad50\ud669 \uc694\ud55c \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 2\uc138(1920~2005):<\/strong>\u00a0\uce74\ub864 \ubcf4\uc774\ud2f0\uc640\ub294 1978\ub144 \uad50\ud669\uc73c\ub85c \uc989\uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \ub0c9\uc804\uc758 \uae34\uc7a5\uc744 \uc644\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uce58\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uae30\ub97c \ubd81\ub3cb\uc6b0\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc218\uc2ed \ucc28\ub840 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \uc21c\ub840\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub808\ud750 \ubc1c\uc6ec\uc0ac(1943\ub144\uc0dd):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc870\uc120\uc18c \uc804\uae30 \uae30\uc220\uc790 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \ub178\uc870 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \ub41c \ubc1c\uc6ec\uc0ac\ub294 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ub178\ub3d9 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300(Solidarity)\ub97c \ucc3d\uc124\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1983\ub144 \ub178\ubca8 \ud3c9\ud654\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uace0, 1990\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1995\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \uc5ed\uc784\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc720\uc81c\ud504 \ud53c\uc6b0\uc218\ud2b8\uc2a4\ud0a4(1867-1935):<\/strong>\u00a0\uc874\uacbd\ubc1b\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uac00\uc600\ub358 \uadf8\ub294 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub3c5\ub9bd \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4 \uad6d\uac00\uc6d0\uc218\uc774\uc790 \uc804\uac04\uae30 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc18c\ub828\uad70\uc758 \uc9c4\uaca9\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ud55c 1920\ub144 \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \uc804\ud22c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ud718\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub2c8\uc2a4\uc640\ud504 \ubcf4\uc774\uce58\uc5d0\ud638\ud504\uc2a4\ud0a4(1869-1953):<\/strong>\u00a0\uaca9\ub3d9\uc758 \uc758\ud68c \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uac10\ub3c5\ud55c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839(1922~1926).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uce74\uc2dc\ubbf8\ub974 \ud480\ub77c\uc2a4\ud0a4(Casimir Pulaski)\uc640 \ud0c0\ub370\uc6b0\uc2dc \ucf54\uc2dc\uce58\uc6b0\uc288\ucf54(Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko):<\/strong>\u00a0\ubbf8\uad6d \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6e0\uace0 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc7a5\uad70\ub4e4(\ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\ub9ac\ub294 \uae30\ub150\ube44\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub85c\ubb34\uc54c\ub4dc \ud2b8\ub77c\uc6b0\uad6c\ud2b8:<\/strong>\u00a0\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uc5ec 1\uc6d4 \ubd09\uae30(1863)\ub97c \uc774\ub048 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \uc21c\uad50\uc790.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc \uc57c\uc0dd \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc57c\uc0dd \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc740 \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd81\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \ube59\ud558\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud615\uc131\ub41c 2,000\uac1c\uc758 \ud638\uc218\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ub9ac\uc548 \ud638\uc218 \uc9c0\uad6c\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 114km\u00b2\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ub2c8\uc544\ub974\ub4dc\ube44 \ud638\uc218\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ud638\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc1c\ud2b8\ud574 \uc5f0\uc548 \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub798 \uc5b8\ub355\uacfc \uc2b5\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc2ac\ub85c\ube48\uc2a4\ud0a4 \uad6d\ub9bd\uacf5\uc6d0\uc5d0\ub294 &#034;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ud558\ub77c&#034;\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ubaa8\ub798 \uc5b8\ub355\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub3d9\ucabd\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790 \uc232\uc740 \ud55c\ub54c \uc720\ub7fd \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ud3bc\uccd0\uc838 \uc788\ub358 \uc6d0\uc2dc \uc628\ub300\ub9bc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \uc721\uc0c1 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc778 \uc720\ub7fd\ub4e4\uc18c(\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4: \u017cubr)\uac00 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub4e4\uc18c\ub294 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \uc57c\uc0dd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac70\uc758 \uba78\uc885\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0b4\uc544\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc88\uc2dd \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uacfc \uc57c\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\ub3cc\ub9ac\ub294 \ub178\ub825 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc57d 7,000\ub9c8\ub9ac \uc911 1,000\ub9c8\ub9ac\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \uc57c\uc0dd \ub4e4\uc18c\uac00 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub4e4\uc18c \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc720\ub7fd\uc0b0 \uc5d8\ud06c(\ubb34\uc2a4), \uc0ac\uc2b4, \uba67\ub3fc\uc9c0, \ub291\ub300, \uc2a4\ub77c\uc18c\ub2c8 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub0a8\ucabd\uc758 \ud0c0\ud2b8\ub77c \uc0b0\ub9e5(2,499m\uc758 \ub9ac\uc2dc \uc0b0)\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc0b0 \ucd08\uc6d0\uacfc \ubc14\uc704 \ubd09\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0c0\ud2b8\ub77c \uc0e4\ubb34\uc544(\uc0b0\uc591\uacfc \uc601\uc591\uc758 \uc77c\uc885)\uac00 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uba4b\uacfc \uac80\ub3c5\uc218\ub9ac\ub3c4 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc88\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790(Bia\u0142owie\u017ca)\uc758 \uc800\uc9c0\ub300 \uc232\ubd80\ud130 \ube44\uc5d0\uc288\ucc28\ub514(Bieszczady) \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc758 \uace0\uc9c0\ub300 \ucd08\uc6d0\uae4c\uc9c0 23\uac1c\uc758 \uad6d\ub9bd\uacf5\uc6d0\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud669\uc0c8, \ub291\ub300, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc11c\uc2dd\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubcf4\uc874 \uc131\uacf5 \uc0ac\ub840<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uac70\uc758 \ubd95\uad34 \uc9c1\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac14\ub358 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc57c\uc0dd \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1952\ub144, \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \uac1c\uccb4\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc721\ub418\ub358 \uc720\ub7fd\ub4e4\uc18c\uac00 \ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790 \uc232\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc720\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2025\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub4e4\uc18c \uac1c\uccb4 \uc218\uac00 \uae30\ub85d\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uce58(\ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc218\ubc31 \ub9c8\ub9ac)\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud558\uba70 1919\ub144 \uc57c\uc0dd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\ub358 \ub4e4\uc18c\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0b4\uc544\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub291\ub300 \ub610\ud55c \uac1c\uccb4 \uc218\uac00 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1998\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544 \ud604\uc7ac \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc232\uc5d0\ub294 \uc57d 2,000\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc758 \ub291\ub300\uac00 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ub54c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uba78\uc885\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \ubd88\uacf0\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \uc790\uc5f0 \uc774\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uce74\ub974\ud30c\ud2f0\uc544 \uc0b0\ub9e5\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc0bc\ub9bc \uba74\uc801\uc740 \uc57d 30%\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc232 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9 \ud1b5\ub85c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uc608: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc640 \uc2ac\ub85c\ubc14\ud0a4\uc544 \uc0b0\ub9e5 \uc0ac\uc774). \uc870\ub958\ub3c4 \ud48d\ubd80\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2b5\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub450\ub8e8\ubbf8, \uc65c\uac00\ub9ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud76c\uadc0 \uc218\uc0dd \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\uc2dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ucca0\uc0c8\uc778 \ud669\uc0c8\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0 \ub465\uc9c0\ub97c \ud2c0\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ud0d1\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\uc704\uc13c\ud2b8(\uc720\ub7fd\ub4e4\uc18c)\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uad6d\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc721\uc911\ud558\uace0 \ud138\uc774 \ubcf5\uc2ac\ubcf5\uc2ac\ud55c \uc774 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \ubd88\uad74\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><cite>\uc790\uc5f0 \ud604\uc0c1<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud604\ub300 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc: \uacbd\uc81c, \uad50\uc721, \ud601\uc2e0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc6b0\uc218\uc131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uc774 \ubb34\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ub418\uba70 \ub192\uc740 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacfc EU \ud68c\uc6d0\uad6d \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd08\ub4f1\ubd80\ud130 \ub300\ud559\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacf5\ub9bd\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubb34\ub8cc\ub85c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \ub300\ud559 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504\uc758 \uc57c\uae30\uc5d8\ub860\uc2a4\ud0a4 \ub300\ud559\uad50(1364\ub144 \uc124\ub9bd)\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud558\uac8c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub808\uae30\uc6c0 \ub9c8\uc774\uc6b0\uc2a4(Collegium Maius)\ub77c\ub294 \uac74\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uc138 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc720\ubb3c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc804\uacf5 \ubd84\uc57c\ub97c \uac00\ub974\uce58\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub9ce\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uace0\ub4f1 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\ud574\uc728\uc740 \uac70\uc758 100%\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6d\uc81c \uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ub300\ud559\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 \uacfc\ud559, \uc758\ud559, \uae30\uc220 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub192\uc740 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uc720\ud559\uc0dd \uc720\uce58\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc815\ubd80 \uc7a5\ud559\uae08\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uacbd\uc81c \uac1c\ubc1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc120\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uacbd\uc81c \uad6d\uac00\ub85c, \uba85\ubaa9 GDP \uae30\uc900 EU\uc5d0\uc11c 6\ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ud070 \uaddc\ubaa8\ub97c \uc790\ub791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2024\ub144 GDP\ub294 \uc57d 1\uc870 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2004\ub144 EU\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uace0 2007\ub144 \uc185\uac90 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uac00\uc785\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc778\ud504\ub77c \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacfc \uc790\uae08\uc774 \uac1c\ubc29\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \uc81c\uc870(\ud53c\uc544\ud2b8, \uc624\ud3a0, \ub3c4\uc694\ud0c0 \uacf5\uc7a5)\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc774\uba70, \uc804\uc790\uc81c\ud488\uacfc \uac00\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc870\uc120 \ubc0f \uc11d\ud0c4 \ucc44\uad74 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc720\uba85\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub294 \uc7ac\uc0dd \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\ub294 \uae08\uc735 \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3ec\ube0c\uc2a4 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c 2000\ub300 \uae30\uc5c5 \uc911 \uac70\uc758 8\uac1c\uac00 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uae30\uc5c5(\uc740\ud589, \uc11d\uc720, \ud1b5\uc2e0)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\uade0 \uc18c\ub4dd\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub192\uc740 \uc0dd\ud65c \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uc778\uac04\uac1c\ubc1c\uc9c0\uc218 35\uc704). \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud61c\ud0dd \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \ubb34\ub8cc \uacf5\ub9bd \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uae30\uc220\uacfc \ud601\uc2e0 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ub450\uac01\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc5d0 \ubcf8\uc0ac\ub97c \ub454 CD \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub294 \uc704\uccd0 \ube44\ub514\uc624 \uac8c\uc784 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988\uc640 \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84\ud391\ud06c 2077\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504\uc640 \ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504 \uac19\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 IT \uc544\uc6c3\uc18c\uc2f1\uacfc \uc2a4\ud0c0\ud2b8\uc5c5\uc774 \ud638\ud669\uc744 \ub204\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \ud601\uc2e0 \uc9c0\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c \uafb8\uc900\ud788 \uc0c1\uc704 40\uc704\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20 \ubc0f \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uc815\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucd95\uad6c\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc778\uae30\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uac00\ub300\ud45c\ud300\uc740 1974\ub144\uacfc 1982\ub144 \uc6d4\ub4dc\ucef5 \uc900\uacb0\uc2b9, 2018\ub144 8\uac15 \uc9c4\ucd9c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub208\ubd80\uc2e0 \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4 \uc911 \ud55c \uba85\uc778 \ub85c\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8 \ub808\ubc18\ub3c4\ud504\uc2a4\ud0a4\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc30\uad6c \ub610\ud55c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc5f4\uc815 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 2014\ub144\uacfc 2018\ub144 \uc6d4\ub4dc\ucef5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\uc2b9\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc774 \uacbd\uc8fc\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub984 \uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uad00\uc911\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ubaa8\uc74d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uaca8\uc6b8 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ubc1c\ud558\uac8c \uc9c4\ud589\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub2f4 \ub9d0\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc640 \uce74\ubc00 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ud750 \uac19\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud0a4\uc810\ud504 \uc120\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc120\uc218\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc62c\ub9bc\ud53d \uc810\ud504 \uc885\ubaa9\uc5d0\uc11c \uae08\uba54\ub2ec\uc744 \ub530\ub0b4\uba70 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2a4\ud0a4\uc810\ud504 \uac15\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc601\ud654\uc640 \uc74c\uc545\uacc4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\ud5a5\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc548\uc81c\uc774 \ubc14\uc774\ub2e4\uc640 \uc544\uadf8\ub2c8\uc5d0\uc2a4\uce74 \ud640\ub780\ub4dc \uac10\ub3c5\uc740 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ucc2c\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\ud654&nbsp;<em>\uc544\uc774\ub2e4<\/em>&nbsp;(2013) \ubc0f&nbsp;<em>\ub0c9\uc804<\/em>&nbsp;(2018)\uc740 \uc544\uce74\ub370\ubbf8 \uc678\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc601\ud654\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc27c\ubcf4\ub974\uc2a4\uce74\uc640 \ud1a0\uce74\ub974\ucd94\ud06c \uac19\uc740 \ub178\ubca8 \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\uc790\uce35\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\uc911\ubb38\ud654\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 19\uc138\uae30 \uc791\uace1\uac00 \uacb8 \uc5f0\uc8fc\uc790 \uc1fc\ud33d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc74c\uc545\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud604\ub300 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc1fc\ud33d\uc758 \ud53c\uc544\ub178 \ud611\uc8fc\uace1\uc740 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc624\ucf00\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uc8fc\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ucd95\uc81c\ub294 \ud48d\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub144 \uc5ec\ub984 \uc218\ubc31 \uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc720\ub7fd \ucd5c\ub300 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \ubb34\ub8cc \ub85d \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\ubc8c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \uc6b0\ub4dc\uc2a4\ud0c1 \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\ubc8c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc(\ud604\uc7ac\ub294 &#034;\ud3f4\uc564\ub4dc\ub85d&#034;)\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504 \ub77c\uc774\ucf54\ub2c9 \ud589\ub82c\uc774\ub098 \ube44\uc548\ud0a4(\ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504\uc758 \ud55c\uc5ec\ub984 \ud654\ud658 \ucd95\uc81c)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubbfc\uc18d \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 \ub418\uc0b4\uc544\ub098\uba70, \uc61b\uac83\uacfc \uc0c8\uac83\uc774 \uc870\ud654\ub97c \uc774\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uac74\ucd95\uacfc \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1\uc758 \uacbd\uc774\ub85c\uc6c0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc911\uc138 \uac78\uc791\ub4e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uac74\ucd95 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc720\uad6c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \ub9d0\ubcf4\ub974\ud06c \uc131\uc740 \uc911\uc138 \uad70\uc0ac \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504\uc758 \ubc14\ubca8 \uc131\uacfc \ub300\uc131\ub2f9\uc740 \uc655\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\uad00\uc2dd \uc7a5\uc18c\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0dc\ud53c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc640 \uc655\uc2e4\uc758 \ubc29\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud55c \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub2c8\uc5d0\uc988\ub178\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ub300\uc131\ub2f9\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\ub294 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc655\ub4e4\uc774 \uc548\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uace0\ub515 \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \ubcbd\ub3cc \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub2e8\uc2a4\ud06c\uc758 \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \uc131\ubaa8 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub300\uc131\ub2f9\uacfc \uc57c\ubcf4\ub974\uc758 \uace0\uc694\ud55c \ud3c9\ud654 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \ucc9c\uc7a5\uacfc \uc870\uac01\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc988\ub09c\uacfc \ud1a0\ub8ec\uc758 \uc911\uc138 \uc2dc\uccad\uc0ac\ub3c4 \uc798 \ubcf4\uc874\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uccad\uc0ac(\ub77c\ud22c\uc2dc)\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \uacc4\ub2e8\uc2dd \ubc15\uacf5 \uace0\ub515 \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \uacbd\uc774\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc694\uc0c8 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc794\ud574\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\ub824\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0b0\ub3c4\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc2dc\uc640 \uc790\ubaa8\uc2dc\uce58\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubc29\uc5b4\uc6a9 \uc131\ubcbd\uacfc \ubb38\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud0c0\ub974\ub178\ud504\uc2a4\ud0a4\uc5d0 \uace0\ub9ac \uc9c0\ud558\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504\uc758 \uc911\uc138 \uc81c\uc5fc\uc18c\uc640 \uad11\uc0b0\uc740 \ucd08\uae30 \ud1a0\ubaa9 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\ub294 100\uac1c\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ud654\ub824\ud55c \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4\ud48d \ubc14\ub77c\ub204\ud504 \uc0b0\ub3c4\ubbf8\uc5d0\ub974\uc2a4\ud0a4\ubd80\ud130 \uc950\ub77c\uae30 \uc554\ubcbd \ud2b8\ub808\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\ud654 \uc18d \uc720\uc801 \uc624\uadf8\ub85c\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub2c8\uc5d0\uce20\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud604\ub300 \uac74\ucd95\uc758 \uc131\uacfc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc758 \uc2a4\uce74\uc774\ub77c\uc778\uc740 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub825\uacfc \ud604\ub300\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \ud6c4 \ud3d0\ud5c8\uac00 \ub41c \uad6c\uc2dc\uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcbd\ub3cc \ud558\ub098\ud558\ub098 \uc815\uc131\uaecf \uc7ac\uac74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0\ub294 1950\ub144\ub300 \uc18c\ub828\uc774 &#034;\uae30\uc99d&#034;\ud55c \uc2a4\ud0c8\ub9b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \ub9c8\ucc9c\ub8e8\uc778 \ubb38\ud654\uacfc\ud559\uad81\uc804\uc774 \uc6b0\ub69d \uc19f\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub17c\ub780\uc758 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \uadf9\uc7a5, \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00, \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \uc788\ub294 \ub79c\ub4dc\ub9c8\ud06c\uc774\uc790 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uac74\ubb3c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ucd5c\uadfc \uba87 \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc758 \ubc14\ub974\uc18c \ud0c0\uc6cc(237m)\ub294 2022\ub144 EU\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uac74\ubb3c\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\uc758 \ubcfc\ub77c(Wola)\uc640 \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504\uc758 \ud558\uc7742(High2) \ubcf5\ud569\ub2e8\uc9c0\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \ubbf8\ub798\uc9c0\ud5a5\uc801\uc778 \uc720\ub9ac \uc624\ud53c\uc2a4 \ud0c0\uc6cc\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uad50\ub7c9(\uc608: \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \ube44\uc2a4\ud234\ub77c \uac15 \uc704\uc758 \uc2dc\ube44\uc5e5\ud1a0\ud06c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud0a4 \ub2e4\ub9ac)\uacfc \ud0dc\uc591\uad11 \ubc1c\uc804 \uc2dc\uc124\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uacf5\uacf5 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ud55c \uc778\uc0c1\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uace0\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c\ub9dd\uc740 2000\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. A1 \uace0\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c\ub294 \ubd81\ucabd(\uadf8\ub2e8\uc2a4\ud06c)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0a8\ucabd(\uccb4\ucf54 \uad6d\uacbd)\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ub178\ub974\uc6e8\uc774 \uc720\uc804\uacfc \ub374\ub9c8\ud06c\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud574\uc800 \ucc9c\uc5f0\uac00\uc2a4 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub77c\uc778\uc778 \ubc1c\ud2f1 \ud30c\uc774\ud504(Baltic Pipe)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc548\ubcf4\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(2022\ub144 \uc644\uacf5 \uc608\uc815).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc11c\ubd80\uc758 \uc2a4\ube44\ubcf4\uc9c4 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0\ub294 \ub192\uc774 33m(3m \uae08\uad00 \ud3ec\ud568)\uc758 \uc608\uc218\uc0c1\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\uccb4 \ub192\uc774\ub294 52.5m\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2010\ub144\uc5d0 \uacf5\uac1c\ub41c \uc774 \uc0c1\uc740 \ud55c\ub54c \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc608\uc218\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub124\uc2a4\ubd81\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><cite>\uc54c\uace0 \uacc4\uc168\ub098\uc694?<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc744 \ub180\ub77c\uac8c \ud560 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\ubc1c\ud55c \uc7a1\ud559 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub9e4\ub144 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0\ub294 &#039;\ub098 \ud640\ub85c \uc9d1\uc5d0&#039;\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong>\u00a01990\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uc9c0\ucf1c\ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0<em>\ucf00\ube48, \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ud640\ub85c<\/em>\u00a0(<em>\ud63c\uc790 \uc9d1\uc5d0<\/em>) \ub9e4\ub144 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc774\ube0c\uc5d0 TV\uc5d0 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a5\ub09c\uae30 \ub118\uce58\ub294 \uc5ec\ub35f \uc0b4\uc9dc\ub9ac \uc544\uc774\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ucd95\uc81c\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub178\ubca8\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790 18\uba85:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uc640 \uc791\uac00\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559, \ud654\ud559, \ud3c9\ud654, \ubb38\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1\uc744 18\uac1c\ub098 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ub9c8\ub9ac \ud034\ub9ac\ub294 \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1\uc744 \ub450 \ubc88\uc774\ub098 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4). \uc911\uac04 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ucd5c\ucd08\uc640 \uae30\ub85d:<\/strong>\u00a01791\ub144 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \uadfc\ub300 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \uacf5\uace0\ud788 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 1866\ub144 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub044\ub294 \uc804\ucc28\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud55c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc(\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14)\ub97c \ubcf4\uc720\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144 8\uc6d4 31\uc77c, \ubc1c\uc6ec\uc0ac\uac00 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud55c \uadf8\ub2e8\uc2a4\ud06c \uc870\uc120\uc18c \ud30c\uc5c5\uc740 \uc18c\ub828\uad8c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uacb0\uc131\uc744 \ucd09\ubc1c\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\uc758 \uc804\uc870\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\ub984\uc758 \ub0a0:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc55e\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc7ac\ubc0c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \ud558\ub098 \uc54c\ub824\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc790\uba74, \uc774\ub984\uc774 \uc778\uae30 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74(\uc608: \uc580, \uc548\ub098) \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub0a0\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uadf8 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub984\uc774 \ubcf5\ud569\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub0a0\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc5b8\uc5b4\uc801 \uc774\uc0c1\uc131:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uae34 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0<em>999\uac1c \uad6d\uc801<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 &#034;999\uac1c \uad6d\uc801&#034;\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud600 \uaf2c\uc774\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub450 \uac1c \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc790\uc74c \uad70\uc9d1(\uc608:\u00a0<em>\uc78e<\/em>(\ud480\uc78e\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b)\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc2dc\ud5d8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ucde8\ubbf8:<\/strong>\u00a0\ub9ce\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc591\ubd09\uacfc \uacfc\uc218\uc6d0 \uac00\uafb8\uae30\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc0ac\uacfc \uc0dd\uc0b0\uad6d \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub808\ub4dc \ub51c\ub9ac\uc154\uc2a4\uc640 \uac08\ub77c \uc0ac\uacfc\uac00 \uc720\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacfc\ud559 \ubc0f \uac8c\uc784:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc29\ud0c4\uc870\ub07c\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4 \uce74\uc9c0\ubbf8\ub974 \uc81c\uae00\ub80c\uc774 \uac1c\ucc99\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ud310\ud0c0\uc9c0 \uc791\uac00\uc758 \uc6d0\uc791\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc704\uccd0 \ube44\ub514\uc624 \uac8c\uc784 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988\uac00 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubca0\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc140\ub7ec\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uba70 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ud154\ub9c1\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \ub4dc\ub192\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uae30\ub85d\uacfc \ucd5c\uc0c1\uae09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc131:<\/strong>\u00a0\ub9d0\ubcf4\ub974\ud06c \uc131\uc740 52\uc5d0\uc774\ucee4\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uba70, \uc721\uc9c0 \uba74\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc131 \ub2e8\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc720\ub85c\ud654\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc778\uad6c\uac00 \ub9ce\uc740 EU \uad6d\uac00:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc720\ub85c \ud1b5\ud654\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 EU\uc5d0\uc11c \ub374\ub9c8\ud06c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba70 \uc990\ub85c\ud2f0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \ub300\ud559:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc57c\uae30\uc5d8\ub860\uc2a4\ud0a4 \ub300\ud559\uad50\ub294 \uc911\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \uc624\ub798\ub41c \ub300\ud559\uad50\ub85c(\ud504\ub77c\ud558 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c) 14\uc138\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc5d0\ub77c\uc2a4\ubb34\uc2a4, \ucf54\ud398\ub974\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4 \ub4f1 \uc720\uba85 \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc785\ud559\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc218:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc31\uc138\uc778\uc758 \ub178\ub798\u00a0<em>\uc0dd\uc77c \ucd95\ud558\ud574\uc694<\/em>\u00a0\ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c\uac00 &#034;100\ub144&#034;\uc744 \uc0b4\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub77c\uba70, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc218\uba85\uc740 78\uc138\ub97c \ub118\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub300\uc911 \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \ud604\ub300 \uc0dd\ud65c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud604\ub300 \ubb38\ud654\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uacfc \ucd5c\ucca8\ub2e8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \uc870\ud654\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc601\ud654 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc740&nbsp;<em>\uc544\uc774\ub2e4<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\ub0c9\uc804<\/em>&nbsp;\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0&nbsp;<em>\uc704\uccd0<\/em>&nbsp;TV \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988(\uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud638\ud3c9). \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc74c\uc545\uc740 \ubbfc\uc18d \uc74c\uc545(\ud65c\uae30\ucc2c)\ubd80\ud130&nbsp;<em>\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \ube4c\ub9ac\uc9c0 \ubc34\ub4dc<\/em>&nbsp;\uc559\uc0c1\ube14)\ubd80\ud130 \ub304\uc2a4 \ud31d \uc5f4\ud48d(\ub9c8\uac00\ub81b \uac19\uc740)\uacfc \uc720\uba85 \ud074\ub798\uc2dd \uc791\uace1\uac00\ub4e4(\uc1fc\ud33d\uc740 10\ub144\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud53c\uc544\ub178 \ucf69\ucfe0\ub974\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc57d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4)\uae4c\uc9c0. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ub137 \ubc0f \uac8c\uc784 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc740 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 e\uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20, \uac8c\uc784 \uac1c\ubc1c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub192\uc740 \uc21c\uc704\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc720\ud29c\ube0c \ud06c\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc774\ud130 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0(\uc608: \uac8c\uc784 \ud574\uc124 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc778 \uc9d0\ud37c)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud658\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc720\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uc218\uc81c \ucf64\ud3ec\ud2b8(\ub2ec\ucf64\ud558\uac8c \ub053\uc778 \uacfc\uc77c \uc74c\ub8cc)\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ubc1b\uac70\ub098 \uac74\ubc30\uc5d0 \ucd08\ub300\ubc1b\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ub0af\uc120 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \uc885\uc885 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<em>\uc88b\uc740 \uc544\uce68\uc774\uc5d0\uc694<\/em>&nbsp;(&#034;\uc88b\uc740 \ud558\ub8e8 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc138\uc694&#034;) \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uace0\ub4f1 \uad50\uc721\uc740 \uad6d\ub0b4 \ubc0f EU \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb34\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ub418\uc5b4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc3e\uc544\ubcf4\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \uc218\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc758\ud559\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\ud559 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc804\uacf5\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc678 \uc720\ud559\uc744 \ub2e4\ub140\uc628 \ud6c4, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc804\ubb38 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc313\uace0 \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><cite>\ud604\ub300 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc801 \uc720\uc0b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1791\ub144, \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d\uc758 \uc704\ud611 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uac1c\ud601\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 1791\ub144 5\uc6d4 3\uc77c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uc815\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc804\ub840 \uc5c6\ub294 \uad8c\ub825\ubd84\ub9bd\uacfc \uc758\ud68c \ub2e4\uc218\uacb0 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ub85d \ucd5c\uc885 \ubd84\ud560\uae4c\uc9c0 1\ub144\ub3c4 \ucc44 \ub0a8\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uadfc\ub300 \ucd08\uae30 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \ud655\ub9bd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc218\uc2ed \ub144\uac04\uc758 \uc678\uc138 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc640 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\ud6c4, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 1997\ub144 \uc0c8 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uc815\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc740 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839, \ucd1d\ub9ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc591\uc6d0\uc81c \uc758\ud68c(\uc138\uc784\uacfc \uc0c1\uc6d0)\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uadfc\ub300 \ubbfc\uc8fc \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc740 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc801 \uc790\uc720, \uc790\uc720 \uc120\uac70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc0ac\ubc95\ubd80\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1989\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad8c\ub825 \uc774\uc591, \ub2e4\ub2f9\uc81c \uc120\uac70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc774 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2004\ub144 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 EU\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uce58\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\uace0 \uc815\uce58 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ub354\uc6b1 \uc548\uc815\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbfc \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \uc5b8\ub860\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc758\ud68c \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uaca9\ubcc0\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640\ub294 \uadf9\uba85\ud55c \ub300\uc870\ub97c \uc774\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc5ec\ud589 \ud301: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uacbd\uc774\ub85c\uc6c0\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uc138\uc694<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uaf2d \ubc29\ubb38\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc911\uc138 \ubcf4\uc11d. \ub4dc\ub113\uc740 \uc911\uc559 \uad11\uc7a5, \uc131\ubaa8 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub300\uc131\ub2f9(\uc78a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud3ab \ud5e4\uc774\ub098\uc6b0(hejna\u0142) \uc18c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uadc0 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc138\uc694), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uace0\ub515 \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \ubc14\ubca8 \uc131\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uce74\uc9c0\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc2dc \uc720\ub300\uc778 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \uc881\uc740 \uace8\ubaa9\uae38\uc744 \uac70\ub2d0\uac70\ub098 \uadfc\ucc98 \ube44\uc5d8\ub9ac\uce58\uce74 \uc18c\uae08 \uad11\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub0b4\ub824\uac00 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud68c\ubcf5\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0dd\uc0dd\ud55c \uad50\ud6c8. \uc1fc\ud33d \uae30\ub150\ube44\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc655\ub9bd \ub77c\uc9c0\uc5d4\ud0a4 \uacf5\uc6d0\uc744 \uc0b0\ucc45\ud558\uace0, \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc7ac\uac74\ub41c \uad6c\uc2dc\uac00\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uad11\uc7a5\uc744 \uad6c\uacbd\ud558\uc138\uc694.\u00a0<em>\ud3f4\ub9b0 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00<\/em>\u00a0\uc61b \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14 \uac8c\ud1a0 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uc774 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ubc14\ub974\uc0e4\ubc14\ub294 \ub808\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub791\uacfc \ud604\ub300 \ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ub208\ubd80\uc2dc\uac8c \ube5b\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc624\ub370\ub974 \uac15\uc5d0 \uc790\ub9ac\ud55c \uc12c\uacfc \ub2e4\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub9e4\ub825\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc2dc, \ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504. \ub2e4\ucc44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0c9\uae54\uc758 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uad11\uc7a5\uacfc \ub300\uc131\ub2f9 \uc12c(\uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud504 \ud23c\uc2a4\ud0a4)\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 \ub208\uae38\uc744 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub85c\uce20\uc640\ud504\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0 \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 300\uac1c\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \uccad\ub3d9 \ub09c\uc7c1\uc774 \uc778\ud615\ub4e4\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc720\uba85\ud55c\ub370, \ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc7ac\ubbf8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub07d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uadf8\ub2e8\uc2a4\ud06c:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc1c\ud2b8\ud574\uc758 \ud56d\uad6c \ub3c4\uc2dc. \ub871 \ub9c8\ucf13\uacfc \ub135\ud2a0 \ubd84\uc218\ub294 \ud55c\uc790 \ub3d9\ub9f9 \uc2dc\uc808\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub9ac\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\ub7fd \uc5f0\ub300 \uc13c\ud130\ub294 1980\ub144\ub300 \ud30c\uc5c5 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uadfc\uc758 \ud574\ubcc0 \ud734\uc591\uc9c0 \uc18c\ud3ec\ud2b8\uc640 \uc2e0\ube44\ub86d\uac8c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ubaa8\ub798 \uc5b8\ub355\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ud574\uc548 \uc232\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \ub098\ub4e4\uc774\ub97c \ucd94\ucc9c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc790\ucf54\ud30c\ub124\uc640 \ud0c0\ud2b8\ub77c \uc0b0\ub9e5:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uaca8\uc6b8 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20 \uc218\ub3c4. \ud0c0\ud2b8\ub77c \uad6d\ub9bd\uacf5\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\uc774\ud0b9\uc744 \uc990\uae30\uac70\ub098 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uce74\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 \uce74\uc2a4\ud504\ub85c\ube44 \ube44\uc5d0\ub974\ud788\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc62c\ub77c\uac00 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uaca8\uc6b8\uc5d0\ub294 \ubcc4\ube5b \uac00\ub4dd\ud55c \uc0b0 \ud558\ub298 \uc544\ub798 \uc2a4\ud0a4 \uc2ac\ub85c\ud504\uc640 \ud654\ub355\uc774 \uc5b4\uc6b0\ub7ec\uc838 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud48d\uacbd\uc744 \uc120\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub974\uc2a4\ud0a4\uc5d0 \uc624\ucf54 \ud638\uc218 \ud2b8\ub808\ud0b9\ub3c4 \ub193\uce58\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790 \uc232:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc57c\uc0dd\uc758 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5d0 \ud479 \ube60\uc838\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\uc640 \ud568\uaed8\ud558\ub294 \uc0b0\ucc45\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc57c\uc0dd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub7fd\ub4e4\uc18c \ub5bc\ub97c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc232\uc740 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc790\uc544\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9c8\uc8fc\ub9ac\uc548 \ud638\uc218:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubcf4\ud2b8\uc640 \uce74\uc57d \ud0c0\uae30\uc5d0 \uc548\uc131\ub9de\ucda4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2,000\uac1c\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \ud638\uc218 \uc0ac\uc774\ub97c \uc720\ub78c\ud558\uba70 \ucd08\uac00\uc9d1\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uace0\ud48d\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub9c8\uc744\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ud638\uc218\uc778 \uc2a4\ub2c8\uc544\ub974\ub4dc\ube44\ub294 \uc138\uc77c\ub9c1\uc5d0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud1a0\ub8ec:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc790\uac08\uae38\uacfc \uc9c4\uc800\ube0c\ub808\ub4dc \ud5a5. \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc911\uc138 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub294 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc9c4\uc800\ube0c\ub808\ub4dc\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0<em>\uc9c4\uc800\ube0c\ub808\ub4dc<\/em>\u00a0(\uc9c4\uc800\ube0c\ub808\ub4dc).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uce7c\ubc14\ub9ac\uc544 \uc81c\ube0c\ub974\uc9c0\ub3c4\ud504\uc2a4\uce74:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc5b8\ub355 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc608\ubc30\ub2f9\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc21c\ub840 \uacf5\uc6d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc21c\ub840\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \ud589\uc9c4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc5d8\ub9ac\uce58\uce74 \uc18c\uae08 \uad11\uc0b0:<\/strong>\u00a0\uac00\uc774\ub4dc \ud22c\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c0\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\uc778\ud2b8 \ud0b9\uac00 \uc608\ubc30\ub2f9\uc744 \uad6c\uacbd\ud558\uc138\uc694. \uc18c\uae08\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \uc870\uac01\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc18c\uae08 \uacb0\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc0f9\ub4e4\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \uba85\uc18c\ub85c\ub294 \uce74\uc9c0\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc2dc \ub3cc\ub2c8(\ube44\uc2a4\ud234\ub77c \uac15\uc758 \uc804\ub9dd\uacfc \uc608\uc220 \ub9c8\uc744), \uc62c\uc288\ud2f4 \uc131\uc758 \ud3d0\ud5c8, \uc6b0\uce58\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc5ed\uc0ac(\ud65c\uae30\ucc2c \ud53c\uc624\ud2b8\ub974\ucf54\ud504\uc2a4\uce74 \uac70\ub9ac\uc640 \uc6b0\uce58 \uc601\ud654 \ud559\uad50) \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubb38\ud654 \uc5d0\ud2f0\ucf13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc608\uc758 \ubc14\ub974\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc874\uc911\uc744 \uc18c\uc911\ud788 \uc5ec\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ud301:<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc778\uc0ac\ub9d0:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ub0a8\uc131\uc740 \uac15\ud55c \uc545\uc218\uc640 \ub208\ub9de\ucda4\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5ec\uc131\uc740 \uace0\uac1c\ub97c \ub044\ub355\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ub354 \ubd80\ub4dc\ub7fd\uac8c \uc545\uc218\ub97c \ud574\ub3c4 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc810\uc774\ub098 \ubaa8\uc784\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac08 \ub54c\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud558\uc138\uc694.&nbsp;<em>\uc88b\uc740 \uc544\uce68\uc774\uc5d0\uc694<\/em>&nbsp;(&#034;\uc88b\uc740 \ud558\ub8e8&#034;). \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc791\ubcc4 \uc778\uc0ac\ub97c \ud558\uc138\uc694 (&nbsp;<em>\uc548\ub155\ud788 \uac00\uc138\uc694<\/em>&nbsp;) \ucd9c\ubc1c \uc2dc.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\ub4dc\ub808\uc2a4:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uae54\ub054\ud55c \uc637\uc744 \uc785\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c \ubc29\ubb38 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\uae68\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\uace0(\ub0a8\uc790\ub294 \ubaa8\uc790\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4) \ubc18\ubc14\uc9c0\ub294 \ud53c\ud558\uc138\uc694.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc2dd\uc0ac:<\/strong>&nbsp;If invited to a home, bring a small gift (flowers or chocolates). Note: give&nbsp;an odd number of flowers&nbsp;(even is reserved for funerals). Take off shoes if asked. Toasts are common; wait for the host to propose a toast and maintain eye contact when drinking.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\ud301:<\/strong>&nbsp;\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc740 10% \ud301\uc744 \uc8fc\uc2dc\uba74 \uac10\uc0ac\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc798 \ubaa8\ub974\uaca0\uc73c\uba74 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc11c\uc5d0 \uae08\uc561\uc744 \ubc18\uc62c\ub9bc\ud574\uc11c \uc9c0\ubd88\ud558\uc2dc\uba74 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc8fc\uc81c:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub0af\uc120 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ub0b4\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc77c\ub2e8 \uce5c\ud574\uc9c0\uba74 \ub530\ub73b\ud558\uace0 \uc218\ub2e4\uc2a4\ub7fd\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc774 \ub4e0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub85c \uaebc\ub0b4\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uba3c\uc800 \uaebc\ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ubd84\ud560\uc774\ub098 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc815\uce58 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uba74 \u200b\u200b\uc885\uc885 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \ubc18\uc751\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uac8c \uc811\uadfc\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\uc548\uc804:<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc548\uc804\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3ed\ub825 \ubc94\uc8c4\ub294 \ub4dc\ubb45\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub978 \uad00\uad11\uc9c0\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc18c\ub9e4\uce58\uae30\ub97c \uc870\uc2ec\ud558\uc138\uc694. \ubc24\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c1\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uc138\uc694. \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 (\ud2b9\ud788 \uc80a\uc740 \uce35\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294) \uc601\uc5b4\uac00 \ub110\ub9ac \ud1b5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4 \ud45c\ud604(prosz\u0119, dzi\u0119kuj\u0119, przepraszam)\uc744 \uba87 \uac1c\ub9cc \uc54c\uc544\ub3c4 \ubbf8\uc18c\ub97c \uc9c0\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0 \u200b\u200b\ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uac00 123\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c4 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc785\ub2c8\uae4c?<\/strong><br>A: 18\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d(\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544, \ud504\ub85c\uc774\uc13c, \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544)\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \uc138 \ub2e8\uacc4(1772\ub144, 1793\ub144, 1795\ub144)\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ubd84\ud560\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1795\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 1918\ub144 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc885\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uac00 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc7ac\ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \ubd09\uae30\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubbfc\uc871 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc-\ub9ac\ud22c\uc544\ub2c8\uc544 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\uc5c8\ub098\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: 1569\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1795\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc640 \ub9ac\ud22c\uc544\ub2c8\uc544\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc-\ub9ac\ud22c\uc544\ub2c8\uc544 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc911 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc740 \ubc1c\ud2b8\ud574\uc5d0\uc11c \ud751\ud574\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubed7\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uad11\ub300\ud558\uace0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ud3c9\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \uc81c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c, \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uc774 \uc655\uc744 \uc120\ucd9c\ud558\uace0 \uc758\ud68c(\uc138\uc784)\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 16\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c 17\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uad6d\uac00 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ub0a0\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \uc774\ub984 \ub0a0\uc9dc (<em>\uc774\ub984\uc758 \ub0a0<\/em>)\ub294 \uc131\uc778 \ucd95\uc77c\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub098 \ubbf8\uce74\uc5d8\ucc98\ub7fc \uac01 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2ec\ub825\uc5d0 \ub0a0\uc9dc\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc131\uc778 \uc774\ub984 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \ubd99\uc740 \ub0a0\uc9dc). \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0dd\uc77c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc774\ub984 \ucd95\uc77c\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\uc784, \uc74c\uc2dd, \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0\ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uae30\ub150\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub098\uc774 \ub4e0 \uc138\ub300\ub294 \uac00\uc871 \uc800\ub141 \uc2dd\uc0ac\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\ub984 \ucd95\uc77c\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\uac00 \u200b\u200b\uc65c \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uc911\uc694\ud55c\uac00\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc11c\uae30 966\ub144\uc5d0 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc11c\uc720\ub7fd \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \ub9e5\uc744 \uac19\uc774\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc218 \uc138\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc678\uc138\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b5\uc555\ubc1b\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc874\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\uc758 \uc57d 87%\uac00 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc790\uc774\uba70, \uc885\uad50 \ucd95\uc81c(\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4, \ubd80\ud65c\uc808, \ub9cc\uc131\uc808)\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \ubb38\ud654 \ud589\uc0ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uae30 \uc548\uc804\ud55c\uac00\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ub124. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uad00\uad11\uac1d\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uacf3\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3ed\ub825 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc728\uc774 \ub0ae\uace0 \uacbd\ucc30\ub3c4 \uce5c\uc808\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ubd90\ube44\ub294 \uad00\uad11\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc18c\ub9e4\uce58\uae30\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774\ub098 \uae30\ucc28 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uacbd\uacc4\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c4\ub85c\ub294 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc548\uc804\ud558\uba70 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\uc911\uad50\ud1b5\uc774 \uc798 \uac16\ucdb0\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc751\uae09 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(112\ubc88\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud654). \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uce58\uc548 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub098\ub77c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ube44\uc5d8\ub9ac\uce58\uce74 \uc18c\uae08 \uad11\uc0b0\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ud06c\ub77c\ucfe0\ud504 \uc778\uadfc \ube44\uc5d8\ub9ac\uce58\uce74 \uc18c\uae08 \uad11\uc0b0\uc740 \uc18c\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uac01\ub41c \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc640 \uc608\ubc30\ub2f9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc9c0\ud558 \uc138\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucc44\uad74\uc740 13\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4 700\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 \ud130\ub110\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uac78\uc73c\uba70 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \uc18c\uae08 \uc870\uac01\ud488\uacfc \uc18c\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc0f9\ub4e4\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc131\ub2f9\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uad00\uad11 \uba85\uc18c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\uba70, \uad11\uc0b0 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4\ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \uc544\uc6b0\uc288\ube44\uce20-\ube44\ub974\ucf00\ub098\uc6b0\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \uc624\uc2dc\ube44\uc5e5\uce68 \uc778\uadfc\uc758 \uc544\uc6b0\uc288\ube44\uce20-\ube44\ub974\ucf00\ub098\uc6b0\ub294 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc911 \ub098\uce58 \uac15\uc81c \uc218\uc6a9\uc18c\uc640 \ud559\uc0b4 \uc218\uc6a9\uc18c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc00\uc9d1\ud574 \uc788\ub358 \uacf3\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc0b4\ub2f9\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc774\uc790 \uae30\ub150\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ub9c9\uc0ac, \uac00\uc2a4\uc2e4, \ud654\uc7a5\ud130\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uacf3\uc740 \ud640\ub85c\ucf54\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc554\uc6b8\ud55c \uae30\uc5b5\uc744 \ub418\uc0b4\ub824\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \uace0\ub4f1\uad50\uc721\uc740 \uc815\ub9d0 \ubb34\ub8cc\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ub124. \uacf5\ub9bd \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc2dc\ubbfc\uacfc EU\/EEA \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc5d0\uac8c \uc218\uc5c5\ub8cc\uac00 \ubb34\ub8cc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774\ub098 \uc218\uc218\ub8cc\uac00 \ubd80\uacfc\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uae30\ubcf8 \uc218\uc5c5\ub8cc\ub294 \ubd80\uacfc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4). \ud30c\ud2b8\ud0c0\uc784 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\ub9bd \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \uc218\uc5c5\ub8cc\uac00 \ubd80\uacfc\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ud589\uc815 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774\ub098 \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\ube44\ub97c \ubd80\ub2f4\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \ube5a \uc5c6\uc774 \uc878\uc5c5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub098\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4\uac00 \uacf5\uc2dd \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc774\uba70 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub77c\ud2f4 \ubb38\uc790\uc640 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud2b9\uc218 \ubb38\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4(\ud2b9\ud788 \uc80a\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4)\uc774 \uc601\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uc18c\uc218 \uc5b8\uc5b4(\uc608: \uce74\uc288\ube0c\uc5b4, \uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098\uc5b4)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5b4\uac00 \uc804\uad6d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc6a9\uc5b4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uc804\ud1b5 \uc74c\uc2dd \uc911\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac78 \uba39\uc5b4\ubd10\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ud53c\uc5d0\ub85c\uae30(\ub9cc\ub450), \ube44\uace0\uc2a4(\uc0ac\uc6cc\ud06c\ub77c\uc6b0\ud2b8 \uc2a4\ud29c), \uc8fc\ub809(\uc2e0\ub9db \ub098\ub294 \ud638\ubc00 \uc218\ud504)\uc740 \uaf2d \ub4dc\uc154\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \ub2e8 \uc74c\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub6b1\ub6b1\ud55c \ubaa9\uc694\uc77c(Fat Thursday)\uc5d0 \uc0e4\ub97c\ub85c\ud2b8\uce74(\uc0ac\uacfc \ud30c\uc774)\ub098 \ud401\uce20\ud0a4(P\u0105czki)\ub97c \ub4dc\uc154\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uc2dd\uc0ac \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ucf64\ud3ec\ud2b8(Kompot, \ub053\uc778 \uacfc\uc77c \uc8fc\uc2a4)\ub098 \uc990\ub85c\ud2f0 \uc18c\ud06c(Z\u0142oty Sok, \ub9e5\uc8fc)\ub97c \ub9c8\uc154\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uc2e0\ub2e4\uba74 \ud638\ubc00 \ubcf4\ub4dc\uce74\ub098 \ud5c8\ube0c\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \uc8fc\ube0c\ub8e8\ud504\uce74(\u017cubr\u00f3wka)\ub97c \ub4dc\uc154\ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc9c8\ubb38: \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20\uac00 \uc778\uae30 \uc788\ub098\uc694?<\/strong><br>A: \ucd95\uad6c\uc640 \ubc30\uad6c\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc778\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \uc885\ubaa9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc \uad6d\uac00\ub300\ud45c\ud300\uc740 \uac15\ud300\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc30\uad6c \ucc54\ud53c\uc5b8(2014\ub144, 2018\ub144)\uacfc \uc6d4\ub4dc\ucef5 \ucd9c\uc804 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc120\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0b0\uc545 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2a4\ud0a4 \uc810\ud504, \uc54c\ud30c\uc778 \uc2a4\ud0a4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc720\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub098 \ucf54\ubc1c\uce58\ud06c\uac00 \uc62c\ub9bc\ud53d \uae08\uba54\ub2ec\uc744 \ub534 \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\ucee8\ud2b8\ub9ac \uc2a4\ud0a4 \ub4f1 \ub3d9\uacc4 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20\uac00 \uc778\uae30\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc721\uc0c1\uacfc \uc5ed\ub3c4\ub3c4 \uc5f4\ub82c\ud55c \ud32c\uce35\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud53c\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc774 \ubaa8\ud130\uc0ac\uc774\ud074 \uacbd\uc8fc\ub294 \uc5ec\ub984\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uad00\uc911\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ubaa8\uc74d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uac00 \uc5ec\ud589\uac1d\uacfc \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc560\ud638\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ub300 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc911\uc138 \uc131(\ub9d0\ubcf4\ub974\ud06c)\uacfc \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc6d0\uc2dc\ub9bc(\ube44\uc544\uc6cc\ube44\uc5d0\uc790)\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc. \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \ubb38\ud654 \uc720\uc0b0\uc740 966\ub144 \ucd08\ub300 \uad6d\uc655\uc758 \uc138\ub840\ubd80\ud130 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uc5f0\ub300 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uae4c\uc9c0, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ub2e4\ucc44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5ee\uc5b4\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ubb38\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 \uc131\uc778\uc758 &#034;\uba85\uba85\uae30\ub150\uc77c&#034;\uc744 \uc0dd\uc77c\ucc98\ub7fc \uae30\ub150\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0 \uac10\ud0c4\ud558\uace0, \ud53c\uc5d0\ub85c\uae30 \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ube44\uace0\uc2a4\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6cc \ub77c\uc774 \uc218\ud504 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc694\ub9ac\ub97c \ub9db\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub294 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ubb38\ud654, \uc694\ub9ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucf54\ud398\ub974\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4\uc640 \ub9c8\ub9ac \ud034\ub9ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 67\uac00\uc9c0 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2f4\uc544\ub0b4\uc5b4, 1,000\ub144 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uc628 \uac15\uc778\ud55c \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4963,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-interesting-facts","category-magazine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2258\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}