{"id":9629,"date":"2024-09-08T20:15:04","date_gmt":"2024-09-08T20:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=9629"},"modified":"2026-03-13T22:57:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T22:57:27","slug":"kiribati","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/destinations\/australia-and-oceania\/kiribati\/","title":{"rendered":"Kiribati"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kiribati, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b Republika Kiribati, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v subregionu Mikron\u00e9sie v Oce\u00e1nii. Kiribati m\u00e1 podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2020 119 000 obyvatel; v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina z nich \u017eije na atolu Tarawa. St\u00e1t se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 32 atol\u016f a jednoho izolovan\u00e9ho vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho kor\u00e1lov\u00e9ho ostrova Banaba a tvo\u0159\u00ed souostrov\u00ed o rozloze 811 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (313 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch). Kiribati se svou pom\u011brn\u011b malou pevninou pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hlou oce\u00e1nskou plochu o rozloze 3 441 810 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (1 328 890 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch).<\/p>\n<p>Kiribati, jako\u017eto jedin\u00fd st\u00e1t na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159ech polokoul\u00edch \u2013 severn\u00ed, ji\u017en\u00ed, z\u00e1padn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u2013 m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti. To vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z jeho rozlo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159es 180. poledn\u00edk a rovn\u00edk. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed datov\u00e1 hranice se neobvykle st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed kolem Kiribati a t\u00e1hne se dlouhou cestu na v\u00fdchod t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 k 150\u00b0 z\u00e1padn\u00ed d\u00e9lky. Nejv\u00fdchodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ostrovy Kiribati, ji\u017en\u00ed Line Islands, pat\u0159\u00ed k prvn\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se objevuje nov\u00fd den, a to v UTC+14, proto\u017ee se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m p\u00e1smu jako Gilbertovy ostrovy.<\/p>\n<p>Kiribati se stalo nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, kdy\u017e se v roce 1979 odtrhlo od Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Ji\u017en\u00ed Tarawa, kter\u00e9 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika ostr\u016fvk\u016f propojen\u00fdch hr\u00e1zemi, je celkov\u011b nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem na atolu Tarawa. V\u00fdvoz fosf\u00e1t\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomohl ekonomice Kiribati p\u0159ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm nez\u00e1vislosti, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tyto zdroje se pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u010derpaly. Dnes je ekonomika z\u00e1visl\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na rybolovu a v\u00fdvozu kopry; mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pomoc je pom\u011brn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee tato zem\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00fdm na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi, kter\u00fdch se Kiribati aktivn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed Tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed, Spole\u010denstv\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f, Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond, Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka a Organizace africk\u00fdch, karibsk\u00fdch a tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V roce 1999 se stalo plnohodnotn\u00fdm \u010dlenem OSN. Kiribati je jako ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e9 na dopady tsunami a zm\u011bny klimatu. Zejm\u00e9na jako \u010dlen Aliance mal\u00fdch ostrovn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f se jeho diplomatick\u00e1 strategie zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159i nesoused\u00edc\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed geografick\u00e9 subregiony tvo\u0159\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou v\u00fdlu\u010dnou ekonomickou z\u00f3nu (VHZ) zem\u011b: Banaba (melan\u00e9sko-mikron\u00e9sk\u00e1 oblast), Gilbertovy ostrovy (Mikron\u00e9sie) a Liniov\u00e9 a Phoenixovy ostrovy (Polyn\u00e9sie). Ostrovn\u00ed komunity se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Banaba: Izolovan\u00fd ostrov mezi Nauru a Gilbertov\u00fdmi ostrovy.<\/li>\n<li>Gilbertovy ostrovy: Tvo\u0159\u00ed 16 atol\u016f a nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 500 kilometr\u016f severn\u011b od Fid\u017ei.<\/li>\n<li>F\u00e9nixovy ostrovy: Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se z 8 atol\u016f a kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se asi 1 800 kilometr\u016f jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Gilbertov\u00fdch souostrov\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Line Islands: Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z 8 atol\u016f a jednoho \u00fatesu a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se zhruba 3 300 kilometr\u016f v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Gilbertov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Spole\u010dnosti Air Kiribati a Coral Sun Airways se s\u00eddlem na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm leti\u0161ti Bonriki v Taraw\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed leteckou dopravu pro Kiribati. A\u010dkoli tyto leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti neobsluhuj\u00ed Banabu a F\u00e9nixovy ostrovy, spojuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik ostrov\u016f v r\u00e1mci Gilbertov\u00fdch a Lineov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f. Z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho leti\u0161t\u011b Cassidy na Kiritimati l\u00e9taj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed lety; Fiji Airways l\u00e9t\u00e1 do Nadi a Honolulu.<\/p>\n<p>Obyvatel\u00e9 Kiribati, \u010dasto zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako I-Kiribati, historicky \u017eili v mal\u00fdch osad\u00e1ch na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch ostrovech, jejich\u017e po\u010det se pohyboval od 50 do 3 000. P\u0159i stavb\u011b jejich obydl\u00ed se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed produkty z kokosov\u00fdch a pandanov\u00fdch strom\u016f. Mnoho ostrov\u016f je z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na mo\u0159i, pokud jde o potraviny a pen\u00edze, proto\u017ee pravideln\u00e1 sucha a \u0161patn\u00e9 p\u016fdn\u00ed podm\u00ednky zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zdroje ob\u017eivy pat\u0159\u00ed plavba na v\u00fdlo\u017en\u00edc\u00edch a rybolov; koprov\u00e9 farmy poskytuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n<p>Betio je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Tarawy, kde v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edlivu. Po\u010det obyvatel ji\u017en\u00ed Tarawy se zv\u00fd\u0161il ze 17 921 v roce 1978 na p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch 69 710 v roce 2024. Kiribati, etnicky oce\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, podskupina Austron\u00e9san\u016f, maj\u00ed tis\u00edciletou historii os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Kolem 14. stolet\u00ed na ostrovy vpadli Fid\u017eijci, Samojci a Tongan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed s sebou p\u0159inesli polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rysy, a t\u00edm diverzifikovali etnickou sc\u00e9nu. S\u0148atky mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi skupinami daly vzniknout lidem s pom\u011brn\u011b jednotn\u00fdm vzhledem a zvyky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kiribati, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b Republika Kiribati, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v subregionu Mikron\u00e9sie v Oce\u00e1nii. Kiribati m\u00e1 podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2020 119 000 obyvatel; v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina z nich \u017eije na atolu Tarawa. St\u00e1t se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z 32 atol\u016f a jednoho izolovan\u00e9ho vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho kor\u00e1lov\u00e9ho ostrova Banaba a tvo\u0159\u00ed souostrov\u00ed o rozloze 811 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (313 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch). Kiribati se svou pom\u011brn\u011b malou pevninou pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hlou oce\u00e1nskou plochu o rozloze 3 441 810 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (1 328 890 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4614,"parent":24105,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9629","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9629"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9629\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}