V rozlehl\u00e9m p\u00e1su brazilsk\u00e9 vyso\u010diny se bled\u00fd p\u00e1s alej\u00ed t\u00e1hne p\u0159es upraven\u00e9 tr\u00e1vn\u00edky a socha\u0159sk\u00e9 zahrady. Zde stoj\u00ed Bras\u00edlia, m\u011bsto betonov\u00fdch k\u0159ivek a otev\u0159en\u00e9 oblohy, kter\u00e9 nevzniklo stalet\u00edmi r\u016fstu, ale jedin\u00fdm ambici\u00f3zn\u00edm pl\u00e1novac\u00edm tahem. Od sv\u00e9ho otev\u0159en\u00ed 21. dubna 1960 za prezidenta Juscelina Kubitscheka nesla Bras\u00edlia t\u00edhu o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed: stmelit rozlehl\u00fd n\u00e1rod, dost\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edslibu modernity a slou\u017eit jako \u017eivouc\u00ed symbol brazilsk\u00fdch aspirac\u00ed. Dnes se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi t\u0159et\u00ed nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta v zemi \u2013 po S\u00e3o Paulu a Rio de Janeiru \u2013 a py\u0161n\u00ed se nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm HDP na obyvatele mezi hlavn\u00edmi latinskoamerick\u00fdmi metropolemi, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jak o jej\u00ed politick\u00e9 centralit\u011b, tak o ekonomick\u00e9 dynamice.<\/p>\n
Koncem 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed se brazilsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed rozhodlo, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto by se m\u011blo p\u0159esunout z p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed do centr\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed polohy, a t\u00edm podpo\u0159it pocit jednoty nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fznorod\u00fdmi regiony. Prezident Kubitschek se k tomuto odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu kroku p\u0159ipojil se t\u0159emi vizion\u00e1\u0159i: urbanistou L\u00faciem Costou, architektem Oscarem Niemeyerem a statikem Joaquimem Cardozem. Cost\u016fv gener\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1n p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal m\u011bsto ve tvaru letadla \u2013 jeho\u017e trup tvo\u0159ila rozlehl\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed osa a kokpit s\u00eddlil v moci \u2013 a bylo rozd\u011bleno na samostatn\u00e9 sektory pro hotely, finance, ambas\u00e1dy, bydlen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed. Do t\u00e9to kostry Niemeyer vytesal b\u00edl\u00e9, modern\u00ed formy, zat\u00edmco krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd architekt Roberto Burle Marx p\u0159idal bujn\u00e9 pruhy p\u016fvodn\u00ed vegetace, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ukotvil t\u0159pytiv\u00e9 m\u011bsto v kontextu tropick\u00e9 savany.<\/p>\n
Celkov\u00fd efekt byl vskutku revolu\u010dn\u00ed. Bras\u00edlia zt\u011bles\u0148ovala nov\u00fd m\u011bstsk\u00fd \u00e9tos: jasnost \u00fa\u010delu, funk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a architektonickou \u010distotu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 k\u0159ivka, sloup a reflexn\u00ed jez\u00edrko nesly sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam, z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed organick\u00e9ho rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 charakterizovalo d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsta. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm vl\u00e1dn\u00edch ministerstev pod\u00e9l p\u0159esn\u011b o\u010d\u00edslovan\u00fdch superblok\u016f a vyhrazen\u00edm vyhrazen\u00fdch p\u00e1s\u016f pro obchod a kulturu Costa nastolil logiku, kter\u00e1 byla stejn\u011b racion\u00e1ln\u00ed jako poetick\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Projd\u011bte se pod rozlehl\u00fdmi parabolick\u00fdmi oblouky katedr\u00e1ly v Bras\u00edlii \u2013 jej\u00ed hyperboloidn\u00ed struktury, kterou nese \u0161estn\u00e1ct \u0161t\u00edhl\u00fdch sloup\u016f \u2013 a poc\u00edt\u00edte tichou p\u016fvab, jako by samotn\u00fd vzduch byl tvarov\u00e1n sv\u011btlem. Tento posv\u00e1tn\u00fd prostor, dokon\u010den\u00fd v roce 1970, zachycuje Niemeyer\u016fv dar snoubit monumentalitu s bezt\u00ed\u017enou eleganc\u00ed. Jinde se budova N\u00e1rodn\u00edho kongresu ty\u010d\u00ed jako dv\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 m\u00edsy, jedna obr\u00e1cen\u00e1 vzh\u016fru nohama, lemovan\u00e1 dv\u011bma v\u011b\u017eemi: \u200b\u200bvizu\u00e1ln\u00ed zkratka pro legislativn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu komor.<\/p>\n
V srdci \u201eletadla\u201c slou\u017e\u00ed Pra\u00e7a dos Tr\u00eas Poderes jako kokpit pro Bras\u00edlii. Kolem \u0161irok\u00e9ho, zrcadlov\u00e9ho odraziv\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu sed\u00ed v tich\u00e9m dialogu Pal\u00e1cio do Planalto (v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 moc), Kongres (z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e1 moc) a Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00ed soud (soudn\u00ed moc). D\u00e1le pod\u00e9l Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed osy \u2013 trupu \u2013 se dv\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9, rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy t\u00e1hnou k Esplanada dos Minist\u00e9rios, kde ka\u017ed\u00e9 ministerstvo zauj\u00edm\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed pruh tr\u00e1vn\u00edku a skla, jako jednotliv\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed z centr\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159e.<\/p>\n
V obytn\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddlech m\u011bsta, takzvan\u00fdch \u201ek\u0159\u00eddle A\u201c a \u201ek\u0159\u00eddle B\u201c, se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed bytov\u00e9 superbloky ur\u010den\u00e9 pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance a jejich rodiny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd superblok je obklopen shluky budov spole\u010dn\u00fdmi zelen\u00fdmi plochami a h\u0159i\u0161ti, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed Costovo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee architektura by m\u011bla slou\u017eit jak kolektivn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, tak i osobn\u00edmu pohodl\u00ed. Burle Marxovy v\u00fdsadby \u2013 vysok\u00e9 tr\u00e1vy, ohniv\u011b rud\u00e9 krotony a klikat\u00e9 cesti\u010dky \u2013 zm\u011bk\u010duj\u00ed betonov\u00fd horizont a nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u00fanik od poledn\u00edho slunce.<\/p>\n
Bras\u00edliin odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd experiment nez\u016fstal bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. V roce 1987 UNESCO zapsalo m\u011bsto na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO a ocenilo ho jako \u201evynikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad modernistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed v architektu\u0159e a urbanismu\u201c. O t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, v roce 2017, UNESCO d\u00e1le ocenilo Bras\u00edlii jako \u201eM\u011bsto designu\u201c a uznalo jej\u00ed trval\u00fd vliv na kreativn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a architektonick\u00fd diskurz. Tato ozna\u010den\u00ed pos\u00edlila identitu m\u011bsta jako laborato\u0159e pro inovace, kde galerie, ateli\u00e9ry a festivaly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u00farodnou p\u016fdu uprost\u0159ed vl\u00e1dn\u00edch budov.<\/p>\n
Krom\u011b sv\u00e9 role jako\u017eto politick\u00e9ho centra Braz\u00edlie funguje Bras\u00edlia tak\u00e9 jako v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 centrum mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. V jej\u00edm sektoru velvyslanectv\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 120 zahrani\u010dn\u00edch ambas\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed mikrokosmos glob\u00e1ln\u00ed diplomacie. Vyslanci se proch\u00e1zej\u00ed od jedn\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e k druh\u00e9 ve st\u00ednu ak\u00e1ci\u00ed, zat\u00edmco kulturn\u00ed ata\u0161\u00e9 koordinuj\u00ed v\u00fdstavy, kter\u00e9 do tohoto pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed fragmenty vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch kultur.<\/p>\n
Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00ed p\u0159es t\u0159et\u00ed nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v Braz\u00edlii, kter\u00e9 spojuje Bras\u00edlii se v\u0161emi hlavn\u00edmi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi destinacemi a rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch tras. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den letadla p\u0159epravuj\u00ed do m\u011bsta \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, podnikatele a turisty, co\u017e podtrhuje dvoj\u00ed identitu Bras\u00edlie jako administrativn\u00edho s\u00eddla a k\u0159i\u017eovatky glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny.<\/p>\n
Bras\u00edlia prok\u00e1zala svou s\u00edlu na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sportovn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. V roce 2013 hostila z\u00e1pasy Konfedera\u010dn\u00edho poh\u00e1ru FIFA a o rok pozd\u011bji p\u0159iv\u00edtala tis\u00edce fotbalov\u00fdch fanou\u0161k\u016f na mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta ve fotbale 2014, jeho\u017e stadion se t\u0159pytil pod rovn\u00edkovou oblohou. B\u011bhem letn\u00edch olympijsk\u00fdch her v Riu v roce 2016 m\u011bsto hostilo p\u0159edkola fotbalov\u00fdch z\u00e1pas\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prok\u00e1zalo svou schopnost podporovat akce glob\u00e1ln\u00edho rozsahu. Tyto ud\u00e1losti zanechaly odkaz modernizovan\u00e9 infrastruktury \u2013 nov\u00fdch silnic, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch linek a zrekonstruovan\u00fdch sportovn\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f \u2013 kter\u00e9 obyvatel\u016fm prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dlouho po z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9m hvizdu.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1vn\u011b nen\u00ed Bras\u00edlia obc\u00ed, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho distriktu, administrativn\u00ed oblasti s vlastn\u00edm guvern\u00e9rem a z\u00e1konod\u00e1rnou komorou. Distrikt zahrnuje 33 administrativn\u00edch region\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 m\u00edstn\u00ed autonomie. Jeho j\u00e1drem je Plano Piloto, p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u201epilotn\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u201c navr\u017een\u00fd Costou. Toto \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e9, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed obsahuje vl\u00e1dn\u00ed budovy, obytn\u00e9 superbloky a kulturn\u00ed instituce \u2013 tlukouc\u00ed srdce hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se vydaj\u00ed za jeho hranice, naraz\u00ed na men\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta a venkovskou krajinu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee Bras\u00edlia je metropol\u00ed i d\u016fkazem brazilsk\u00e9ho vnitrozem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pohyb po Bras\u00edlii znamen\u00e1 za\u017e\u00edt souhru rozsahu a intimity. Postavte se na jeden z nadchod\u016f pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed osu, a budete se c\u00edtit zast\u00edn\u011bni nekone\u010dn\u00fdmi bulv\u00e1ry, ale kdy\u017e vklouznete do jednoho ze stinn\u00fdch park\u016f nebo se zastav\u00edte na tapiokovou pala\u010dinku u st\u00e1nku na ulici, pronikne do v\u00e1s teplo m\u011bsta. Noci zde m\u00edrn\u00ed chladn\u00fd v\u00e1nek a proru\u0161uje jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e pouli\u010dn\u00edch lamp na zak\u0159iven\u00fdch fas\u00e1d\u00e1ch. Hudebn\u00edci se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed na tr\u00e1vn\u00edku p\u0159ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeem a brnkaj\u00ed na akordy, zat\u00edmco rodiny piknikuj\u00ed na tr\u00e1v\u011b. Pocit klidu prostupuje i p\u0159es hu\u010den\u00ed dopravy v d\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n
Bras\u00edlia se snadno srovn\u00e1v\u00e1. Nen\u00ed ani starobyl\u00e1, ani obecn\u00e1; je fyzick\u00fdm projevem odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u016fj osud. Pro cestovatele, kter\u00e9 l\u00e1kaj\u00ed m\u00edsta, kde architektura mluv\u00ed za v\u0161e, kde se pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 poezi\u00ed, nab\u00edz\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto nejen ponau\u010den\u00ed, ale i pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. Projd\u011bte se po jeho ulic\u00edch, zastavte se pod Niemeyerov\u00fdmi oblouky a poc\u00edt\u00edte nejen t\u00edhu ideologie, ale i k\u0159ehkou kr\u00e1su lidsk\u00fdch ambic\u00ed ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00fdch v kameni a nebi. V Bras\u00edlii ka\u017ed\u00fd kout skr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u2013 a ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee i to nejpe\u010dliv\u011bji pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 m\u011bsto m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ekvapit ty, kte\u0159\u00ed si ud\u011blaj\u00ed \u010das naslouchat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bras\u00edlia, which stands in the Brazilian highlands, epitomizes modernist architectural ideas and creative urban planning. Originally founded on April 21, 1960, under President Juscelino Kubitschek, this city was meant to replace Rio de Janeiro as the next capital of Brazil. After S\u00e3o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia is today the third most populous city in Brazil as well as the seat of government. Its economic relevance is shown by its greatest GDP per capita among big Latin American cities.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4060,"parent":7508,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7628","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7628\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}