Fid\u017ei, d\u0159\u00edve naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Republika Fid\u017ei, je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v Melan\u00e9sii, v Oce\u00e1nii v ji\u017en\u00edm Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Tato malebn\u00e1 zem\u011b je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou \u00fachvatnou krajinou, rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm a dynamick\u00fdmi vesnicemi. Fid\u017ei, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed asi 2 000 km severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu, je tropick\u00fdm r\u00e1jem pro turisty a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm geopolitick\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem v oblasti Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n
Fid\u017ei je souostrov\u00ed sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z v\u00edce ne\u017e 330 ostrov\u016f, z nich\u017e asi 110 je trvale obydlen\u00fdch, a v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 ostr\u016fvk\u016f. Celkov\u00e1 rozloha pevniny je zhruba 18 300 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (7 100 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch). Nejizolovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou mezi t\u011bmito ostrovy je Ono-i-Lau. Dva nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrovy, Viti Levu a Vanua Levu, ubytov\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159es 87 % populace zem\u011b, celkem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 924 610 osob. V\u011bt\u0161ina Fid\u017eijc\u016f ob\u00fdv\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti Viti Levu, v\u011bt\u0161inou v pulzuj\u00edc\u00edm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Suva nebo v men\u0161\u00edch metropolitn\u00edch oblastech, jako jsou Nadi a Lautoka. Nadi slou\u017e\u00ed jako centrum cestovn\u00edho ruchu, zat\u00edmco Lautoka je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pro sv\u016fj sektor cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny. Vnitrozem\u00ed Viti Levu je kv\u016fli drsn\u00e9 topografii \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddleno.<\/p>\n
Ostrovy Fid\u017ei jsou v\u00fdsledkem sope\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala asi p\u0159ed 150 miliony let. Navzdory v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sope\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti n\u011bkter\u00e9 geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed jevy p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na ostrovech Vanua Levu a Taveuni. Geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9my na Viti Levu nejsou sope\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a vykazuj\u00ed n\u00edzkoteplotn\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 v\u00fdboje mezi 35 a 60 stupni Celsia.<\/p>\n
Lidsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed Fid\u017ei za\u010dalo ve druh\u00e9m tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., p\u016fvodn\u011b Austron\u00e9sany, po nich\u017e se ujali Melan\u00e9san\u00e9 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se projevily dopady polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed. Kontakt s Evropou za\u010dal v 17. stolet\u00ed, co\u017e znamenalo novou \u00e9ru v historii Fid\u017ei. V roce 1874, po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed jako nez\u00e1visl\u00fd st\u00e1t, se Fid\u017ei stalo britskou koloni\u00ed. Korunn\u00ed koloni\u00ed z\u016fstalo a\u017e do roku 1970, kdy z\u00edskalo nez\u00e1vislost a stalo se Fid\u017eijsk\u00fdm dominiem. V roce 1987 do\u0161lo v politick\u00e9 situaci zem\u011b k ot\u0159es\u016fm v d\u016fsledku \u0159ady st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159evrat\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u00fastily ve vznik republiky. V roce 2006 provedl komodor Frank Bainimarama p\u0159evrat, kter\u00fd vedl k zna\u010dn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm ot\u0159es\u016fm. V roce 2009 fid\u017eijsk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud prohl\u00e1sil vojensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, co\u017e vedlo prezidenta Ratu Josefu Iloila k anulov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavy z roku 1997 a znovu jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Bainimaramy do\u010dasn\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem. Pozd\u011bji t\u00e9ho\u017e roku na Iloila na prezidentsk\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b nastoupil Ratu Epeli Nailatikau. Demokratick\u00e9 volby se konaly 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014, v nich\u017e Bainimaramova strana FijiFirst z\u00edskala 59,2 % hlas\u016f, co\u017e zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 pova\u017eovali za d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Fid\u017ei je jednou z nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch ekonomik v Pacifiku, kter\u00e1 je podporov\u00e1na sv\u00fdmi bohat\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi zdroji, jako jsou lesy, nerosty a rybolov. Fid\u017eijsk\u00fd dolar slou\u017e\u00ed jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna. Hlavn\u00edmi zdroji zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pen\u011bz jsou prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed sektor cestovn\u00edho ruchu, p\u0159evody pen\u011bz od Fid\u017eijc\u016f zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch jinde, v\u00fdvoz balen\u00e9 vody a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny. Ministerstvo pro m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vu a rozvoj m\u011bst dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vu Fid\u017ei, kter\u00e1 funguje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u011bstsk\u00fdch a obecn\u00edch zastupitelstev a zaji\u0161\u0165uje efektivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed metropolitn\u00edch region\u016f.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed strukturu Fid\u017ei tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkolik etnick\u00fdch skupin, zejm\u00e9na Fid\u017eijci melan\u00e9sk\u00e9ho a polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, a Indo-Fid\u017eijci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou potomky indick\u00fdch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ivezen\u00fdch na Fid\u017ei b\u011bhem koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry. Prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kultur na Fid\u017ei je patrn\u00e9 v jazyc\u00edch, j\u00eddle a tradic\u00edch, co\u017e vede k osobit\u00e9 a soudr\u017en\u00e9 civilizaci. Fid\u017eij\u0161tina je spolu s angli\u010dtinou a fid\u017eijskou hind\u0161tinou hojn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1, co\u017e podporuje komunikaci a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fid\u017ei, d\u0159\u00edve naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Republika Fid\u017ei, je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v Melan\u00e9sii, v Oce\u00e1nii v ji\u017en\u00edm Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Tato malebn\u00e1 zem\u011b je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou \u00fachvatnou krajinou, rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm a dynamick\u00fdmi vesnicemi. Fid\u017ei, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed asi 2 000 km severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu, je tropick\u00fdm r\u00e1jem pro turisty a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm geopolitick\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem v oblasti Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3477,"parent":24105,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9785","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9785\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}