Honolulu, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto st\u00e1tu Havaj, je m\u011bsto tyrkysov\u00fdch pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a smaragdov\u00fdch sope\u010dn\u00fdch svah\u016f. Jeho panorama mrakodrap\u016f a honosn\u00fdch hotel\u016f shl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na slavnou pl\u00e1\u017e Waik\u012bk\u012b a Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n za n\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed jednu z nejikoni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch turistick\u00fdch destinac\u00ed Ameriky. Podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2020 m\u011blo samotn\u00e9 Honolulu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 350 964 obyvatel, co\u017e ho \u0159ad\u00ed na 55. nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto USA. Navzdory skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bpopulaci je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kouzlo Honolulu z\u0159ejm\u00e9: v roce 2022 p\u0159iv\u00edtalo zhruba 711 000 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed 10. nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto v zemi. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee \u017eivotn\u00ed n\u00e1klady v Honolulu jsou extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 (zhruba o 69 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e celost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br), co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho ostrovn\u00ed ekonomiku.<\/p>\n
Demografick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed Honolulu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho jedine\u010dn\u00fd charakter, typick\u00fd pro oblast Pacifiku. V\u00edce ne\u017e polovina obyvatel m\u011bsta je asijsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, co\u017e je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina (zhruba 20 % japonsk\u00e9ho a 13 % filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu). Domorod\u00ed Havajci a obyvatel\u00e9 tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 8\u20139 %, zat\u00edmco b\u00edl\u00ed nehisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 15\u201317 %. Tato multikulturn\u00ed populace je hybnou silou rozmanit\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed kultury (viz n\u00ed\u017ee \u201eKulturn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra\u201c).<\/p>\n
Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska je Honolulu siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na cestovn\u00edm ruchu. Miliony n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vnesou do m\u00edstn\u00ed ekonomiky zhruba 10 miliard dolar\u016f a m\u011bsto slou\u017e\u00ed jako vstupn\u00ed br\u00e1na do havajsk\u00fdch ostrovn\u00edch letovisek. Honolulsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav a leti\u0161t\u011b nav\u00edc podporuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 funkce v Pacifiku, zat\u00edmco rostouc\u00ed sektor high-tech a v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rozmanitosti. V roce 2014 pat\u0159ily \u017eivotn\u00ed n\u00e1klady v Honolulu k nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v zemi, co\u017e je d\u00e1no jeho odlehlou polohou a ekonomikou zalo\u017eenou na dovozu. Medi\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edjmu dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed je relativn\u011b vysok\u00fd (kolem 85 000 dolar\u016f), ale stejn\u011b tak i m\u00edra chudoby (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 12 %), co\u017e podtrhuje rozd\u00edly v p\u0159\u00edjmech v tomto drah\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n
Honolulu le\u017e\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed O\u02bbahu, t\u0159et\u00edho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho havajsk\u00e9ho ostrova. M\u011bsto se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed od historick\u00e9ho Pearl Harboru a\u017e po h\u0159ebeny Diamond Head (L\u0113\u02bbahi) a Makapu\u02bbu Point. Severn\u011b od m\u011bsta se strm\u011b ty\u010d\u00ed bujn\u00e9 sope\u010dn\u00e9 hory (poho\u0159\u00ed Ko\u02bbolau) a r\u00e1muj\u00ed \u00fazkou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0148. Geograficky pat\u0159\u00ed k nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edm velk\u00fdm m\u011bst\u016fm na Zemi \u2013 zhruba 2 400 mil jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od San Francisca, p\u0159es rozlehl\u00fd Pacifik. Tato izolace d\u00e1v\u00e1 Honolulu klima a ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00e9 se v\u00edce podobaj\u00ed trop\u016fm ne\u017e kter\u00e9mukoli jin\u00e9mu m\u011bstu v USA.<\/p>\n
Klima je tropick\u00e9 s m\u00edrn\u00fdm vlivem oce\u00e1nu. Pas\u00e1ty od severov\u00fdchodu vanou po cel\u00fd rok a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do hor vlhkost, ale pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je \u010dasto slune\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Teploty jsou pozoruhodn\u011b stabiln\u00ed: denn\u00ed maxima se obvykle pohybuj\u00ed v horn\u00edch 25\u201330 \u00b0C, a to i v zim\u011b. Sr\u00e1\u017eky jsou sez\u00f3nn\u00ed (de\u0161tiv\u00e1 zima, such\u00e9 l\u00e9to), ale v horsk\u00fdch oblastech jsou hojn\u00e9. Celkov\u011b je klima \u201etropick\u00e9ho r\u00e1je\u201c Honolulu velk\u00fdm l\u00e1kadlem pro turisty.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Honolulu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u starov\u011bk\u00fdch Havajc\u016f. Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee polyn\u00e9\u0161t\u00ed cestovatel\u00e9 os\u00eddlili O'ahu v 11. stolet\u00ed. V roce 1795 Kamehameha I. sjednotil O'ahu pod sv\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm a do roku 1804 p\u0159est\u011bhoval sv\u016fj kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd dv\u016fr do oblasti Waik\u012bk\u012b, kter\u00e1 je dnes Honolulu. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se Honolulu rozrostlo jako p\u0159\u00edstav a pot\u00e9, v roce 1845, jej kr\u00e1l Kamehameha III. ofici\u00e1ln\u011b prohl\u00e1sil hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Havajsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Kr\u00e1l Kal\u0101kaua a kr\u00e1lovna Lili\u02bbuokalani pozd\u011bji postavili v centru m\u011bsta velkolep\u00fd pal\u00e1c \u02bbIolani jako kr\u00e1lovskou rezidenci.<\/p>\n
Konec 19. stolet\u00ed byl bou\u0159liv\u00fd: v roce 1893 bylo Honolulu m\u00edstem svr\u017een\u00ed havajsk\u00e9 monarchie (kr\u00e1lovna Lili\u02bbuokalani byla sesazena) a o p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji byl Havaj anektov\u00e1n Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Navzdory ni\u010div\u00e9mu po\u017e\u00e1ru \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti v roce 1900 a \u0161oku z \u00fatoku na Pearl Harbor (1941) z\u016fstalo Honolulu politick\u00fdm a popula\u010dn\u00edm centrem Havaje. Z\u00edskan\u00e1 st\u00e1tnost v roce 1959 spustila turistick\u00fd boom: byly postaveny d\u00e1lnice, hotely a modern\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b (tehdy Honolulu International), zat\u00edmco statis\u00edce Ameri\u010dan\u016f a Asiat\u016f za\u010daly na Havaj tr\u00e1vit dovolenou. Do poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed se Waik\u012bk\u012b prom\u011bnilo v letovisko s v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdmi budovami a panorama Honolulu se za\u010dalo zv\u011bt\u0161ovat d\u00edky hotel\u016fm a apartm\u00e1n\u016fm. M\u011bsto se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed a nyn\u00ed se v n\u011bm m\u00eds\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed s glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlivy.<\/p>\n
Honolulsk\u00e1 kultura je gobel\u00ednem utkan\u00fdm z tradic p\u016fvodn\u00edch Havajc\u016f a mnoha p\u0159ist\u011bhovaleck\u00fdch komunit. Angli\u010dtina a havaj\u0161tina ('\u014clelo Hawai'i) jsou ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi jazyky, ale v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b usly\u0161\u00edte tak\u00e9 havajsk\u00fd pidgin (kreolsk\u00e1 angli\u010dtina), japon\u0161tinu, tagal\u0161tinu a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho regionu. M\u00edstn\u00ed \u00e9tos je proslul\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u201educhem Aloha\u201c \u2013 v\u0159elost\u00ed a p\u0159\u00e1telskost\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou pozdravy, lei a uvoln\u011bnou zdvo\u0159ilost\u00ed. Honolulsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159ekypuje barevn\u00fdmi festivaly, kter\u00e9 tuto sm\u011bsici p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed: nap\u0159\u00edklad Honolulsk\u00fd festival v b\u0159eznu propojuje asijskou, tichomo\u0159skou a havajskou hudbu a tanec, zat\u00edmco Den lei 1. kv\u011btna oslavuje v\u00fdrobu havajsk\u00fdch lei koncerty a hula v parku Kapi'olani. T\u00fddenn\u00ed festival Aloha, kter\u00fd se kon\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd podzim, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kulturn\u00ed oslavou st\u00e1tu a p\u0159itahuje p\u0159es 100 000 lid\u00ed na pr\u016fvody, slavnosti a koncerty. V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b je tempo v Honolulu obecn\u011b uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 \u2013 m\u00edstn\u00ed mohou r\u00e1no surfovat a ve\u010der se z\u00fa\u010dastnit grilov\u00e1n\u00ed na zahrad\u011b. Honolulu m\u00e1 v\u0161ak jako modern\u00ed m\u011bsto i obchodn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru, zejm\u00e9na v centru m\u011bsta. Celkov\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra je p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 a vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e1, zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e1 kosmopolitn\u00edm ruchem v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho turistick\u00e9ho centra.<\/p>\n
Honolulu nab\u00edz\u00ed kombinaci p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch kr\u00e1s, kulturn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a historick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek. Pl\u00e1\u017e Waik\u012bk\u012b nepot\u0159ebuje mnoho \u00favod\u016f \u2013 tento srpek zlat\u00e9ho p\u00edsku je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstskou pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Turist\u00e9 se do Waik\u012bk\u012b hrnou za opalov\u00e1n\u00edm, lekcemi surfov\u00e1n\u00ed a promen\u00e1dou lemovanou obchody a resorty. Nad Waik\u012bk\u012b se ty\u010d\u00ed Diamond Head (L\u0113'ahi), vyhasl\u00fd sope\u010dn\u00fd kr\u00e1ter, jeho\u017e strm\u00e1 turistick\u00e1 stezka odm\u011b\u0148uje horolezce panoramatick\u00fdmi v\u00fdhledy na m\u011bsto a Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
Centrum Honolulu nab\u00edz\u00ed bohatou historii: pal\u00e1c \u02bbIolani (postaven\u00fd v roce 1879) byl s\u00eddlem posledn\u00edch havajsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f a je jedin\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm pal\u00e1cem na \u00fazem\u00ed USA. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Bishop Museum, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrka polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch artefakt\u016f a havajsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch poklad\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Honolulsk\u00e9 muzeum um\u011bn\u00ed (a jeho p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e1 sb\u00edrka isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed Shangri La) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm muzeem v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed na Havaji. Dal\u0161\u00edm dojemn\u00fdm m\u00edstem je N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00ed h\u0159bitov Pacifiku (\u201ePunchbowl\u201c), slavnostn\u00ed h\u0159bitov z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a korejsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vytesan\u00fd do sope\u010dn\u00e9ho kr\u00e1teru s v\u00fdhledem na m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n
V havajsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parc\u00edch mus\u00edte vid\u011bt Pearl Harbor (kousek autem): Pam\u00e1tn\u00edk USS Arizona a bitevn\u00ed lo\u010f Missouri sd\u00edlej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Pacifiku. (Honolulu tak\u00e9 sponzoruje v\u00fdlety do Pacifick\u00e9ho leteck\u00e9ho muzea a na dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta v Pearl Harboru.) Milovn\u00edci p\u0159\u00edrody naleznou v z\u00e1toce Hanauma (v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Waik\u012bk\u012b) skv\u011bl\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro \u0161norchlov\u00e1n\u00ed v chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 lagun\u011b. Pro rekreaci a nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed je zde Ala Moana Center ve Waik\u012bk\u012b, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00ed centrum pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem na sv\u011bt\u011b, a nedalek\u00fd park Kapi\u02bbolani (160 akr\u016f na z\u00e1kladn\u011b Diamond Head) je bujnou m\u011bstskou o\u00e1zou pro jogging, pikniky p\u0159i z\u00e1padu slunce a venkovn\u00ed hula akce.<\/p>\n
Hlavn\u00ed vstupn\u00ed branou do Honolulu je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Daniela K. Inouyeho (HNL), jedno z nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch transpacifick\u00fdch uzl\u016f. Nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 lety do m\u011bst na pevnin\u011b USA (Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Chicago, New York atd.) a do destinac\u00ed v asijsko-pacifick\u00e9 oblasti (Tokio, Soul, Sydney a dal\u0161\u00ed). V\u00edce ne\u017e 60 % n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f Havaje p\u0159il\u00e9t\u00e1 p\u0159es HNL. Meziostrovn\u00ed lety spojuj\u00ed Honolulu s dal\u0161\u00edmi havajsk\u00fdmi leti\u0161ti. V\u00fdletn\u00ed lod\u011b tak\u00e9 kotv\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edstavu Honolulu v r\u00e1mci tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch tras.<\/p>\n
V Honolulu jsou mezi mo\u017enosti dopravy pat\u0159\u00ed TheBus (ve\u0159ejn\u00fd autobusov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na Oahu), spoluj\u00edzda a taxi. Waik\u012bk\u012b a centrum m\u011bsta jsou snadno dostupn\u00e9 p\u011b\u0161ky; mnoho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f tam nech\u00e1v\u00e1 zaparkovan\u00e1 auta. Provoz na bulv\u00e1ru Ala Moana a d\u00e1lnici H-1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hust\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem dopravn\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dky. Honolulu otev\u0159elo svou prvn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 (Skyline) v roce 2023 \u2013 v sou\u010dasnosti vede z Kapolei ke stadionu Aloha \u2013 a nakonec se prodlou\u017e\u00ed sm\u011brem na Waik\u012bk\u012b a Ala Moana. Dokud nebude postavena cel\u00e1 tra\u0165, pro dosa\u017een\u00ed horsk\u00fdch stezek nebo surfa\u0159sk\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je st\u00e1le v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 autop\u016fj\u010dovny a autobusy. Pozn\u00e1mka: parkov\u00e1n\u00ed ve Waik\u012bk\u012b je drah\u00e9 a mnoho hotel\u016f si \u00fa\u010dtuje rekrea\u010dn\u00ed poplatky.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tipy:<\/strong><\/p>\n Honolulu je hlavn\u00ed a nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto americk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Havaj, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Jako neza\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9 m\u011bsto slou\u017e\u00ed jako s\u00eddlo okresu Honolulu. Honolulu, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed ostrova O\u02bbahu, je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejz\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejji\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Havaj slou\u017e\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed br\u00e1na do sv\u011bta a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 centrum obchodu, financ\u00ed, pohostinstv\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 obrany v r\u00e1mci st\u00e1tu a Oce\u00e1nie. M\u011bsto je soutokem rozmanit\u00fdch asijsk\u00fdch, z\u00e1padn\u00edch a tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch kultur, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v jeho rozmanit\u00e9 demografick\u00e9 situaci, kuchyni a tradic\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3574,"parent":8072,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8097","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8097\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8072"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"