\u0160alamounovy ostrovy, n\u011bkdy zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Solomony, jsou kr\u00e1snou zem\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v srdci Melan\u00e9sie, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho regionu Oce\u00e1nie severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Austr\u00e1lie. Toto souostrov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 21 rozlehl\u00fdch ostrov\u016f o rozloze v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, zahrnuje Guadalcanal, Malaitu, Makiru a Santa Isabel. Krom\u011b t\u011bchto rozlehl\u00fdch pevninsk\u00fdch mas jsou \u0160alamounovy ostrovy obklopeny asi 900 men\u0161\u00edmi ostrovy, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bohatou a komplexn\u00ed tapiserii pevniny a mo\u0159e. Od Papuy-Nov\u00e9 Guineje na z\u00e1pad\u011b, Austr\u00e1lie na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b, Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie a Vanuatu na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b, Fid\u017ei, Wallis a Futuny a Tuvalu na v\u00fdchod\u011b jsou \u0160alamounovy ostrovy geograficky bl\u00edzko mnoha dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1rod\u016fm. Nauru a Federativn\u00ed st\u00e1ty Mikron\u00e9sie na severu.<\/p>\n
\u0160alamounovy ostrovy s celkovou rozlohou 28 896 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (11 157 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch) po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v polovin\u011b roku 2023 s 734 887 obyvateli. Honiara, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ostrov\u011b Guadalcanal a je politick\u00fdm a ekonomick\u00fdm centrem zem\u011b. N\u00e1zev \u201e\u0160alamounovy ostrovy\u201c popisuje cel\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed \u0160alamounov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje autonomn\u00ed oblast Bougainville, v sou\u010dasnosti sou\u010d\u00e1st Papuy-Nov\u00e9 Guineje, ale nezahrnuje ostrovy Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n
Mezi lety 30 000 a 28 800 p\u0159. n. l. za\u010dali na t\u011bchto ostrovech \u017e\u00edt lid\u00e9; mnoho migra\u010dn\u00edch vln pomohlo vytvo\u0159it genetickou sm\u011bs, kter\u00e1 dnes definuje domorod\u00e9 obyvatelstvo. Mezi t\u011bmito prvn\u00edmi imigranty byli Lapitov\u00e9, proslul\u00ed sv\u00fdmi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdmi a jachta\u0159sk\u00fdmi dovednostmi, kte\u0159\u00ed pomohli definovat kulturn\u00ed sc\u00e9nu ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00fd objevitel \u00c1lvaro de Menda\u00f1a dorazil na \u0160alamounovy ostrovy jako prvn\u00ed z Evropan\u016f v roce 1568. Menda\u00f1a ostrovy nepojmenoval; jin\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed psali o jeho objevu, je za\u010dali naz\u00fdvat \u201e\u0160alamounovy\u201c. Menda\u00f1a se na ostrovy znovu vydal v roce 1595 a pot\u00e9 v roce 1606 dorazila dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 expedice veden\u00e1 portugalsk\u00fdm mo\u0159eplavcem Pedrem Fernandesem de Queir\u00f3sem.<\/p>\n
Ostrovy m\u011bly b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky velmi z\u0159ejm\u00fd strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Kampa\u0148 na \u0160alamounov\u00fdch ostrovech, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala v letech 1942 a\u017e 1945, byla kl\u00ed\u010dovou s\u00e9ri\u00ed st\u0159etnut\u00ed mezi spojeneck\u00fdmi silami \u2013 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria \u2013 a Japonsk\u00fdm imp\u00e9riem. Zejm\u00e9na bitva o Guadalcanal byla zlomov\u00fdm bodem v tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, proto\u017ee nel\u00edtostn\u00e9 boje zd\u016fraznily z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam ostrov\u016f ve v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n
Ji\u017en\u00ed \u0160alamounovy ostrovy se staly britsk\u00fdm protektor\u00e1tem v \u010dervnu 1893 pod veden\u00edm kapit\u00e1na Herberta Gibsona z lodi HMS Curacoa. Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ra zde za\u010dala a trvala a\u017e do poloviny dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se bl\u00ed\u017eila k samospr\u00e1v\u011b a v roce 1975 zm\u011bnila sv\u016fj ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev z \u201eBritsk\u00fd protektor\u00e1t \u0160alamounov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f\u201c na \u201e\u0160alamounovy ostrovy\u201c. Tento proces vyvrcholil v roce 1976, kdy ostrovy z\u00edskaly samospr\u00e1vu; n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost p\u0159i\u0161la v roce 1978. Po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti n\u00e1rod p\u0159ijal n\u00e1zev \u201e\u0160alamounovy ostrovy\u201c, vypustil ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen a stal se zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie.<\/p>\n
\u0160alamounovy ostrovy dnes uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed Karla III. za sv\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le; kr\u00e1le zde zastupuje gener\u00e1ln\u00ed guvern\u00e9r vybran\u00fd na doporu\u010den\u00ed premi\u00e9ra. Tento politick\u00fd r\u00e1mec sice d\u00e1v\u00e1 ostrov\u016fm vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich historick\u00e9 vazby na britskou korunu. \u0160alamounovy ostrovy, \u010derpaj\u00edc\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 bohat\u00e9 historie, rozmanit\u00e9 kultury a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 polohy v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, st\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed modern\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0160alamounovy ostrovy, n\u011bkdy zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Solomony, jsou kr\u00e1snou zem\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v srdci Melan\u00e9sie, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho regionu Oce\u00e1nie severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Austr\u00e1lie. Toto souostrov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 21 rozlehl\u00fdch ostrov\u016f o rozloze v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, zahrnuje Guadalcanal, Malaitu, Makiru a Santa Isabel. Krom\u011b t\u011bchto rozlehl\u00fdch pevninsk\u00fdch mas jsou \u0160alamounovy ostrovy obklopeny asi 900 men\u0161\u00edmi ostrovy, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bohatou a komplexn\u00ed tapiserii pevniny a mo\u0159e. Od Papuy-Nov\u00e9 Guineje na z\u00e1pad\u011b, Austr\u00e1lie na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b, Nov\u00e9 Kaledonie a Vanuatu na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b, Fid\u017ei, Wallis a Futuny a Tuvalu na v\u00fdchod\u011b jsou \u0160alamounovy ostrovy geograficky bl\u00edzko mnoha dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1rod\u016fm. Nauru a Federativn\u00ed st\u00e1ty Mikron\u00e9sie na severu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2859,"parent":24105,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9773","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9773"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9773\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}