{"id":2554,"date":"2024-08-15T10:42:08","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T10:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=2554"},"modified":"2026-02-25T23:42:40","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:42:40","slug":"zakazane-mesto-v-centru-pekingu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/magazine\/tourist-attractions\/the-forbidden-city-in-the-center-of-beijing\/","title":{"rendered":"Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 M\u011bsto V Centru Pekingu"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto<\/strong> (Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto, Zijincheng<\/em>) je rozlehl\u00fd b\u00fdval\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd pal\u00e1c v srdci Pekingu. V\u00edce ne\u017e 500 let (1420\u20131924) slou\u017eil jako politick\u00e9 a ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed centrum \u010c\u00edny a s\u00eddlil v n\u011bm 24 c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f dynasti\u00ed Ming (\u660e) a \u010cching (\u6e05). Tento 72hektarov\u00fd komplex, obehnan\u00fd 10 metr\u016f vysok\u00fdmi zdmi a 52 metr\u016f \u0161irok\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkopem, je nyn\u00ed Pal\u00e1cov\u00fdm muzeem a je zaps\u00e1n na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. V \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 G\u00f9g\u014dng<\/em> (\u6545\u5bab, \u201eB\u00fdval\u00fd pal\u00e1c\u201c). Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dochovan\u00fdm starov\u011bk\u00fdm pal\u00e1cov\u00fdm komplexem na sv\u011bt\u011b a zt\u011bles\u0148uje c\u00edsa\u0159skou architekturu a symboliku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto bylo s\u00eddlem 24 c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f a obsahuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 000 m\u00edstnost\u00ed (tradi\u010dn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bno 9 999).<\/p>V\u011bd\u011bli jste?
<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 fakta: \u2013 Rezidence:<\/strong> Domov 14 c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f dynastie Ming a 10 c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f z dynastie \u010cching (1420\u20131912, \u201eSyn nebes\u201c).
\u2013 Velikost:<\/strong> ~72 hektar\u016f (178 akr\u016f), 961 \u00d7 753 m (3152 \u00d7 2470 stop).
\u2013 Struktura:<\/strong> 98 hlavn\u00edch budov ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00edch, ~8 800 vnit\u0159n\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed (plus poklady).
\u2013 Dnes:<\/strong> Pam\u00e1tka sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO (zapsan\u00e1 v roce 1987) a pekingsk\u00e9 pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 muzeum s expozicemi dynastick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historie Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Historie Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta za\u010dala, kdy\u017e c\u00edsa\u0159 Jung-le<\/em> (\u6731\u68e3) z dynastie Ming p\u0159esunul hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto z Nankingu do Pekingu. Jeho v\u00fdstavbu na\u0159\u00eddil v roce 1406 a b\u011bhem 14 let (1406\u20131420) zde pracovala pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla... asi milion d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a 100 000 \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f<\/strong> postavil pal\u00e1c. Materi\u00e1l se sv\u00e1\u017eel z cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny \u2013 v zim\u011b byly dokonce i silnice pokryt\u00e9 ledem, aby se po ledu daly klouzat t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kl\u00e1dy a kameny. Legenda prav\u00ed, \u017ee lod\u011b do m\u011bsta p\u0159ivezly p\u011bt obrovsk\u00fdch bronzov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch k\u00e1d\u00ed (ka\u017ed\u00e1 o hmotnosti 4 tuny), kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako z\u00e1sob\u00e1rny ohn\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201ezlat\u00e9 cihly\u201c<\/em> byly vyp\u00e1leny ze suzhousk\u00e9 hl\u00edny pro pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 podlahy a cen\u011bny Phoebe Zhennan<\/em> Na hlavn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159e bylo pou\u017eito d\u0159evo (\u6968\u6960).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • 1420:<\/strong> Stavba dokon\u010dena a c\u00edsa\u0159 Jung-le se usadil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1420\u20131644 (Ming):<\/strong> Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto je c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm srdcem dynastie Ming. V roce 1601 do n\u011bj Matteo Ricci vstoupil jako c\u00edsa\u0159\u016fv host.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1644 (za\u010d\u00e1tek dynastie \u010cching):<\/strong> Mand\u017eusk\u00e9 s\u00edly obsazuj\u00ed Peking; nov\u00ed vl\u00e1dci dynastie \u010cching zde konaj\u00ed sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed tr\u016fnn\u00ed ceremoni\u00e1l. Z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zachovali styl pal\u00e1ce z doby mingsk\u00e9, zm\u011bnili v\u0161ak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1zvy budov (nap\u0159. \u592a\u548c\u6bbf S\u00ed\u0148 imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti<\/em> \u2192 S\u00ed\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie S\u00ed\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie<\/em>C\u00edsa\u0159i a vdovy c\u00edsa\u0159oven z dynastie \u010cching zde \u017eili a vl\u00e1dli a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1900\u20131901 (Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed okupace):<\/strong> B\u011bhem boxersk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed uprchla c\u00edsa\u0159ovna vdova Cixi do\u010dasn\u011b ze Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 bylo okupov\u00e1no zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi silami a\u017e do roku 1901.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1912:<\/strong> Posledn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 Puyi abdikoval, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ukon\u010dil tis\u00edcilet\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Dohoda Puyimu umo\u017enila z\u016fstat ve Vnit\u0159n\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1924:<\/strong> Vojev\u016fdce Feng J\u00fc-siang vyhnal Puyiho z pal\u00e1ce. V \u0159\u00edjnu 1925 bylo toto m\u00edsto p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bno na Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 muzeum<\/strong>, otev\u0159en\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1933\u201345:<\/strong> Kdy\u017e Japonsko napadlo \u010c\u00ednu, byly z Pekingu do S'-\u010dchuanu evakuov\u00e1ny des\u00edtky tis\u00edc artefakt\u016f; samotn\u00e9 Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto bylo obsazeno japonsk\u00fdmi vojsky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1966\u20131971:<\/strong> B\u011bhem Kulturn\u00ed revoluce se jen t\u011bsn\u011b zabr\u00e1nilo velk\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m. Premi\u00e9r \u010cou En-laj rozm\u00edstil voj\u00e1ky, aby m\u00edsto st\u0159e\u017eili, a uzav\u0159el br\u00e1ny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zabr\u00e1nil Rud\u00fdm gard\u00e1m zni\u010dit pal\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1987:<\/strong> UNESCO zapsalo Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto (c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching v Pekingu a \u0160en-jangu) na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a ozna\u010dilo ho za \u201eneoceniteln\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 civilizace\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2005\u2013sou\u010dasnost:<\/strong> Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 muzeum provedlo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rekonstrukci komplexu za dv\u011b stolet\u00ed a postupn\u011b opravovalo budovy do stavu p\u0159ed rokem 1912.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Stavebn\u00ed z\u00e1zrak:<\/strong> Nad 14 let (1406\u20131420)<\/strong> t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,1 milionu pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong> postavil Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Mohutn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop byl vykop\u00e1n ru\u010dn\u011b a zdi (7,9 m vysok\u00e9, 8,62 m \u0161irok\u00e9 v z\u00e1kladn\u011b) byly z dusan\u00e9 zeminy s trojit\u00fdm cihlov\u00fdm oblo\u017een\u00edm a maltou z r\u00fd\u017ee a b\u00edlku pro pevnost. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 toto \u00fasil\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159ovy ambice: legenda dokonce prav\u00ed, \u017ee v pal\u00e1ci je 9 999 m\u00edstnost\u00ed \u2013 o jednu m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 000, co\u017e je po\u010det nebes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"ZAK\u00c1ZAN\u00c9-M\u011aSTO-LE\u017d\u00cd-V-CENTRU-PEKINGU\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a rozvr\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Geograficky se Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b uprost\u0159ed historick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b Pekingu<\/strong>Le\u017e\u00ed pod\u00e9l hlavn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 silnice severoji\u017en\u00ed osa<\/strong>od br\u00e1ny Jung-ding na jihu, p\u0159es N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho klidu (dal\u0161\u00ed br\u00e1na) a Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto a d\u00e1le 7,5 km na sever kolem parku \u0164ing-\u0161an ke star\u00e9 Bubnov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei a Zvonici. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee tato osa je m\u00edrn\u011b naklon\u011bna k severoz\u00e1padu (o ~2\u00b0) \u2013 v\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se shoduje s Shangdu<\/strong>, mongolsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto \u010c\u00edny z doby dynastie J\u00fcan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pal\u00e1c je \u010dtvercov\u00fd p\u016fdorys<\/strong> t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 km na stran\u011b. Obklopuje ho mohutn\u00e1 cihlov\u00e1 ze\u010f (vysok\u00e1 7,9 m) s v\u011b\u017ei\u010dkami str\u00e1\u017en\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m rohu a \u0161irok\u00fdm vodn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkopem. Severn\u011b za p\u0159\u00edkopem se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kopec Jingshan (\u666f\u5c71), um\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1sep postaven\u00fd z pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 hl\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vnit\u0159n\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dodr\u017euje p\u0159\u00edsnou symetrii. Komplex se d\u011bl\u00ed na Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (p\u0159edn\u00ed) n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed<\/strong> a Vnit\u0159n\u00ed (zadn\u00ed) kurt<\/strong>Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed zab\u00edr\u00e1 ji\u017en\u00ed polovinu: nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se zde velk\u00e9 ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed na severu slou\u017eilo jako obytn\u00e9 prostory c\u00edsa\u0159e a c\u00edsa\u0159ovny. V\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 budovy (zejm\u00e9na hlavn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b) jsou v souladu s feng-\u0161uej a konfuci\u00e1nskou kosmologi\u00ed orientov\u00e1ny na jih pod\u00e9l centr\u00e1ln\u00ed osy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • The C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 m\u011bsto<\/strong>Samotn\u00e9 Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto bylo obehn\u00e1no je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zd\u00ed \u201eC\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta\u201c (zbo\u0159enou ve 20. stolet\u00ed), kter\u00e1 ho odd\u011blovala od okol\u00ed. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong> od Pekingu. Ji\u017en\u011b odtud le\u017eel Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong> (nyn\u00ed N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Nebesk\u00e9ho klidu), historicky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro masov\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a trhy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vs. vnit\u0159n\u00ed kurt:<\/strong> The Meridi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 br\u00e1na (<\/strong>Meridi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 br\u00e1na (W\u01d4m\u00e9n)<\/strong> v ji\u017en\u00ed zdi vede do vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed; severn\u00ed Br\u00e1na bo\u017esk\u00e9 moci (<\/strong>Br\u00e1na Shenwu (Br\u00e1na Shenwu)<\/strong> otev\u00edr\u00e1 se z vnit\u0159n\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed do c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 zahrady. Mezi nimi se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed terasy z b\u00edl\u00e9ho mramoru, na kter\u00fdch stoj\u00ed tri\u00e1da velk\u00fdch s\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • P\u0159\u00edkop a zdi:<\/strong> Cel\u00fd pal\u00e1c obklopuje 52 metr\u016f \u0161irok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop. Uvnit\u0159 hradeb se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed jezera, zahrady a men\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 72 hektarech (178 akrech), co\u017e je srovnateln\u00e9 s asi 100 fotbalov\u00fdmi h\u0159i\u0161ti. M\u011b\u0159\u00ed zhruba 961 \u00d7 753 metr\u016f. Ohradn\u00ed ze\u010f je vysok\u00e1 7,9 m a okoln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkop je \u0161irok\u00fd 52 m.<\/p>Rychl\u00fd fakt
      <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      P\u016fdorys<\/strong>Po vstupu do Poledn\u00ed br\u00e1ny se ocitnete na obrovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a um\u011bl\u00e9m potoku zvan\u00e9m Zlat\u00e1 \u0159eka (tekouc\u00edm pod p\u011bti mramorov\u00fdmi mosty). Na severu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Br\u00e1na Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie a trojice s\u00e1l\u016f (S\u00ed\u0148 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie, Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed harmonie, Zachov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed harmonie) na stoupaj\u00edc\u00edch teras\u00e1ch. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed za n\u00ed zahrnuje hlavn\u00ed rezidenci c\u00edsa\u0159e (Pal\u00e1c nebesk\u00e9 \u010distoty) a c\u00edsa\u0159ovnu (Pal\u00e1c pozemsk\u00e9ho klidu), lemovan\u00e9 obytn\u00fdmi prostory pro man\u017eelky, konkub\u00edny a prince. A kone\u010dn\u011b na sam\u00e9m severu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 zahrada<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Architektonick\u00e1 mistrovsk\u00e1 d\u00edla<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto obsahuje des\u00edtky pozoruhodn\u00fdch budov. Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 stavby pod\u00e9l centr\u00e1ln\u00ed osy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Meridian Gate (\u5348\u95e8, W\u01d4m\u00e9n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed vchod. M\u00e1 p\u011bt oblouk\u016f<\/strong> (p\u011bt dve\u0159\u00ed) korunovan\u00fdch p\u011bti st\u0159echami. Centr\u00e1ln\u00edm obloukem mohl proj\u00edt pouze c\u00edsa\u0159; \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci a vyslanci na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b museli pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dty\u0159i bo\u010dn\u00ed oblouky. Stoj\u00edc\u00ed kolem 38 m vysok\u00fd (125 stop)<\/strong>, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se postava Poledn\u00ed br\u00e1ny a jej\u00ed lv\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla symbolizuj\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159skou moc a autoritu. Str\u00e1\u017ee, kter\u00e9 zde kdysi b\u00fdvaly, kontrolovaly p\u0159\u00edstup do srdce pal\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Centr\u00e1ln\u00edm port\u00e1lem Poledn\u00ed br\u00e1ny sm\u011bl vstoupit pouze c\u00edsa\u0159. Dokonce i c\u00edsa\u0159ovna ji mohla pou\u017e\u00edt pouze jednou (v den sv\u00e9 svatby).<\/p>C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 privilegia
      <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      S\u00ed\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie (\u592a\u548c\u6bbf, T\u00e0ih\u00e9di\u00e0n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejvelkolep\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00e1l na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mramorov\u00e9 terase. Je to ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed centrum<\/strong>Zde byli dosazeni na tr\u016fn nov\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159i a pod zlacenou st\u0159echou se konaly v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly (svatby, novoro\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ady). S\u00e1l je 96 m \u0161irok\u00fd a 37,2 m hlubok\u00fd<\/strong>Zhruba stoup\u00e1 30\u201335 m nad zem\u00ed<\/strong>, je to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e1 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 stavba v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Jej\u00ed interi\u00e9r se py\u0161n\u00ed 72 malovan\u00fdmi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi sloupy, vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00fdmi draky a pozlacen\u00fdm dra\u010d\u00edm tr\u016fnem c\u00edsa\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Dvoupl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 st\u0159echa S\u00edn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie je pokryta c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u017elut\u00fdmi glazovan\u00fdmi dla\u017edicemi (barva vyhrazen\u00e1 pro c\u00edsa\u0159e) a na h\u0159ebeni je korunov\u00e1na deseti ornament\u00e1ln\u00edmi postavami (dev\u00e1t\u00e1 a des\u00e1t\u00e1 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201ehangshi\u201c a \u201ehangshi\u201c, co\u017e ozna\u010duje jej\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hall of Central Harmony (\u4e2d\u548c\u6bbf, Zh\u014dngh\u00e9di\u00e0n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Men\u0161\u00ed \u010dtvercov\u00fd pavilon severn\u011b od S\u00edn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie. Slou\u017eil jako prostor pro odpo\u010dinek a p\u0159\u00edpravu c\u00edsa\u0159e mezi ob\u0159ady. Jeho design odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00e1ly se st\u0159echou ze \u017elut\u00fdch ta\u0161ek a \u010derven\u00fdmi sloupy, ale ve skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. (Nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky, funguje hlavn\u011b jako p\u0159echodn\u00e1 \u010dek\u00e1rna.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hall of Central Harmony (\u4e2d\u548c\u6bbf, Zh\u014dngh\u00e9di\u00e0n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Men\u0161\u00ed \u010dtvercov\u00fd pavilon severn\u011b od S\u00edn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie. Slou\u017eil jako prostor pro odpo\u010dinek a p\u0159\u00edpravu c\u00edsa\u0159e mezi ob\u0159ady. Jeho design odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00e1ly se st\u0159echou ze \u017elut\u00fdch ta\u0161ek a \u010derven\u00fdmi sloupy, ale ve skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. (Nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky, funguje hlavn\u011b jako p\u0159echodn\u00e1 \u010dek\u00e1rna.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ve schodi\u0161ti za S\u00edn\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed harmonie je zapu\u0161t\u011bna jedin\u00e1 mramorov\u00e1 deska dlouh\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 16,6 metr\u016f a v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed 250 tun, slo\u017eit\u011b vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e1 s dev\u00edti sto\u010den\u00fdmi draky hraj\u00edc\u00edmi si s perlou. Je to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kamenn\u00e1 socha v Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e1 70 km daleko a na m\u00edsto dopraven\u00e1 20 000 mu\u017ei. Nikdo pod c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm trestem se t\u00e9to posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 rytiny nemohl nikdy dotknout.<\/p>In\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd v\u00fdkon
      <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Pal\u00e1c nebesk\u00e9 \u010distoty (\u4e7e\u6e05\u5bab, Qi\u00e1nq\u012bngg\u014dng)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed budova ve Vnit\u0159n\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed rezidence c\u00edsa\u0159e a audien\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1l. Postavena v roce 1420 a p\u0159estav\u011bna v roce 1798, jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev evokuje \u010cchien<\/em> trigram (\u2630, nebe) z knihy I-\u0165ing. Jeho hlavn\u00ed s\u00e1l vyu\u017e\u00edvali c\u00edsa\u0159i dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, ne\u017e se v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dynasti\u00edch p\u0159est\u011bhovali do skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prostor. C\u00edsa\u0159 \u010cchien-lung zde dokonce po\u0159\u00e1dal hostiny pro star\u0161\u00ed (\u4e0a\u5bff\u5bb4). Dnes se zde nach\u00e1z\u00ed introna\u010dn\u00ed deska a zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 se zde atmosf\u00e9ra kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch prostor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      S\u00ed\u0148 pozemsk\u00e9ho klidu (\u5764\u5b81\u5bab, K\u016bnn\u00edngg\u014dng)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      P\u016fvodn\u011b hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddlo c\u00edsa\u0159ovny, jeho n\u00e1zev evokuje Kdy\u017e<\/em> trigram (\u2637, Zem\u011b). Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00fdm m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fdm architektonick\u00fdm stylem (odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edm mand\u017eusk\u00fd vliv a osobn\u00ed vkus c\u00edsa\u0159oven vdov) zde c\u00edsa\u0159ovna p\u0159ij\u00edmala konkub\u00edny a konaly se zde c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 svatby. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee to byla jedin\u00e1 budova s \u200b\u200b\u010dernou st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed ta\u0161kou (m\u00edsto \u017elut\u00e9), kter\u00e1 symbolizovala vodu has\u00edc\u00ed ohe\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Imperial Garden (\u5fa1\u82b1\u56ed, Y\u00f9hu\u0101yu\u00e1n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Na severn\u00edm c\u00edpu komplexu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 1,2hektarov\u00e1 z\u00e1bavn\u00ed zahrada, postaven\u00e1 v roce 1417. Odchyluje se od p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 symetrie zbytku komplexu a nab\u00edz\u00ed star\u00e9 borovice, skalky, rybn\u00edky a klikat\u00e9 stezky. \u010cty\u0159i mal\u00e9 osmibok\u00e9 pavilony (ka\u017ed\u00fd pojmenovan\u00fd podle ro\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed) poskytuj\u00ed vyhl\u00eddky. Byla navr\u017eena jako soukrom\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 rodiny a slou\u017eila jako m\u00edsto pro odpo\u010dinek, rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a mal\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Rohov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee (\u89d2\u697c, Ji\u01ceol\u00f3u)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      V ka\u017ed\u00e9m ze \u010dty\u0159 roh\u016f se ty\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkolikapatrov\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u011b\u017e n\u00e1dhern\u00e9ho designu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e m\u00e1 dev\u00edtid\u00edlnou st\u0159echu s 72 ozdobn\u00fdch h\u0159eben\u016f st\u0159ech<\/strong> \u2013 odkaz na \u010dasto opakovan\u00fd motiv \u010d\u00edsla 72, kter\u00fd se objevuje v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 kosmologii a pal\u00e1cov\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. Podle legendy pot\u0159ebovali \u0159emesln\u00edci pomoc mistra stavitele Lu Ban<\/em> znovu sestavit tyto slo\u017eit\u00e9 struktury po renovaci, co\u017e podtrhuje jejich komplexnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      S\u00ed\u0148 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie je vysok\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 metr\u016f, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00e1l v komplexu. Spolu s ostatn\u00edmi hlavn\u00edmi s\u00e1ly se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi stavebn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy z Yingzao Fashi (\u5b8b\u4ee3\u8425\u9020\u6cd5\u5f0f) \u2013 manu\u00e1lu dynastie Song, kter\u00fd p\u0159edepisoval rozm\u011bry a dekorace podle hodnosti. Osov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, barvy st\u0159echy a dekorativn\u00ed motivy (draci a f\u00e9nixov\u00e9) \u2013 to v\u0161e vyjad\u0159uje p\u0159esnou hierarchii moci.<\/p>Architektonick\u00fd z\u00e1zrak
      <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


      \"ZAK\u00c1ZAN\u00c9-M\u011aSTO-LE\u017d\u00cd-V-CENTRU-PEKINGU\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Symbolika a filozofie designu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Ka\u017ed\u00fd aspekt designu Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta je nabit\u00fd symbolikou. Zako\u0159en\u011bno v Taoistick\u00e1 kosmologie a konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e1 hierarchie<\/strong>, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdzdoba deklaruj\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159\u016fv bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz a kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Cel\u00fd pal\u00e1c se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdm Yingzao Fashi<\/em> stavebn\u00ed standardy. V\u0161echny hlavn\u00ed haly le\u017e\u00ed na severoji\u017en\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ose (osa nebes) a v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je orientov\u00e1na na jih, aby uct\u00edvala slunce a trigram \u010cchien (Nebe).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u010c\u00edsla a barvy: \u010c\u00edslo 9<\/strong> je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd a symbolizuje c\u00edsa\u0159e. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed tradice tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee existuj\u00ed 9 999 pokoj\u016f<\/strong>, jeden m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e deset tis\u00edc (myri\u00e1da nebes). Osmice se tak\u00e9 vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 ve v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch z \u00facty k nebesk\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edslu. St\u0159echy jsou c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 \u017elut\u00e1<\/strong> glazovan\u00e9 dla\u017edice \u2013 v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce. \u010cerven\u00e9 zdi a sloupy (rum\u011blka) symbolizuj\u00ed radost, prosperitu a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u00fdtick\u00e9 motivy: Draci (\u9f8d) a f\u00e9nixov\u00e9 (\u9cf3) zdob\u00ed tr\u00e1my, sloupy a kamenn\u00e9 zdivo. Drak (\u010dasto s p\u011bti dr\u00e1py) je c\u00edsa\u0159ov\u00fdm znakem; f\u00e9nix p\u0159edstavuje c\u00edsa\u0159ovnu a energii jin. Spole\u010dn\u011b posiluj\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159ovu autoritu a rovnov\u00e1hu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad S\u00ed\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie<\/em> zdob\u00ed dra\u010d\u00ed motivy na malovan\u00fdch tr\u00e1mech a t\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e9 mramorov\u00e9 schody (dra\u010d\u00ed motivy na v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159ech stran\u00e1ch), kter\u00e9 symbolizuj\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159skou moc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Prostorov\u00e1 symbolika: Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto bylo v\u011bdom\u011b \u201ePal\u00e1c v miniatu\u0159e\u201c<\/strong> kosmick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Jeho vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed (ji\u017en\u00ed polovina) je uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1no ve skupin\u00e1ch po t\u0159ech (trigram Qian \u2630 pro Nebe) \u2013 t\u0159i br\u00e1ny, t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b \u2013 s d\u016frazem na energii jang. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed (severn\u00ed polovina) m\u00e1 stavby uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 ve skupin\u00e1ch po \u0161esti (trigram Kun \u2637 pro Zemi a \u017eenskost), kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed energie jinu a dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. C\u00edsa\u0159ovy man\u017eelky ve skute\u010dnosti \u017eily v \u0161esti z\u00e1padn\u00edch komplexech uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch ve vzoru Kun, co\u017e symbolizovalo jejich pod\u0159\u00edzenou, k zemi v\u00e1zanou roli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Symbol<\/strong><\/td>C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
      \u010c\u00edslo 9<\/strong><\/td>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jednocifern\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo; symbol c\u00edsa\u0159e. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee pal\u00e1c m\u00e1 9 999 pokoj\u016f (o jeden m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 000 v nebi) podtrhuje c\u00edsa\u0159ovo nebesk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>
      \u017dlu\u0165<\/strong> st\u0159echa<\/td>Barva c\u00edsa\u0159e (st\u0159edu vesm\u00edru). T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny st\u0159echy pal\u00e1c\u016f jsou ze \u017elut\u011b glazovan\u00fdch ta\u0161ek.<\/td><\/tr>
      \u010cerven\u00fd<\/strong> st\u011bny<\/td>P\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd a ochrann\u00fd; symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, prosperitu a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>
      drak (\u9f8d)<\/strong><\/td>Moc, s\u00edla a mu\u017esk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159. Dra\u010d\u00ed motivy (zejm\u00e9na p\u011btidr\u00e1p\u016f) se objevuj\u00ed na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch, tr\u016fnech a ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011btech.<\/td><\/tr>
      Phoenix (\u9cf3)<\/strong><\/td>Vysok\u00e1 ctnost a c\u00edsa\u0159ovna. \u010casto sp\u00e1rov\u00e1na s drakem, p\u0159edstavuje harmonii a rovnov\u00e1hu jin-jang.<\/td><\/tr>
      Trigramy \u2630 (\u010cchien)<\/strong><\/td>Nebe, mu\u017esk\u00e1 energie. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se ve skupin\u00e1ch po t\u0159ech s\u00e1lech ve Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm (ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00edm) n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr>
      Trigramy \u2637 (Kdy)<\/strong><\/td>Zem\u011b, \u017eensk\u00e1 energie. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se ve skupin\u00e1ch \u0161esti budov (pro konkub\u00edny vnit\u0159n\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed) a v uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Samotn\u00fd n\u00e1zev Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, Zijin Cheng (\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce) \u2013 Purpurov\u00e9 Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto \u2013 odkazuje na hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 nebe (Severn\u00ed hv\u011bzdu Ziwei \u7d2b\u5fae, s\u00eddlo Nefritov\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e) a absolutn\u00ed z\u00e1kaz vstupu pro oby\u010dejn\u00e9 lidi. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e1 a barevn\u00e1 volba v pal\u00e1ci \u2013 od dev\u00edti st\u0159ech na S\u00edni du\u0161evn\u00ed kultivace (\u517b\u5fc3\u6bbf) a\u017e po deset h\u0159ebenov\u00fdch ornament\u016f na S\u00edni Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie \u2013 posiluje fakt, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o c\u00edsa\u0159ovo pozemsk\u00e9 s\u00eddlo, mikrokosmos nebes.<\/p>Symbolick\u00fd design
      <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Stavebnictv\u00ed a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Stavba Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta byla obrovsk\u00fdm in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdm po\u010dinem. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Pr\u00e1ce:<\/strong> ~1,100,000<\/strong> Lid\u00e9 (voj\u00e1ci, roln\u00edci, \u0159emesln\u00edci) byli mobilizov\u00e1ni po dobu 14 let.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Mramor a d\u0159evo:<\/strong> Obrovsk\u00e9 tr\u00e1my (nap\u0159. vz\u00e1cn\u00fd nanmu F\u00e9nixovo d\u0159evo<\/em> z ji\u017en\u00ed \u010c\u00edny) byly p\u0159epravov\u00e1ny na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Silnice byly v zim\u011b zaplavov\u00e1ny a pokr\u00fdvany ledem, aby se do Pekingu mohly vj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozy se d\u0159evem a mramorem. Slavn\u00e1 250tunov\u00e1 socha draka byla p\u0159epravena 70 km z lomu Fangshan pomoc\u00ed volsk\u00fdch povoz\u016f, lan a lidsk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Cihly a dla\u017edice:<\/strong> Podlahy pal\u00e1ce byly vyrobeny ze speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u201ezlat\u00fdch cihel\u201c (\u9ad8\u5e73\u77f3\u7816) z hl\u00edny a v\u00e1pna ze Su-\u010dou. St\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed ta\u0161ky a st\u011bny byly pe\u010dliv\u011b glazov\u00e1ny. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 truhl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se \u0159\u00eddily klasick\u00fdmi standardy (\u010depov\u00e9 a dr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 spoje), tak\u017ee nebyly pot\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 h\u0159eb\u00edky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • St\u011bny:<\/strong> Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u011bny maj\u00ed zhutn\u011bn\u00e1 zem\u011b<\/strong> j\u00e1dro a jsou pokryty t\u0159emi vrstvami p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b. Malta byla vylep\u0161ena lepkavou r\u00fd\u017e\u00ed a vaje\u010dn\u00fdm b\u00edlkem. Zdi jsou u z\u00e1kladny \u0161irok\u00e9 8,62 m a naho\u0159e se zu\u017euj\u00ed na 6,66 m, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou stabiln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a nelze je zdolat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • P\u0159\u00edkop a odvodn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> Voda z p\u0159\u00edkopu poch\u00e1zela z bl\u00edzk\u00fdch jezer, kter\u00e1 byla regulov\u00e1na chytr\u00fdmi odvod\u0148ovac\u00edmi chrli\u010di. Odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed otvory maskovan\u00e9 v dra\u010d\u00edch tlam\u00e1ch odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu z pal\u00e1cov\u00fdch teras. Patn\u00e1ctivrstv\u00fd podlahov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (hlina a \u0161t\u011brk) pod mramorem zaji\u0161\u0165oval, \u017ee se do pal\u00e1ce nikdo nemohl dostat tunelem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost:<\/strong> Jako nouzov\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed, 308 masivn\u00edch bronzov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch k\u00e1d\u00ed<\/strong> (ka\u017ed\u00e1 s objemem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 tun vody) byly um\u00edst\u011bny na n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00edch a za branami. Tyto pozlacen\u00e9 k\u00e1d\u011b byly p\u0159ipraveny k pou\u017eit\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by v pal\u00e1ci vypukl po\u017e\u00e1r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly:<\/strong> V modern\u00ed dob\u011b se p\u0159i restaur\u00e1torsk\u00fdch prac\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed historick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly (nap\u0159. ru\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9 dla\u017edice, v\u00e1penn\u00e1 malta) a dokonce i virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed 3D model financovan\u00fd spole\u010dnost\u00ed IBM k dokumentaci pal\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        M\u011bstsk\u00e9 hradby Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta byly postaveny s j\u00e1drem z dusan\u00e9 zeminy a t\u0159emi vrstvami p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel (p\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed), d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e byly pevn\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 izolovan\u00e9. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed tyto hradby vy\u017eadovaly minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o dovednostech in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f dynastie Ming.<\/p>Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed fakta
        <\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Dosa\u017een\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zlat\u00e9 cihly<\/strong> Povrchy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b jsou proslul\u00e9 sv\u00fdm hladk\u00fdm, zvu\u010dn\u00fdm zvukem a tvrdost\u00ed. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 tr\u00e1my jsou obrovsk\u00e9 kl\u00e1dy ze d\u0159eva nanmu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily \u0161est stolet\u00ed s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm rozkladem. Celkov\u011b vzato architekti a \u0159emesln\u00edci dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching spojili praktick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed s ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi po\u017eadavky, co\u017e vedlo k komplexu, kter\u00fd je konstruk\u010dn\u011b solidn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohat\u00fd na v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"ZAK\u00c1ZAN\u00c9-M\u011aSTO-LE\u017d\u00cd-V-CENTRU-PEKINGU\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 fakta a statistiky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        Funkce<\/strong><\/td>Detail<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
        Plocha<\/strong><\/td>72 hektar\u016f (178 akr\u016f)<\/td><\/tr>
        Celkov\u00e9 rozm\u011bry<\/strong><\/td>961 m \u00d7 753 m (3 152 \u00d7 2 470 stop)<\/td><\/tr>
        Podlahov\u00e1 plocha budovy<\/strong><\/td>724 250 m\u00b2 (7 787 500 ft\u00b2)<\/td><\/tr>
        Po\u010det budov<\/strong><\/td>98 (hlavn\u00ed haly a pavilony)<\/td><\/tr>
        P\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd po\u010det pokoj\u016f<\/strong><\/td>~8 886 (tradi\u010dn\u00ed tradice: 9 999)<\/td><\/tr>
        V\u00fd\u0161ka obvodov\u00e9 zdi<\/strong><\/td>7,9 m (26 stop)<\/td><\/tr>
        P\u0159\u00edkop<\/strong><\/td>52 m \u0161irok\u00fd, 6 m hlubok\u00fd<\/td><\/tr>
        Obdob\u00ed v\u00fdstavby<\/strong><\/td>1406\u20131420 (14 let)<\/td><\/tr>
        Pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla<\/strong><\/td>~1 100 000 lid\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b 100 000 \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f)<\/td><\/tr>
        C\u00edsa\u0159i<\/strong><\/td>Celkem 24 (14 z dynastie Ming, 10 z dynastie \u010cching)<\/td><\/tr>
        Sv\u011btov\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>Pam\u00e1tka UNESCO (zaps\u00e1na v roce 1987)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Tato \u010d\u00edsla ilustruj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd rozsah Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta. Dnes z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159itahuje miliony lid\u00ed jako Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 muzeum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Co je Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto je b\u00fdval\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd pal\u00e1c v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, postaven\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku 15. stolet\u00ed a nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v centru Pekingu. Po dobu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 let bylo s\u00eddlem moci dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching a nyn\u00ed je pal\u00e1cov\u00fdm muzeem a je zaps\u00e1no na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Pro\u010d se mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> V \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b je to Zijin Cheng<\/em> (Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto), doslova \u201eFialov\u00e9 zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto\u201c. Zi (fialov\u00e1)<\/em> odkazuje na Severn\u00ed hv\u011bzdu (nebesk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e) a jin (zak\u00e1zan\u00fd)<\/em> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee oby\u010dejn\u00fdm lidem byl vstup do c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho okrsku zak\u00e1z\u00e1n. Starov\u011bk\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanovil neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd vstup jako trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> Stoj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b uprost\u0159ed star\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Pekingu, na hlavn\u00ed severoji\u017en\u00ed ose. Jeho ji\u017en\u00ed br\u00e1na sm\u011b\u0159uje k n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Nebesk\u00e9ho klidu a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b (vedouc\u00ed k br\u00e1n\u011b Jung-ding), zat\u00edmco na severu je obr\u00e1cena k parku \u0164ing-\u0161an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Kolik pokoj\u016f m\u00e1 Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> Podle modern\u00edho s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed jich je asi 8 886 pokoj\u016f<\/strong> v Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1znamy v\u0161ak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed 9 999 (po\u010det nebes) plus \u201epolovinu\u201c m\u00edstnosti, celkem tedy 9 999 a p\u016fl. Legenda o \u201e9 999\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje c\u00edsa\u0159ovu nad\u0159azenost t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed nebeskou dokonalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Kdo a kdy postavil Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> Stavbu na\u0159\u00eddil c\u00edsa\u0159 Jung-le z dynastie Ming v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Za\u010dala v roce 1406 a v podstat\u011b byla dokon\u010dena do roku 1420, trvalo j\u00ed asi 14 let a zapojilo ji p\u0159es milion d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f. C\u00edsa\u0159 pot\u00e9 z Pekingu ud\u011blal hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Co je S\u00ed\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> S\u00ed\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie (Taidian<\/em>) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budova v Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b. S rozm\u011bry 64 \u00d7 37 m a v\u00fd\u0161kou zhruba 30 m slou\u017eila k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm ceremoni\u00e1l\u016fm, jako byly korunovace a novoro\u010dn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly. Je to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 pal\u00e1cov\u00e1 hala v \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/strong>, bohat\u011b zdoben\u00fd zlatem a dra\u010d\u00edmi motivy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Pro\u010d je Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> UNESCO jej v roce 1987 zapsalo na seznam pam\u00e1tek UNESCO jako komplex c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch pal\u00e1c\u016f dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching s odkazem na jeho v\u00fdjime\u010dnou historickou a kulturn\u00ed hodnotu. Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto je \u201emistrovsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 architektury\u201c a \u201eneoceniteln\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 civilizace\u201c z doby t\u011bchto dynasti\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Co symbolizuj\u00ed barvy a \u010d\u00edsla budov?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradici, \u017elu\u0165<\/strong> je c\u00edsa\u0159ovou barvou, tak\u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 st\u0159echa je ze \u017elut\u011b glazovan\u00fdch ta\u0161ek. \u010cerven\u00fd<\/strong> Zdi a sloupy symbolizuj\u00ed prosperitu a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Mnoho prvk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 toto \u010d\u00edslo 9<\/strong>Nap\u0159\u00edklad S\u00ed\u0148 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed harmonie m\u00e1 dev\u011bt z\u00e1to\u010dek a pal\u00e1c m\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b 9 999 m\u00edstnost\u00ed. Trigramy \u2630 (Nebe, 3 \u010d\u00e1ry) a \u2637 (Zem\u011b, 6 \u010d\u00e1ry) se objevuj\u00ed v uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a s\u00e1l\u016f a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d (vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed = Nebe, vnit\u0159n\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed = Zem\u011b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Mohou si n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci dnes prohl\u00e9dnout Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> Ano. Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto je nyn\u00ed Pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 muzeum, kter\u00e9 je ve\u0159ejnosti otev\u0159eno denn\u011b krom\u011b pond\u011bl\u00ed. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se mohou proch\u00e1zet v\u011bt\u0161inou n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a s\u00e1l\u016f; v n\u011bkter\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed muzejn\u00ed expozice c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch artefakt\u016f. (Fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech omezeno.) Vstupenky jsou \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e9 a vyprod\u00e1vaj\u00ed se p\u0159edem. Prohl\u00eddky a mapy v angli\u010dtin\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed s\u00e1ly, jako je Meridian Gate a Hall of Supreme Harmony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Jak dlouho trv\u00e1 prohl\u00eddka Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta?<\/em>
        A:<\/strong> Chcete-li vid\u011bt hlavn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky, napl\u00e1nujte si alespo\u0148 3\u20134 hodiny<\/strong>Pokud si pal\u00e1c d\u016fkladn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnete, je k dispozici v\u00edce ne\u017e 7 km dlouh\u00e1 cesta k proch\u00e1zce. V ru\u0161n\u00fdch dnech mohou davy lid\u00ed a fronty na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prohl\u00eddku zpomalit. Doporu\u010duje se p\u0159ij\u00edt brzy, vz\u00edt si pohodlnou obuv a zam\u011b\u0159it se na t\u0159i velk\u00e9 s\u00e1ly Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a hlavn\u00ed pal\u00e1ce a zahradu Vnit\u0159n\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Po stalet\u00ed slou\u017eilo pekingsk\u00e9 Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto (\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce, Zijinchen) jako opulentn\u00ed s\u00eddlo \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f. Tento rozlehl\u00fd obezd\u011bn\u00fd komplex, kter\u00fd se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 72 hektarech v srdci hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, ubytoval 24 c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching a zahrnuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 000 m\u00edstnost\u00ed. Jeho zlat\u011b glazovan\u00e9 st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed ta\u0161ky a rum\u011blkov\u00e9 zdi zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159skou symboliku a principy feng-\u0161uej. Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 je dnes zaps\u00e1no na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je Pal\u00e1cov\u00fdm muzeem, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00fdm d\u016fkazem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho odkazu a architektonick\u00e9ho g\u00e9nia. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci \u017easnou nad rozsahem a um\u011bleck\u00fdm d\u00edlem tohoto starobyl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta ve m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2554","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tourist-attractions","8":"category-magazine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2554"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2554\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}