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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ec4\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\uff1a\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30ea\u30c8\u30a2\u30cb\u30a2\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>By the 16th century, Poland\u2019s power and culture blossomed. In 1569 the Union of Lublin created the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, an enormous dual state that in its prime spanned over one million square kilometers \u2013 making it one of Europe\u2019s largest countries at the time.&nbsp;The Commonwealth was notable for its \u201cGolden Liberty\u201d: a parliament of nobles elected the king and guaranteed unprecedented personal freedoms. It boasted early forms of constitutional government and unusual religious tolerance for the era. The Warsaw Confederation of 1573 codified freedom of worship, and monasteries of Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox Christians, Jews and Muslims all thrived. Academies at Krak\u00f3w, Vilnius and beyond made it a cultural hub. Science flourished: Nicolaus Copernicus (born in Toru\u0144, then Commonwealth territory) published his heliocentric theory in 1543, altering astronomy forever. Poland\u2019s Renaissance architecture \u2014 from the royal Wawel Castle in Krak\u00f3w to fortified towns like Zamo\u015b\u0107 \u2014 also dates to this age. In 1791, the enlightened Commonwealth adopted the May 3 Constitution, Europe\u2019s first modern national constitution and the world\u2019s second after the United States, though it lasted only a year before the state was overwhelmed by neighbors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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1920 \u5e74\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30bd\u30d3\u30a8\u30c8\u6226\u4e89 (\u300c\u30f4\u30a3\u30b9\u30ef\u5ddd\u306e\u5947\u8de1\u300d) \u3067\u3059\u304c\u30011920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u306b\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u518d\u3073\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u9818\u571f\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1939\u5e749\u6708\u3001\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u30fb\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u304c\u897f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30bd\u9023\u304c\u6771\u304b\u3089\u4fb5\u653b\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u304c\u52c3\u767a\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u56de\u5fa9\u529b\u304c\u518d\u3073\u8a66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u6700\u521d\u306b\u653b\u6483\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u56fd\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u306a\u62b5\u6297\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u5360\u9818\u3055\u308c\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306f\u8352\u5ec3\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u6700\u3082\u6697\u3044\u7ae0\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u5730\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u306f\u30af\u30e9\u30af\u30d5\u8fd1\u90ca\u306b\u6700\u5927\u306e\u7d76\u6ec5\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u3001\u30a2\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30d3\u30c3\u30c4\u30fb\u30d3\u30eb\u30b1\u30ca\u30a6\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067100\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08\u4e3b\u306b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u3001\u30ed\u30de\u4eba\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u6bba\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d1b\u4e89\u3067\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u304c\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6c11\u9593\u4eba\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u30021944\u5e74\u306e\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u8702\u8d77\uff08\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u5360\u9818\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5e02\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u53cd\u4e71\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6b8b\u5fcd\u306a\u5831\u5fa9\u3068\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u306a\u7834\u58ca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u93ae\u5727\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u6226\u4e89\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u9803\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u5ec3\u589f\u3068\u5316\u3057\u3001\u56fd\u5883\u306f\u897f\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1945\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30bd\u9023\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u306b\u5165\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u9593\u3001\u8b0e\u3081\u3044\u305f\u6559\u7687\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u30fb\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed2\u4e16\uff08\u30ab\u30ed\u30eb\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30ef\u30fb\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30fb\u30f4\u30a1\u30c9\u30f4\u30a3\u30c4\u30a7\uff09\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767b\u5834\u3057\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306e\u58eb\u6c17\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u8349\u306e\u6839\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ec\u30d5\u30fb\u30ef\u30ec\u30b5\u7387\u3044\u308b\u9020\u8239\u6240\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306e\u9023\u5e2f\u904b\u52d5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9023\u5e2f\u306f\u5909\u9769\u306e\u529b\u3068\u306a\u308a\u30011989\u5e74\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u6771\u6b27\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u306b\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u6319\u3067\u975e\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6a29\u304c\u8a95\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6570\u5e74\u5f8c\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u3092\u653e\u68c4\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u306a\u61b2\u6cd5\u3092\u63a1\u629e\u3057\u30011999\u5e74\u306b\u306fNATO\u306b\u52a0\u76df\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30022004\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\u306b\u52a0\u76df\u3057\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u77f3\u3001\u6728\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u8a87\u308a\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u4fdd\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u300217\u306e\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\uff082021\u5e74\u73fe\u5728\uff09\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6587\u5316\u3068\u81ea\u7136\u907a\u7523\u306e\u8a3c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306a\u898b\u3069\u3053\u308d\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30af\u30e9\u30af\u30d5\u6b74\u53f2\u5730\u533a\uff081978\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u65e7\u5e02\u8857\u3068\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u738b\u56fd\u306e\u9996\u90fd\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u30f4\u30a1\u30f4\u30a7\u30eb\u57ce\u3002\u500b\u6027\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u30bf\u30a6\u30f3\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u58ee\u5927\u306a\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u5e83\u5834\u306f\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u30eb\u30cd\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u6642\u4ee3\u3068\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af\u6642\u4ee3\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30ea\u30c1\u30ab\u5ca9\u5869\u5751\u3068\u30dc\u30d5\u30cb\u30e3\u5ca9\u5869\u5751 (1978)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u30af\u30e9\u30af\u30d5\u8fd1\u90ca\u306b\u3042\u308b13\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u9271\u5c71\u3002\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3001\u793c\u62dd\u5802\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5869\u306e\u7d50\u6676\u3067\u5f6b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5f6b\u523b\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30ea\u30c1\u30ab\u9271\u5c71\u306f\u3001\u6e7f\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4fee\u5fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u7d76\u6ec5\u5371\u60e7\u7a2e\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30de\u30eb\u30dc\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u9a0e\u58eb\u56e3\u306e\u57ce\uff081997\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u9762\u7a4d\uff0850\u30a8\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u30ec\u30f3\u30ac\u9020\u308a\u306e\u57ce\u300213\u4e16\u7d00\u304b\u308914\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u9a0e\u58eb\u56e3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3001\u30ce\u30ac\u30c3\u30c8\u5ddd\u306b\u9762\u3057\u305f\u305d\u306e\u5de8\u5927\u306a\u8d64\u3044\u58c1\u306f\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u9a5a\u7570\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u6b74\u53f2\u5730\u533a\uff081980\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u8352\u5ec3\u3057\u305f\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u3001\u82e6\u52b4\u306e\u672b\u306b\u6226\u524d\u306e\u59ff\u306b\u518d\u5efa\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u738b\u5bae\u3068\u65e7\u5e02\u8857\u306e\u5e02\u5834\u5e83\u5834\u306f\u3001\u6226\u5f8c\u5fa9\u8208\u306e\u597d\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\u306b\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c4\u30fb\u30d3\u30eb\u30b1\u30ca\u30a6\uff081979\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u304b\u3064\u3066\u306e\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u30fb\u7d76\u6ec5\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u3092\u8a18\u5ff5\u9928\u30fb\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6050\u308d\u3057\u3055\u3092\u53b3\u7c9b\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u753a\u30c8\u30eb\u30f3\uff081997\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u30f4\u30a3\u30b9\u30ef\u5ddd\u6cbf\u3044\u306e\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u6e2f\u753a\u3001\u30b3\u30da\u30eb\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u751f\u8a95\u306e\u5730\u3002\u30c8\u30eb\u30f3\u306e\u30ec\u30f3\u30ac\u9020\u308a\u306e\u5efa\u7269\u3084\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30f3\u30b6\u540c\u76df\u306e\u7e41\u6804\u3092\u5072\u3070\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30b6\u30e2\u30b7\u30c1\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u90fd\u5e02 (1992)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u8a08\u753b\u7684\u306b\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30eb\u30cd\u30c3\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u90fd\u5e02\u300d\u3067\u3001\u8981\u585e\u304c\u5b8c\u74a7\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5275\u8a2d\u8005\u306e\u30e4\u30f3\u30fb\u30b6\u30e2\u30a4\u30b9\u30ad\u306b\u3061\u306a\u3093\u3067\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e4\u30f4\u30a9\u30eb\u3068\u30b7\u30d5\u30a3\u30c9\u30cb\u30c4\u30a1\u306e\u5e73\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\uff082001\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a017\u4e16\u7d00\u534a\u3070\u3001\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u793c\u62dd\u304c\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6728\u9020\u30d0\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u6728\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7cbe\u5de7\u306a\u5185\u88c5\u306f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ab\u30eb\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u5730\u65b9\u306e\u6728\u9020\u30c4\u30a7\u30eb\u30af\u30f4\u30a1\uff082013\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u30a6\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30ca\u306e\u56fd\u5883\u306b\u3042\u308b 6 \u3064\u306e\u6728\u9020\u6771\u65b9\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u4f1a (\u30c4\u30a7\u30eb\u30af\u30f4\u30a1) \u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u304b\u3089 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u6728\u5de5\u6280\u8853\u304c\u5149\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5357\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6728\u9020\u6559\u4f1a\u7fa4\uff082003\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u30de\u30a6\u30a9\u30dd\u30eb\u30b9\u30ab\u306b\u3042\u308b 8 \u3064\u306e\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u6728\u9020\u6559\u4f1a\u7fa4\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u6728\u9020\u3067\u677f\u847a\u304d\u306e\u5c4b\u6839\u304c\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ab\u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u30ea\u30a2\u30fb\u30bc\u30d6\u30b8\u30c9\u30d5\u30b9\u30ab\uff081999\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u30af\u30e9\u30af\u30d5\u8fd1\u90ca\u306b\u3042\u308b17\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30d0\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u5de1\u793c\u5730\u3002\u5c4b\u5916\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u306e\u9053\u884c\u304d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u793c\u62dd\u5802\u3068\u30d0\u30b7\u30ea\u30ab\u304c\u7279\u5fb4\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6709\u540d\u306a\u5b97\u6559\u5287\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u7740\u60f3\u306e\u6e90\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30de\u30b9\u30ab\u30a6\u30a2\u30fc\u516c\u5712\uff082004\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3068\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u56fd\u5883\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u9020\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u666f\u89b3\u516c\u5712\u3002\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u6700\u5927\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u516c\u5712\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30f4\u30ed\u30c4\u30ef\u30d5\u306e\u767e\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\uff082006\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a020\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u982d\u306b\u5efa\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u9244\u7b4b\u30b3\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u9020\u308a\u306e\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u3002\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5efa\u7bc9\u6280\u8853\u306e\u5049\u696d\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5e02\u306e\u5efa\u7acb100\u5468\u5e74\u3092\u8a18\u5ff5\u3057\u3066\u5efa\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u306e\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u521d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30bf\u30eb\u30ce\u30d5\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30fb\u30b4\u30fc\u30ea\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u9280\u5c71 (2017)<\/strong>\u00a0\u30ab\u30c8\u30f4\u30a3\u30c4\u30a7\u8fd1\u90ca\u306b\u3042\u308b18\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u9280\u925b\u9271\u5c71\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3002\u5168\u95771.7\u30ad\u30ed\u30e1\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u5751\u9053\u3092\u5de1\u308a\u3001\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306a\u63a1\u6398\u6a5f\u68b0\u3092\u898b\u5b66\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30d3\u30e3\u30a6\u30a9\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30b8\u30e3\u306e\u68ee\uff081992\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u539f\u751f\u4f4e\u5730\u6797\u3002\u30d9\u30e9\u30eb\u30fc\u30b7\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d6\u30ca\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u68ee\u304c\u751f\u3044\u8302\u308b\u3053\u306e\u539f\u751f\u6797\u306f\u3001\u6570\u767e\u7a2e\u306e\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u304c\u751f\u606f\u3057\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u30d0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u7fa4\u308c\u304c\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u6b69\u304d\u56de\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u771f\u306e\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u3042\u308b2\u3064\u306e\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u81ea\u7136\u907a\u7523\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ab\u30eb\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u5c71\u8108\u306e\u53e4\u4ee3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u539f\u59cb\u306e\u30d6\u30ca\u6797\uff082021\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30d3\u30a7\u30b7\u30e5\u30c1\u30e3\u30c7\u30a3\u5c71\u8108\uff08\u30d3\u30a7\u30b7\u30e5\u30c1\u30e3\u30c7\u30a3\u56fd\u7acb\u516c\u5712\uff09\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u8d8a\u3048\u305f\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30d6\u30ca\u6797\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u624b\u304c\u53ca\u3070\u306a\u3044\u68ee\u6797\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u306e\u751f\u304d\u305f\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u300c\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30e9\u30c8\u300d\u306f\u3001100\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u3092\u9858\u3046\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u6b4c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u3084\u8056\u540d\u795d\u65e5\u306e\u304a\u795d\u3044\u306b\u3053\u306e\u6b4c\u304c\u6b4c\u308f\u308c\u3001\u8056\u540d\u795d\u65e5\u306f\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u304a\u795d\u3044\u30e0\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><cite>\u6587\u5316\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u4f1d\u7d71<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u7fd2\u6163<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u66a6\u306b\u306f\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u795d\u796d\u304c\u6570\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u6700\u3082\u6709\u540d\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u8056\u540d\u795d\u65e5\uff08\u30a4\u30df\u30a8\u30cb\u30cb\uff09\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u8056\u4eba\u306e\u795d\u65e5\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u65e5\u306b\u795d\u796d\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u5f7c\u3089\u306e<\/em>&nbsp;\u8056\u4eba\u306e\u65e5\u3092\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u795d\u3046\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8056\u4eba\u306e\u65e5\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u8996\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53cb\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u304c\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u3057\u305f\u8d08\u308a\u7269\u3084\u82b1\u3092\u8d08\u308a\u5408\u3044\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8c6a\u83ef\u306a\u5bb4\u4f1a\u304c\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u5225\u306a\u9858\u3044\u4e8b\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u304a\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u304a\u3081\u3067\u3068\u3046<\/em>\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306b\u6b4c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u6839\u5f37\u3044\u7fd2\u6163\u306f\u3001\u624b\u306b\u30ad\u30b9\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5e74\u914d\u306e\u5973\u6027\u3084\u5a01\u53b3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5973\u6027\u306b\u4f1a\u3046\u969b\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306f\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u53f3\u624b\u306e\u7532\u306b\u512a\u3057\u304f\u30ad\u30b9\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u304b\u3064\u3066\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u8cb4\u65cf\u306e\u9593\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3053\u306e\u4e01\u5be7\u306a\u4ed5\u8349\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u3067\u3082\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u306a\u5834\u9762\u3084\u611b\u60c5\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306e\u9593\u3067\u306f\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u63e1\u624b\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u793c\u5100\u6b63\u3057\u3055\u306f\u547c\u3073\u304b\u3051\u306b\u3082\u8868\u308c\u3001\u898b\u77e5\u3089\u306c\u4eba\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u300c\u30ad\u30b9\u300d\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u6c0f\/\u592b\u4eba<\/em>&nbsp;\u304f\u3060\u3051\u305f\u4f1a\u8a71\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001(Mr.\/Ms.) \u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u59d3\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the first day of spring (around March 21), Poles practice the drowning of Marzanna. A straw doll (dressed as an old woman), symbolizing winter, is carried in procession, then set aflame and thrown into a river or lake. This Slavic ritual, rooted in pre-Christian times, is meant to banish winter and welcome spring\u2019s arrival. Schools often involve children in making Marzanna dolls and singing as they symbolically drown her. Similarly, Easter Monday features&nbsp;\u015amigus-Dyngus: friends and neighbors drench each other with water to celebrate spring renewal (traditionally boys play pranks by chasing girls with water, though today it\u2019s reciprocated).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b97\u6559\u907a\u7523<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306e\u7d0487%\u306f\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u306f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5de1\u793c\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001&nbsp;<em>\u30e4\u30b9\u30ca\u30fb\u30b0\u30e9<\/em>&nbsp;\u30c1\u30a7\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30db\u30f4\u30a1\u306e\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5d07\u62dd\u3055\u308c\u308b\u9ed2\u3044\u8056\u6bcd\u50cf\u304c\u5b89\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6bce\u5e74\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u8a2a\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u30fb\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed2\u4e16\u6559\u7687\u306f\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u3067\u3059\u30021978\u5e74\u304b\u30892005\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u6559\u4f1a\u3092\u7387\u3044\u30012014\u5e74\u306e\u5217\u8056\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306f\u63fa\u308b\u304e\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u30a4\u30d6\u306e\u76db\u5927\u306a\u30c7\u30a3\u30ca\u30fc\uff08<em>\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u30a4\u30d6<\/em>\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff1a 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has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u56fd\u65d7\u306e\u767d\u3068\u8d64\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\u306e\u56fd\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u8d64\u3044\u76fe\u306b\u767d\u3044\u9df2\u3092\u914d\u3057\u305f\u7d0b\u7ae0\u306e\u8272\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u56fd\u65d7\uff08\u767d\u5730\u306b\u8d64\uff09\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30cd\u30b7\u30a2\u56fd\u65d7\u3068\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u53cd\u8ee2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p><cite>\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e\u306f\u897f\u30b9\u30e9\u30f4\u8a9e\u6d3e\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3001\u30e9\u30c6\u30f3\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u0142\u3001\u00f3\u3001\u015b\u3001\u017a\u3001\u017c\u3001\u0107\u3001\u0144\u3001\u0105\u3001\u0119\uff09\u3082\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u767a\u97f3\u306e\u96e3\u3057\u3055\u3084\u3001\u820c\u3092\u637b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5b50\u97f3\uff08\u30b7\u30e5\u30c1\u30a7\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30b7\u30f3\u8a9e\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3092\u56f0\u60d1\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001&nbsp;<em>\u9593\u4f10<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u300c\u30c4\u30a7\u30d3\u30a7\u30ba\u300d\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f&nbsp;<em>\u30a6\u30c3\u30c1<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u300c\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u300d\uff09\u306f\u4e00\u898b\u3001\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u62db\u304f\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3059\uff01\u5730\u57df\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u65b9\u8a00\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30e1\u30e9\u30cb\u30a2\u5730\u65b9\u306e\u30ab\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30d6\u8a9e\u3001\u4e0a\u30b7\u30ec\u30b8\u30a2\u5730\u65b9\u306e\u30b7\u30ec\u30b8\u30a2\u65b9\u8a00\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e\u3067\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u4f1a\u8a71\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u7387\u76f4\u3067\u7387\u76f4\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8cea\u554f\u3082\u7387\u76f4\u3067\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u306b\u5a49\u66f2\u8868\u73fe\u306f\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u3084\u30d3\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u8c6a\u5feb\u306b\u4e7e\u676f\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3082\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u4e7e\u676f\uff01<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u306b\uff01\u300d\uff09\u3068\u5531\u3048\u306a\u304c\u3089\u304a\u9152\u3092\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6587\u5316\u570f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u72ed\u304f\u3001\u898b\u77e5\u3089\u306c\u4eba\u540c\u58eb\u3067\u3082\u6328\u62f6\u306f\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u306a\u4f1a\u91c8\u3067\u6e08\u307e\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u656c\u79f0\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u76ee\u4e0a\u306e\u4eba\u306e\u524d\u3067\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u656c\u610f\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u6599\u7406\uff1a\u30d4\u30a8\u30ed\u30ae\u3060\u3051\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3044<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u8a66\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4f1d\u7d71\u6599\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u5bb6\u5ead\u6599\u7406\u306f\u30dc\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u305f\u3063\u3077\u308a\u3067\u3001\u5fc3\u6e29\u307e\u308b\u5473\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u6599\u7406\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30d4\u30a8\u30ed\u30ae\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30b8\u30e3\u30ac\u30a4\u30e2\u3068\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u3072\u304d\u8089\u3001\u30b6\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3001\u30ad\u30ce\u30b3\u3001\u30d5\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5869\u5473\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7518\u5473\u306e\u5177\u6750\u3092\u8a70\u3081\u3001\u8339\u3067\u305f\u308a\u63da\u3052\u305f\u308a\u3057\u305f\u9903\u5b50\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6c17\u6599\u7406\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30cf\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u30b7\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30b6\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\uff08\u767a\u9175\u30ad\u30e3\u30d9\u30c4\uff09\u3068\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u8089\uff08\u8c5a\u8089\u3001\u30bd\u30fc\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u6642\u306b\u306f\u30b8\u30d3\u30a8\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u3001\u98a8\u5473\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u72e9\u731f\u7528\u306e\u30b7\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u3002\u9577\u6642\u9593\u716e\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6fc3\u539a\u3067\u30b9\u30e2\u30fc\u30ad\u30fc\u306a\u98a8\u5473\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u9178\u3063\u3071\u3044\u30e9\u30a4\u9ea6\u30b9\u30fc\u30d7\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u767a\u9175\u30d1\u30f3\u3067\u3068\u308d\u307f\u3092\u3064\u3051\u305f\u9178\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30e9\u30a4\u9ea6\u30b9\u30fc\u30d7\u3002\u30bd\u30fc\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u3086\u3067\u5375\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u3066\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u9178\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30dc\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u305f\u3063\u3077\u308a\u306e\u524d\u83dc\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30dc\u30eb\u30b7\u30c1\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30d3\u30fc\u30c4\u306e\u30b9\u30fc\u30d7\u3002\u900f\u660e\u306a\u8d64\u8272\u3067\u571f\u3063\u307d\u3044\u5473\u304c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30d0\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30c1\u306f\u30b5\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30e0\u3084\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u56e3\u5b50\uff08<em>\u30e9\u30d3\u30aa\u30ea<\/em>\uff09\u3092\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u306b\u8d08\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30cf\u30c8\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u8089\u3068\u7c73\u3092\u8a70\u3081\u305f\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u30ad\u30e3\u30d9\u30c4\u3092\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u713c\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30bd\u30fc\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u751f\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u71fb\u88fd\u3001\u30cb\u30f3\u30cb\u30af\u3084\u30de\u30b8\u30e7\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u5473\u4ed8\u3051\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u3001\u6570\u5341\u7a2e\u985e\u3082\u306e\u30d0\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30ea\u30eb\u3067\u3082\u30b7\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3067\u3082\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5b9a\u756a\u306e\u98df\u6750\u3067\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30b7\u30e5\u30cb\u30c3\u30c4\u30a7\u30eb\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30d1\u30f3\u7c89\u3092\u307e\u3076\u3057\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30af\u30ab\u30c4\u30ec\u30c4\uff08\u30b7\u30e5\u30cb\u30c3\u30c4\u30a7\u30eb\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u30b8\u30e3\u30ac\u30a4\u30e2\u3068\u30ad\u30e3\u30d9\u30c4\u306e\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30aa\u30b7\u30da\u30af\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30bf\u30c8\u30e9\u5c71\u8108\u306e\u7f8a\u306e\u4e73\u304b\u3089\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30b9\u30e2\u30fc\u30ad\u30fc\u306a\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u3002\u524d\u83dc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b0\u30ea\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30af\u30e9\u30f3\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30e0\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u3066\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b6\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c8\u3001\u30d4\u30af\u30eb\u30b9\u3001\u30cb\u30b7\u30f3\u3001\u30db\u30fc\u30b9\u30e9\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u306f\u98df\u4e8b\u306e\u4ed8\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u98df\u5353\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ba\u30d6\u30ed\u30d5\u30ab\uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30b9\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\uff09\u304b\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u30b9\u30d4\u30ea\u30c3\u30c4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b7\u30e7\u30d1\u30f3\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\uff08\u30d6\u30ec\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\uff09\u3092\u4e00\u676f\u6b20\u304b\u3055\u305a\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u5927\u8ad6\u4e89<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5f37\u3044\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u56fd\u304c\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u3092\u88fd\u9020\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u84b8\u7559\u9152\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab<\/em>&nbsp;\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30f4\u8af8\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30828\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u9061\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u3084\u5bae\u5ef7\u3067\u7a40\u7269\u84b8\u7559\u9152\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u300116\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u6d88\u8cbb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u8f38\u51fa\u56fd\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u306f\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u5ea6\u6570\u304c40\uff5e50%\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u4e7e\u676f\u306e\u969b\u306b\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u98f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\uff08\u30d0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30b9\u3001\u8702\u871c\u3001\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3082\u4eba\u6c17\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f11\u65e5\u3084\u304a\u796d\u308a\u306e\u98df\u3079\u7269<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u795d\u65e5\u306b\u98df\u304c\u3064\u304d\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u30a4\u30d6\u306e\u30f4\u30a3\u30ae\u30ea\u30a2\uff08\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u306e\u5915\u98df\uff09\u306f\u8089\u629c\u304d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u30d0\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30c1\uff08\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u30ad\u30ce\u30b3\u306e\u56e3\u5b50\uff09\u3001\u9bc9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9b5a\u3001\u30d4\u30a8\u30ed\u30ae\u3001\u30b3\u30e9\u30c1\uff08\u7c73\u3068\u30b1\u30b7\u306e\u5b9f\u306e\u30c7\u30b6\u30fc\u30c8\uff09\u304c\u6dfb\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591c\u7a7a\u306b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u661f\u304c\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u3067\u30a6\u30a8\u30cf\u30fc\u30b9\uff08\u30aa\u30d7\u30e9\u30c6\u30af\uff09\u3092\u5206\u3051\u5408\u3044\u3001\u795d\u798f\u3092\u4ea4\u308f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u98df\u5353\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30fc\u30d7\u5165\u308a\u306e\u767d\u30bd\u30fc\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u30ad\u30eb\u30d0\u30b5\u3001\u30de\u30ba\u30ec\u30af\uff08\u30ca\u30c3\u30c4\u3084\u30d5\u30eb\u30fc\u30c4\u3092\u30c8\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3057\u305f\u5e73\u305f\u3044\u30b7\u30e7\u30fc\u30c8\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30a2\u30fc\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\uff09\u3001\u30d0\u30d6\u30ab\uff08\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\uff09\u304c\u6ea2\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6c34\u904a\u3073\u306e\u300c\u30a6\u30a7\u30c3\u30c8\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30fc\u300d\uff08\u30b7\u30df\u30b0\u30b9\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\uff09\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56db\u65ec\u7bc0\u524d\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6728\u66dc\u65e5\u3001\u300c\u30d5\u30a1\u30c3\u30c8\u30b5\u30fc\u30ba\u30c7\u30fc\u300d\uff08\u30c8\u30a5\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30c1\u30e5\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30c6\u30af\uff09\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30f3\u30c1\u30ad\uff08\u30bc\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30fc\u30ca\u30c4\uff09\u3068\u30d5\u30a1\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30ad\uff08\u7c89\u7802\u7cd6\u3092\u307e\u3076\u3057\u305f\u30b5\u30af\u30b5\u30af\u306e\u63da\u3052\u83d3\u5b50\uff09\u304c\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7d50\u5a5a\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30df\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u30b5\u30e9\u30c0\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30ab\u3084\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30f3\u3067\u4e7e\u676f\u3059\u308b\u5bb4\u304c\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e7e\u676f\u306e\u6328\u62f6\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u90ce\u65b0\u5a66\u3092\u79f0\u3048\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3092\u7948\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u624b\u306e\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u304a\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u304a\u3081\u3067\u3068\u3046\uff01<\/em>\uff08\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u53ce\u7a6b\u796d\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3059\uff09\u3002\u7530\u820e\u306e\u53ce\u7a6b\u796d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u7a40\u7269\u306e\u675f\u3092\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u7de8\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u3092\u8fbc\u3081\u3066\u30d1\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u795d\u796d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u98df\u4e8b\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3061\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u304a\u3082\u3066\u306a\u3057\u306e\u7cbe\u795e\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6709\u540d\u4eba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u8f29\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a6\u30b9\u30fb\u30b3\u30da\u30eb\u30cb\u30af\u30b9 (1473\u20131543):<\/strong>\u00a0\u592a\u967d\u7cfb\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306f\u5730\u7403\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u592a\u967d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u9769\u547d\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u30eb\u30cd\u30b5\u30f3\u30b9\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u00a0<em>\u5929\u7403\u306e\u56de\u8ee2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/em>\u00a0\u73fe\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u7bc9\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30b9\u30af\u30a6\u30a9\u30c9\u30d5\u30b9\u30ab\u30fb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30fc (1867\u20131934):<\/strong>\u00a0\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u30fb\u5316\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30b8\u30a6\u30e0\u3068\u30dd\u30ed\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u80fd\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u5973\u306f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8cde\uff081903\u5e74\uff09\u3068\u5316\u5b66\u8cde\uff081911\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u8cde\u3092\u53d7\u8cde\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u8cde\u30922\u5ea6\u53d7\u8cde\u3057\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4eba\u7269\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30a4\u30b0\u30ca\u30b7\u30fc\u30fb\u30a6\u30ab\u30b7\u30a7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c1 (1822\u20131882):<\/strong>\u00a0\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u706f\u6cb9\u30e9\u30f3\u30d7\u3092\u767a\u660e\u3057\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u7523\u696d\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u5316\u5b66\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6280\u8853\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30cb\u30b3\u30e9\u30a6\u30b9\u30fb\u30b3\u30da\u30eb\u30cb\u30af\u30b9<\/strong>\u00a0\uff08\u3059\u3067\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3001\u601d\u3044\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30b7\u30e5\u30c6\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30fb\u30d0\u30ca\u30c3\u30cf\uff081892\u20131945\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u5171\u540c\u5275\u59cb\u8005\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30df\u30a7\u30b7\u30e5\u30b3 1 \u4e16\u3068\u30dc\u30ec\u30b9\u30ef\u30d5\u52c7\u6562\u8005:<\/strong>\u00a0\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u7d71\u4e00\u3057\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u60c5\u52e2\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u6a29\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u4e16\u521d\u671f\u306e\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff08\u30d0\u30a6\u30c4\u30a7\u30f3\u306e\u548c\u7d04\u30011018 \u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u30fb\u30b4\u30a6\u30a7\u30f3\u30d3\u30a7\u30d5\u30b9\u30ab\uff1d\u30a6\u30ab\u30b7\u30a7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c1<\/strong>\u00a0(\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044)\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30de\u30ec\u30af\u30fb\u30ab\u30df\u30f3\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc:<\/strong>\u00a01\u5e74\u3067\u5317\u6975\u3068\u5357\u6975\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3057\u305f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u63a2\u691c\u5bb6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u82b8\u8853\u5bb6\u3068\u4f5c\u5bb6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30d5\u30ec\u30c7\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30b7\u30e7\u30d1\u30f3 (1810\u20131849):<\/strong>\u00a0\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u8fd1\u90ca\u306b\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30b7\u30e7\u30d1\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u30ed\u30de\u30f3\u6d3e\u306e\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u517c\u30d4\u30a2\u30cb\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4e00\u4eba\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u7df4\u7fd2\u66f2\u3001\u30ef\u30eb\u30c4\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u591c\u60f3\u66f2\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u3082\u306a\u304a\u611b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d4\u30a2\u30ce\u66f2\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30fb\u30df\u30c4\u30ad\u30a7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c1 (1798\u20131855):<\/strong>\u00a0\u53d9\u4e8b\u8a69\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u56fd\u6c11\u8a69\u4eba\u00a0<em>\u30d1\u30f3\u30fb\u30bf\u30c7\u30a6\u30b9<\/em>\u00a0\uff081834\uff09\u306f\u53e4\u304d\u826f\u304d\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30df\u30c4\u30ad\u30a7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c1\u306e\u4f5c\u54c1\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u6587\u5b66\u306e\u790e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30d8\u30f3\u30ea\u30af\u30fb\u30b7\u30a7\u30f3\u30ad\u30a7\u30f4\u30a3\u30c1 (1846\u20131916):<\/strong>\u00a01905\u5e74\u306b\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u6587\u5b66\u8cde\u3092\u53d7\u8cde\u3057\u305f\u5c0f\u8aac\u5bb6\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u5c0f\u8aac\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u00a0<em>\u3069\u3053\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306e\uff1f<\/em>\uff09\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u8074\u8846\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30f4\u30a3\u30b9\u30ef\u30f4\u30a1\u30fb\u30b7\u30f3\u30dc\u30eb\u30b9\u30ab (1923\u20132012):<\/strong>\u00a0\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30a4\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u6587\u5b66\u8cde\u53d7\u8cde\u8005\uff081996\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u30a6\u30a3\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u5bcc\u3093\u3060\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u8a69\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3092\u8a34\u3048\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30aa\u30eb\u30ac\u30fb\u30c8\u30ab\u30eb\u30c1\u30e5\u30af\uff081962\u5e74\u751f\u307e\u308c\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u73fe\u4ee3\u4f5c\u5bb6\u30012018\u5e74\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u6587\u5b66\u8cde\u53d7\u8cde\u3001\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306a\u5c0f\u8aac\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u00a0<em>\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8<\/em>\u00a0\u65c5\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3092\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ed\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30dd\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\uff081933\u5e74\u751f\u307e\u308c\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u8cde\u3084\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u6620\u753b\u76e3\u7763\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u00a0<em>\u6226\u5834\u306e\u30d4\u30a2\u30cb\u30b9\u30c8<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u8ad6\u4e89\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5f7c\u306e\u521d\u671f\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u6620\u753b\uff08\u00a0<em>\u6c34\u4e2d\u306e\u30ca\u30a4\u30d5<\/em>\uff09\u306f\u6620\u753b\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30c0\uff081926\u20132016\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3068\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4f5c\u54c1\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3001\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u540d\u8a89\u8cde\u3092\u53d7\u8cde\u3057\u305f\u6620\u753b\u76e3\u7763\uff08<em>\u7070\u3068\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30e2\u30f3\u30c9<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u30ab\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30ca\u30fb\u30e4\u30f3\u30c0:<\/strong>\u00a0\u8457\u540d\u306a\u5973\u512a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u6587\u5316\u4eba\uff08\u00a0<em>\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u306e\u7537<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u30d4\u30a2\u30cb\u30b9\u30c8<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e4\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30c6\u30a4\u30b3\uff081838\u20131893\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d0\u30b9\u3067\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u753b\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\uff1a\u00a0<em>\u30b0\u30eb\u30f3\u30f4\u30a1\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u6226\u3044<\/em>\uff09\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u77ac\u9593\u3092\u6349\u3048\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u653f\u6cbb\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b97\u6559\u6307\u5c0e\u8005<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30e8\u30cf\u30cd\u30fb\u30d1\u30a6\u30ed2\u4e16\uff081920\u20132005\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u30ab\u30ed\u30eb\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30ef\u306f1978\u5e74\u306b\u6559\u7687\u306b\u5c31\u4efb\u3057\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u611f\u52d5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u5553\u8499\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u51b7\u6226\u306e\u7dca\u5f35\u7de9\u548c\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u3001\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0b\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u58eb\u6c17\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u6570\u5341\u56de\u5de1\u793c\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ec\u30d5\u30fb\u30ef\u30ec\u30b5\uff081943\u5e74\u751f\u307e\u308c\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u9020\u8239\u6240\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u6280\u5e2b\u304b\u3089\u52b4\u50cd\u7d44\u5408\u306e\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u306b\u8ee2\u8eab\u3057\u305f\u30ef\u30ec\u30b5\u306f\u3001\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u5bfe\u6297\u3059\u308b\u72ec\u7acb\u52b4\u50cd\u904b\u52d5\u300c\u9023\u5e2f\u300d\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30021983\u5e74\u306b\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u5e73\u548c\u8cde\u3092\u53d7\u8cde\u3057\u30011990\u5e74\u304b\u30891995\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u5927\u7d71\u9818\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e6\u30bc\u30d5\u30fb\u30d4\u30a6\u30b9\u30c4\u30ad (1867\u20131935):<\/strong>\u00a0\u5c0a\u656c\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u72ec\u7acb\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u7387\u3044\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u6226\u9593\u671f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30021920\u5e74\u306e\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u306e\u6226\u3044\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30bd\u9023\u8ecd\u306e\u9032\u6483\u3092\u963b\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u52dd\u5229\u3092\u7acb\u6848\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30bf\u30cb\u30b9\u30ef\u30d5\u30fb\u30f4\u30a9\u30a4\u30c1\u30a7\u30db\u30d5\u30b9\u30ad (1869\u20131953):<\/strong>\u00a0\u6df7\u4e71\u3057\u305f\u8b70\u4f1a\u6642\u4ee3\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3057\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u200b\u200b\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u5927\u7d71\u9818\uff081922\uff5e1926\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ab\u30b7\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30ad\u3068\u30bf\u30c7\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30b3\u30b7\u30c1\u30e5\u30b7\u30e5\u30b3\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u72ec\u7acb\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u6226\u3063\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u751f\u307e\u308c\u306e\u5c06\u8ecd\u3067\u3001\u4eca\u3082\u81ea\u7531\u306e\u8c61\u5fb4\u3067\u3059\uff08\u7c73\u56fd\u306b\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u8a18\u5ff5\u7891\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ed\u30e0\u30a2\u30eb\u30c9\u30fb\u30c8\u30e9\u30a6\u30ac\u30c3\u30c8:<\/strong>\u00a01\u6708\u8702\u8d77\uff081863\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u6b89\u6559\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u81ea\u7136\u3068\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u5b9f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u751f\u614b\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8c4a\u304b\u3067\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u304c\u751f\u606f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5317\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6c37\u6cb3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u524a\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f2,000\u3082\u306e\u6e56\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u30de\u30ba\u30fc\u30ea\u6e56\u6c34\u5730\u65b9\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b7\u30e5\u30cb\u30e3\u30eb\u30c9\u30f4\u30a3\u6e56\uff08114 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3092\u9a5a\u304b\u305b\u308b\u4e8b\u5b9f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u306f\u5947\u5999\u306a\u8c46\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul 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\u65e9\u53e3\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300c999\u306e\u56fd\u7c4d\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5730\u5143\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u3001\u9023\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u5b50\u97f3\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u00a0<em>\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9<\/em>\uff08\u8349\u306e\u8449\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\uff09\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5730\u306e\u4eba\u3067\u3082\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u8a66\u3059\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u8da3\u5473:<\/strong>\u00a0\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u990a\u8702\u3068\u679c\u6a39\u5712\u3067\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u3092\u597d\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u6570\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30b4\u751f\u7523\u56fd\u3067\u3059\uff08\u7279\u306b\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u30c7\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u30b9\u3068\u30ac\u30e9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0:<\/strong>\u00a0\u9632\u5f3e\u30c1\u30e7\u30c3\u30ad\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u306f\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u982d\u306b\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\uff08\u30ab\u30b8\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30c4\u30a7\u30b0\u30ec\u30f3\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30bf\u30b8\u30fc\u4f5c\u5bb6\u306e\u5c0f\u8aac\u3092\u539f\u4f5c\u3068\u3057\u305f\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u300c\u30a6\u30a3\u30c3\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300d\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30bb\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u30c6\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u540d\u3092\u4e16\u306b\u77e5\u3089\u3057\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a18\u9332\u3068\u6700\u512a\u79c0\u8cde<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u57ce\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30de\u30eb\u30dc\u30eb\u30af\u57ce\u306f 52 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class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-medium-font-size\"><blockquote><p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073EU\u52a0\u76df\u56fd\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u304c\u7121\u6599\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u73cd\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u304c\u533b\u5b66\u3084\u5de5\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u6d77\u5916\u7559\u5b66\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5c02\u9580\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u5e30\u56fd\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p><cite>\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f<br><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30af\u30e9\u30af\u30d5\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u4e2d\u592e\u5e83\u5834\u3001\u8056\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u5927\u8056\u5802\uff08\u5fc3\u306b\u97ff\u304f\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u30d8\u30a4\u30ca\u30eb\u306e\u97f3\u8272\u306b\u8033\u3092\u50be\u3051\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af\u69d8\u5f0f\u306e\u30f4\u30a1\u30f4\u30a7\u30eb\u57ce\u3092\u6563\u7b56\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30ab\u30b8\u30df\u30a8\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u8857\u306e\u72ed\u3044\u8def\u5730\u3092\u6563\u7b56\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8fd1\u304f\u306e\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30ea\u30c1\u30ab\u5ca9\u5869\u5751\u3078\u8db3\u3092\u8e0f\u307f\u5165\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3082\u304a\u52e7\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30ec\u30b8\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u751f\u304d\u305f\u6559\u8a13\u3002\u30b7\u30e7\u30d1\u30f3\u306e\u8a18\u5ff5\u7891\u304c\u3042\u308b\u738b\u7acb\u30ef\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30ad\u516c\u5712\u3092\u6563\u7b56\u3057\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u306b\u518d\u5efa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65e7\u5e02\u8857\u5e02\u5834\u5e83\u5834\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u00a0<em>\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u7f8e\u8853\u9928<\/em>\u00a0\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306e\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u30fb\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u30fc\u8de1\u5730\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3053\u306e\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7cfb\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u7269\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30ef\u30eb\u30b7\u30e3\u30ef\u306f\u3001\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u3084\u73fe\u4ee3\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u8f1d\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30f4\u30ed\u30c4\u30ef\u30d5\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30aa\u30fc\u30c7\u30eb\u5ddd\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u3076\u5cf6\u3005\u3068\u6a4b\u3005\u304c\u7e54\u308a\u306a\u3059\u3001\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u306a\u8857\u3001\u30f4\u30ed\u30c4\u30ef\u30d5\u3002\u8272\u9bae\u3084\u304b\u306a\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u5e83\u5834\u3068\u5927\u8056\u5802\u5cf6\uff08\u30aa\u30b9\u30c8\u30eb\u30d5\u30fb\u30c8\u30a5\u30e0\u30b9\u30ad\uff09\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u9b45\u60d1\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30f4\u30ed\u30c4\u30ef\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u8857\u306e\u9685\u3005\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f300\u4f53\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u30d6\u30ed\u30f3\u30ba\u50cf\u300c\u5c0f\u4eba\u300d\u3067\u3082\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3001\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u4e00\u98a8\u5909\u308f\u3063\u305f\u63a2\u3057\u7269\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30b0\u30c0\u30cb\u30b9\u30af:<\/strong>\u00a0\u30d0\u30eb\u30c8\u6d77\u6cbf\u5cb8\u306e\u6e2f\u753a\u3002\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u30cd\u30d7\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5674\u6c34\u306f\u30cf\u30f3\u30b6\u540c\u76df\u6642\u4ee3\u3092\u5f77\u5f7f\u3068\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5e2f\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30a4\u30ad\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u8a18\u5ff5\u3059\u308b\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6d77\u8fba\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30fc\u30c8\u5730\u30bd\u30dd\u30c8\u3068\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u306a\u7802\u4e18\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u6d77\u5cb8\u6cbf\u3044\u306e\u68ee\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6563\u7b56\u306b\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30b6\u30b3\u30d1\u30cd\u3068\u30bf\u30c8\u30e9\u5c71\u8108\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u306e\u9996\u90fd\u3002\u30bf\u30c8\u30e9\u56fd\u7acb\u516c\u5712\u3067\u30cf\u30a4\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30ab\u30b9\u30d7\u30ed\u30f4\u30a3\u30fb\u30f4\u30a3\u30a7\u30eb\u30d5\u5c71\u3078\u30b1\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30fc\u3067\u767b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u51ac\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u5834\u3068\u711a\u304d\u706b\u3067\u713c\u304b\u308c\u305f\u30d1\u30f3\u304c\u3001\u661f\u7a7a\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u63fa\u308c\u52d5\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30e2\u30eb\u30b9\u30ad\u30a8\u30fb\u30aa\u30b3\u6e56\u5468\u8fba\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3082\u304a\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u304f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30d3\u30e3\u30a6\u30a9\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30b8\u30e3\u306e\u68ee:<\/strong>\u00a0\u91ce\u751f\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u3092\u6e80\u55ab\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8a2a\u308c\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u4ed8\u304d\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u91ce\u751f\u306e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u30d0\u30a4\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u7fa4\u308c\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u306e\u68ee\u306f\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3092\u611f\u3058\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30de\u30ba\u30fc\u30ea\u6e56\u7fa4:<\/strong>\u00a0\u30dc\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u30ab\u30e4\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u30022,000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u6e56\u3092\u5de1\u308a\u3001\u8305\u847a\u304d\u5c4b\u6839\u306e\u30b3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u7acb\u3061\u4e26\u3076\u8da3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6751\u3005\u3092\u901a\u308a\u904e\u304e\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6e56\u3001\u30b7\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2\u30eb\u30c9\u30f4\u30a3\u306f\u30bb\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30c8\u30eb\u30f3:<\/strong>\u00a0\u77f3\u7573\u306e\u9053\u3068\u30b8\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30d6\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u9999\u308a\u3002\u8857\u306e\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u753a\u306f\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\u306b\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3067\u306f\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u304a\u83d3\u5b50\u4f5c\u308a\u3092\u4f53\u9a13\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u00a0<em>\u30b8\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30d6\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9<\/em>\u00a0\uff08\u30b8\u30f3\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30d6\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30ab\u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u30ea\u30a2\u30fb\u30bc\u30d6\u30b8\u30c9\u30d5\u30b9\u30ab:<\/strong>\u00a0\u4e18\u306e\u4e2d\u8179\u306b\u793c\u62dd\u5802\u304c\u5efa\u3064\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u306e\u5de1\u793c\u516c\u5712\u3002\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u306f\u5de1\u793c\u8005\u304c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u306e\u9053\u3092\u5de1\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30ea\u30c1\u30ab\u5ca9\u5869\u5751:<\/strong>\u00a0\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u30c4\u30a2\u30fc\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5869\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5f6b\u3089\u308c\u3001\u5869\u306e\u7d50\u6676\u3067\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3\u30c7\u30ea\u30a2\u304c\u98fe\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8056\u30ad\u30f3\u30ac\u793c\u62dd\u5802\u3092\u898b\u5b66\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96a0\u308c\u305f\u540d\u6240\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8981\u585e\u90fd\u5e02\u30ab\u30b8\u30df\u30a8\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30c9\u30eb\u30cb\uff08\u30f4\u30a3\u30b9\u30ef\u5ddd\u306e\u666f\u8272\u3068\u82b8\u8853\u30b3\u30ed\u30cb\u30fc\uff09\u3001\u30aa\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u57ce\u306e\u907a\u8de1\u3001\u30a6\u30c3\u30c1\u306e\u7523\u696d\u53f2\uff08\u6d3b\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30d4\u30e7\u30c8\u30eb\u30b3\u30d5\u30b9\u30ab\u901a\u308a\u3068\u30a6\u30c3\u30c1\u6620\u753b\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8a2a\u554f\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u30a8\u30c1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u793c\u5100\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u5c0a\u91cd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u597d\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u3054\u6328\u62f6:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u7537\u6027\u306f\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u3057\u305f\u63e1\u624b\u3068\u30a2\u30a4\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5973\u6027\u306f\u9837\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3088\u308a\u7a4f\u3084\u304b\u306a\u63e1\u624b\u3092\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3082\u69cb\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u304a\u5e97\u3084\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002&nbsp;<em>\u304a\u306f\u3088\u3046<\/em>&nbsp;\uff08\u300c\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u300d\uff09\u3002\u3044\u3064\u3082\u300c\u3055\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3089\u300d\u3092\u8a00\u3046\uff08&nbsp;<em>\u3055\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3089<\/em>&nbsp;\uff09\u3092\u51fa\u767a\u6642\u306b\u304a\u6e21\u3057\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u8857\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u3057\u305f\u670d\u88c5\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u306b\u884c\u304f\u969b\u306f\u3001\u80a9\u3092\u8986\u3046\u670d\u88c5\uff08\u7537\u6027\u306f\u5e3d\u5b50\u3092\u8131\u3050\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30e7\u30fc\u30c8\u30d1\u30f3\u30c4\u306f\u907f\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30c0\u30a4\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;If invited to a home, bring a small gift (flowers or chocolates). Note: give&nbsp;an odd number of flowers&nbsp;(even is reserved for funerals). Take off shoes if asked. Toasts are common; wait for the host to propose a toast and maintain eye contact when drinking.<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30c1\u30c3\u30d7:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30d5\u306b\u306f10%\u306e\u30c1\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u559c\u3093\u3067\u304a\u6e21\u3057\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3054\u4e0d\u660e\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8acb\u6c42\u984d\u3092\u5207\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u304a\u652f\u6255\u3044\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306b\u306f\u63a7\u3048\u3081\u306a\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u5ea6\u89aa\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u6e29\u304b\u304f\u8a71\u3057\u4e0a\u624b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5e74\u914d\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u76f8\u624b\u304c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u3059\u3050\u306b\u306f\u8a71\u984c\u306b\u4e0a\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u5206\u5272\u3084\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a71\u3059\u3068\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u63a5\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<br>\u2013&nbsp;<strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u6982\u3057\u3066\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3059\u3002\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u306f\u7a00\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u89b3\u5149\u5730\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u6df7\u96d1\u3057\u305f\u5834\u6240\u3067\u306f\u30b9\u30ea\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u591c\u9593\u306f\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\uff08\u7279\u306b\u82e5\u3044\u4e16\u4ee3\uff09\u3067\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u901a\u3058\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u8a9e\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\uff08prosz\u0119\u3001dzi\u0119kuj\u0119\u3001przepraszam\uff09\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u899a\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3051\u3070\u3001\u304d\u3063\u3068\u7b11\u9854\u306b\u306a\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u306a\u305c\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f123\u5e74\u9593\u5730\u56f3\u304b\u3089\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: 18\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u96a3\u56fd\uff08\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u9818\u571f\u30923\u6bb5\u968e\uff081772\u5e74\u30011793\u5e74\u30011795\u5e74\uff09\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5272\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021795\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u56fd\u5bb6\u306f\u6d88\u6ec5\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3084\u8702\u8d77\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u30011918\u5e74\u306b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u7d42\u7d50\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u304c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u3073\u51fa\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30ea\u30c8\u30a2\u30cb\u30a2\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: 1569\u5e74\u304b\u30891795\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u30ea\u30c8\u30a2\u30cb\u30a2\u306f\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30ea\u30c8\u30a2\u30cb\u30a2\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u4e8c\u91cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d0\u30eb\u30c8\u6d77\u304b\u3089\u9ed2\u6d77\u307e\u3067\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u5e83\u5927\u306a\u5e1d\u56fd\u3067\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u306f\u8cb4\u65cf\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8b70\u4f1a\uff08\u30bb\u30a4\u30e0\uff09\u304c\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6a29\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72ec\u7279\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u300216\u4e16\u7d00\u304b\u308917\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u6709\u6570\u306e\u5927\u56fd\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u8056\u540d\u795d\u65e5\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: \u540d\u524d\u306e\u65e5\uff08<em>\u540d\u524d\u306e\u65e5<\/em>\uff09\u306f\u8056\u4eba\u306e\u795d\u65e5\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u3084\u30df\u30ab\u30a8\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u8056\u4eba\u306b\u3061\u306a\u3093\u3067\u30ab\u30ec\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u4e0a\u306e\u65e5\u4ed8\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u8a95\u751f\u65e5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u3001\u98df\u3079\u7269\u3001\u8d08\u308a\u7269\u306a\u3069\u3067\u8056\u540d\u795d\u65e5\u3092\u795d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u5e74\u914d\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u306f\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u3067\u5915\u98df\u3092\u56f2\u3093\u3067\u8056\u540d\u795d\u65e5\u3092\u795d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u306a\u305c\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u6559\u304c\u305d\u308c\u307b\u3069\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u897f\u66a6966\u5e74\u306b\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u3092\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u306b\u306f\u897f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3068\u6b69\u8abf\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u4f55\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u308b\u5916\u56fd\u7d71\u6cbb\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u6291\u5727\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u4f1d\u7d71\u3092\u5b88\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306e\u7d0487%\u304c\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u6559\u5f92\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u884c\u4e8b\uff08\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30de\u30b9\u3001\u30a4\u30fc\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3001\u4e07\u8056\u7bc0\uff09\u306f\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u6587\u5316\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: \u306f\u3044\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u89b3\u5149\u5ba2\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5b89\u5168\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3082\u89aa\u5207\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6df7\u96d1\u3057\u305f\u89b3\u5149\u5730\u3067\u306f\uff08\u4ed6\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff09\u30b9\u30ea\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u3084\u96fb\u8eca\u5185\u3067\u306f\u7279\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9053\u8def\u306f\u6982\u306d\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u6a5f\u95a2\u3082\u5145\u5b9f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7dca\u6025\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3082\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08112\u756a\u306b\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u5b89\u5168\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u56fd\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u3088\u304f\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30ea\u30c1\u30ab\u5ca9\u5869\u5751\u306e\u4f55\u304c\u7279\u5225\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: \u30f4\u30a3\u30a8\u30ea\u30c1\u30ab\u5ca9\u5869\u5751\uff08\u30af\u30e9\u30af\u30d5\u8fd1\u90ca\uff09\u306f\u3001\u5869\u3067\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ea\u30fc\u3084\u793c\u62dd\u5802\u304c\u4e26\u3076\u5730\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u63a1\u6398\u306f13\u4e16\u7d00\u306b\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001700\u5e74\u3082\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8a2a\u554f\u8005\u306f\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u6b69\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u7cbe\u5de7\u306a\u5869\u306e\u5f6b\u523b\u3084\u3001\u5869\u3067\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30b7\u30e3\u30f3\u30c7\u30ea\u30a2\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u5927\u8056\u5802\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u6700\u53e4\u306e\u89b3\u5149\u540d\u6240\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9271\u5c71\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30e6\u30cd\u30b9\u30b3\u4e16\u754c\u907a\u7523\u306b\u3082\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u30a2\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c4\u30fb\u30d3\u30eb\u30b1\u30ca\u30a6\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: \u30aa\u30b7\u30d5\u30a3\u30a8\u30f3\u30c1\u30e0\u8fd1\u90ca\u306e\u30a2\u30a6\u30b7\u30e5\u30f4\u30a3\u30c3\u30c4\uff1d\u30d3\u30eb\u30b1\u30ca\u30a6\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u3001\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u30fb\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u304c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3057\u305f\u5f37\u5236\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u30fb\u7d76\u6ec5\u53ce\u5bb9\u6240\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002100\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u6bba\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3068\u8a18\u5ff5\u9928\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5175\u820e\u3001\u30ac\u30b9\u5ba4\u3001\u713c\u5374\u7089\u306a\u3069\u3092\u898b\u5b66\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u53b3\u7c9b\u306a\u8a18\u61b6\u3092\u4eca\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u5834\u6240\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q: \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u7121\u6599\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/strong><br>A: 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