Salvador se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku, kde zvln\u011bn\u00e9 obrysy jeho kopc\u016f prudce klesaj\u00ed do Z\u00e1toky V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch. M\u011bsto bylo zalo\u017eeno v roce 1549 Tom\u00e9 de Sousou jako s\u00eddlo portugalsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho gouvernementu Braz\u00edlie a slou\u017eilo jako prvn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed Braz\u00edlie. Po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011bt stolet\u00ed si zachovalo v\u00edcevrstvou identitu \u2013 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed administrativn\u00ed centrum, centrum atlantick\u00e9ho obchodu, t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b afro-brazilsk\u00e9 kultury a v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch dynamickou metropoli s v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,4 miliony obyvatel.<\/p>\n
M\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 vybral Tom\u00e9 de Sousa, kombinovalo strategick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k mo\u0159i s obranyschopnost\u00ed. Portugal\u0161t\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di vnutili strm\u00e9mu sr\u00e1zu dvoustup\u0148ov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed: v Horn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b (Cidade Alta) se nach\u00e1zel guvern\u00e9r\u016fv pal\u00e1c, hlavn\u00ed kostely a administrativn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady; Doln\u00ed m\u011bsto (Cidade Baixa) se shlukovalo kolem p\u0159\u00edstavu a tr\u017ei\u0161\u0165. Postupem \u010dasu cesty vytesan\u00e9 do p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00ed toto ostr\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed zm\u00edrnily, ale poz\u016fstatky p\u016fvodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v dramatick\u00e9 topografii m\u011bsta. Po celou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ru si Salvador udr\u017eoval \u00fazk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vazby s Portugalskem a jeho africk\u00fdmi a asijsk\u00fdmi koloniemi a obchodoval s cukrem, otroky a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Atlantsk\u00fdm sv\u011btem. V roce 1763 se s\u00eddlo c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 moci p\u0159esunulo na jih do Rio de Janeira, p\u0159esto si Salvador zachoval postaven\u00ed hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta regionu.<\/p>\n
Salvador se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na poloostrov\u011b ohrani\u010den\u00e9m Z\u00e1livem V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch na z\u00e1pad\u011b a Atlantsk\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem na v\u00fdchod\u011b a pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 plochu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 692 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 j\u00e1dro stoup\u00e1 od hladiny mo\u0159e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do sto metr\u016f na n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b Horn\u00edho m\u011bsta. Pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 osmdes\u00e1t kilometr\u016f pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed s chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdmi z\u00e1tokami a pl\u00e1\u017eemi bi\u010dovan\u00fdmi vlnami. V Doln\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b om\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u00edsky z\u00e1livu klidn\u00e9 vody; nad nimi se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159ada z\u00e1tok s v\u00fdhledem na Atlantik \u2013 Farol da Barra, Porto da Barra, Flamengo \u2013 kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed vlny a m\u00edsty i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u00fatesov\u00e9 baz\u00e9ny. Za samotn\u00fdm m\u011bstem se metropolitn\u00ed oblast \u201eVelk\u00e9ho Salvadoru\u201c do roku 2020 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159i miliony obyvatel a zahrnovala p\u0159edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 obce, jako jsou Lauro de Freitas a Cama\u00e7ari, do souvisl\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 struktury.<\/p>\n
Pelourinho, historick\u00e9 centrum, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oblasti zapsan\u00e9 na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO v roce 1985, si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159adu koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch fas\u00e1d, barokn\u00edch kostel\u016f a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Jeho \u00fazk\u00e9 uli\u010dky \u2013 lemovan\u00e9 pastelov\u011b malovan\u00fdmi domy, vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00fdmi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi a kovan\u00fdm \u017eelezn\u00fdm balkonem \u2013 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed strukturu, kter\u00e1 byla poprv\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ena za portugalsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy. I kdy\u017e se v bl\u00edzkosti ty\u010d\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 budovy, dla\u017eebn\u00ed kostky a ta\u0161kov\u00e9 st\u0159echy Pelourinha p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed epochy v\u00fdstavby, zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy. Kostely jako S\u00e3o Francisco se zlacen\u00fdm interi\u00e9rem a katedr\u00e1la v Salvadoru sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o \u0159eholn\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dech, kter\u00e9 kdysi formovaly sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed i spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n
Salvador je kol\u00e9bkou afro-brazilsk\u00fdch tradic. Zotro\u010den\u00ed Afri\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli do m\u011bsta p\u0159ivezeni na za\u010d\u00e1tku koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho obdob\u00ed, zanechali nesmazatelnou stopu v kuchyni, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch a rytmech. Chr\u00e1my Candombl\u00e9 \u2013 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako terreiros \u2013 jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny po m\u011bstsk\u00e9 krajin\u011b a ct\u00ed bohy, jejich\u017e ob\u0159ady zahrnuj\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, bubnov\u00e1n\u00ed a tanec s nezam\u011bnitelnou vitalitou. Karneval v Salvadoru p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed i Rio co do rozsahu pouli\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fvod\u016f: ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9 t\u00fddny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed tri\u00ed el\u00e9tricos a blocos a doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed dechov\u00e9 kapely, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edt\u00ed hlavn\u00edmi t\u0159\u00eddami. V roce 2017 UNESCO za\u0159adilo Salvador do sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b Kreativn\u00edch m\u011bst jako jedin\u00e9 brazilsk\u00e9 \u201em\u011bsto hudby\u201c, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed vliv m\u011bsta na sambu-reggae, ax\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1nry, kter\u00e9 se zde zrodily.<\/p>\n
Do roku 2020 se Salvador s n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 2,4 miliony obyvatel um\u00edstil na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b mezi nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi m\u011bsty na severov\u00fdchod\u011b Braz\u00edlie a p\u00e1t\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v zemi. \u017deny tvo\u0159ily 53,3 procenta populace; mu\u017ei 46,7 procenta. Data ze s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu zaznamenala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016fl milionu heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u00e1r\u016f a v\u00edce ne\u017e patn\u00e1ct set dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed, co\u017e podtrhuje vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se spole\u010densk\u00e9 mravy. Podle Brazilsk\u00e9ho institutu pro geografii a statistiku tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u011bsto j\u00e1dro sedm\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed metropolitn\u00ed oblasti v Braz\u00edlii a druh\u00e9 na severov\u00fdchod\u011b. V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku Research Network of Globalization and World Cities klasifikovala Salvador v letech 2014 a 2020 jako glob\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsto na \u00farovni \u201edostate\u010dnosti\u201c, zat\u00edmco konzulta\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Kearney jej zahrnula do ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bst pro roky 2018 a 2020.<\/p>\n
Salvador funguje jako ekonomick\u00fd motor Bahie, jeho\u017e p\u0159\u00edstav odbavuje petrochemick\u00e9 produkty, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd export a kontejnerovou dopravu. Region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed Novonor, Braskem, Neoenergy Coelba a Suzano Papel e Celulose sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jeho pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b. V roce 2000 hostil 12. kongres OSN o prevenci kriminality a trestn\u00edm soudnictv\u00ed, Panamerick\u00e9 mistrovstv\u00ed v judu, z\u00e1pasy Konfedera\u010dn\u00edho poh\u00e1ru 2013 a mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta 2014 a v roce 2016 z\u00e1pasy \u017eensk\u00e9ho fotbalu b\u011bhem letn\u00edch olympijsk\u00fdch her. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 expanze zahrnuje mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1vod JAC Motors v nedalek\u00e9m Cama\u00e7ari \u2013 kter\u00fd by m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edmo zam\u011bstn\u00e1vat 3 500 pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 a tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed investice do petrochemick\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a logistiky.<\/p>\n
Salvadorsk\u00e9 klima odpov\u00edd\u00e1 typu K\u00f6ppen Af \u2013 tropick\u00e9mu de\u0161tn\u00e9mu pralesu s pas\u00e1tov\u00fdm v\u011btrem \u2013 vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmu se stabiln\u00edmi teplotami a v\u00fdraznou vlhkost\u00ed. Ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry kol\u00edsaj\u00ed v \u00fazk\u00e9m p\u00e1smu kolem 26 \u00b0C. Sr\u00e1\u017eky se koncentruj\u00ed od dubna do \u010dervna, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc \u010dasto p\u0159esahuj\u00ed 200 milimetr\u016f, zat\u00edmco prosinec a leden p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed relativn\u00ed klid s m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 milimetry za m\u011bs\u00edc. Tato rovn\u00edkov\u00e1 konzistence utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot: teplo a sr\u00e1\u017eky ur\u010duj\u00ed rytmus pouli\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>\n
Turismus je v zemi druh\u00fd nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, hned po Riu, a je zalo\u017een na d\u011bdictv\u00ed, pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edch a kulturn\u00edch pod\u00edvan\u00fdch. \u00dazk\u00e9 uli\u010dky Pelourinha l\u00e1kaj\u00ed k proch\u00e1zk\u00e1m s pr\u016fvodcem, uk\u00e1zk\u00e1m capoeiry a architektonick\u00fdm prohl\u00eddk\u00e1m, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je pln\u00e9 restaurac\u00ed s mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi plody a st\u00e1nk\u016f s \u0159emesln\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky. Za m\u011bstem se m\u016f\u017eete vydat na jednodenn\u00ed v\u00fdlety na ostrov Itaparica na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b z\u00e1livu, kam se dostanete trajektem, a na Morro de S\u00e3o Paulo na ostrov\u011b Tinhar\u00e9, kam se dostanete rychl\u00fdm \u010dlunem nebo region\u00e1ln\u00edm letem. Listnat\u00fd \u00fasek d\u00e1lnice BA-099, p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00fd \u201eKokosov\u00e1 linie\u201c, spojuje \u0159adu atlantsk\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na sever sm\u011brem k Sergipe.<\/p>\n
Salvador si tak\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed parky. Jardim dos Namorados a p\u0159ilehl\u00fd park Costa Azul zab\u00edraj\u00ed patn\u00e1ct hektar\u016f v Pitub\u011b a nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se v nich amfite\u00e1tr, h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b a sportovn\u00ed kurty. M\u011bstsk\u00fd park, zrekonstruovan\u00fd v roce 2001, se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edm Pra\u00e7a das Flores s v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011bti tis\u00edci okrasn\u00fdmi exempl\u00e1\u0159i. Ekologick\u00fd park Pitua\u00e7u se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 450 hektarech atlantsk\u00e9ho lesa, kter\u00fd obklopuje um\u011bl\u00fd rybn\u00edk vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v roce 1906; jeho 38kilometrov\u00e1 cyklostezka a venkovn\u00ed muzeum Cravo \u2013 expozice totem\u016f a soch od Maria Crava \u2013 nab\u00edzej\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fd odpo\u010dinek.<\/p>\n
M\u00edstn\u00ed gastronomie, pros\u00e1kl\u00e1 mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi plody a z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdmi ingrediencemi, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v Braz\u00edlii. Palmov\u00fd olej (azeite-de-dend\u00ea) a kokosov\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko jsou z\u00e1kladem pokrm\u016f, jako je moqueca baiana a bob\u00f3-de-camar\u00e3o; acaraj\u00e9 a abar\u00e1, drobiv\u00e9 placi\u010dky z t\u011bsta z \u010dernook\u00e9ho hrachu, slou\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011btiny p\u0159i ob\u0159adech Candombl\u00e9. Trhy jako S\u00e3o Joaquim a Sete Portas uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed dlouholet\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zvyky \u2013 p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed ve\u010dern\u00ed du\u0161en\u00e9 mocot\u00f3, krab\u00ed caldeiradas, \u00fast\u0159icov\u00e9 tacinhas pod\u00e1van\u00e9 ze st\u00e1nk\u016f u pl\u00e1\u017ee. Na pl\u00e1\u017eov\u00fdch promen\u00e1d\u00e1ch i v restaurac\u00edch v Pelourinho se pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed sladkosti vatap\u00e1, caruru a cocada vyroben\u00e9 z melasy z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny a strouhan\u00e9ho kokosu. Da\u0159\u00ed se tak\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed brazilsk\u00e9 kuchyni, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e speciality z oblasti Minas Gerais se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti historick\u00e9ho centra.<\/p>\n
Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Deputado Lu\u00eds Eduardo Magalh\u00e3es le\u017e\u00ed dvacet osm kilometr\u016f severn\u011b od centra m\u011bsta a jeho termin\u00e1l pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed je propleten mezi p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdmi dunami a n\u00edzk\u00fdmi k\u0159ovinami \u2013 trasa, kter\u00e1 je \u0161iroce oslavov\u00e1na pro pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed panoramata. Rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bst p\u0159edb\u011bhlo p\u016fvodn\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00ed; hradby z osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed nyn\u00ed ustupuj\u00ed sousedsk\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m z dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho a jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Dnes je Salvador administrativn\u011b rozd\u011blen do sedmn\u00e1cti z\u00f3n, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 zahrnuje n\u011bkolik \u010dtvrt\u00ed bairros, jejich\u017e lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy se p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v po\u0161tovn\u00edch adres\u00e1ch. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 budovy \u2013 reziden\u010dn\u00ed i komer\u010dn\u00ed \u2013 se ty\u010d\u00ed vedle zrestaurovan\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch obydl\u00ed a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 neust\u00e1le propojuje minulost a p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p>\n
Salvadorsk\u00e9 komplexn\u00ed vrstven\u00ed \u2013 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1klady, vitalita africk\u00e9 diaspory, modern\u00ed aspirace \u2013 mu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou rezonanci. Setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se zde s trval\u00fdm dialogem vln a kamene, tradice a transformace, jeho\u017e rytmus se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 nejen v jeho ulic\u00edch a na b\u0159ez\u00edch, ale i v srdc\u00edch jeho obyvatel.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Salvador, the capital of Bahia state in Brazil, is a city that deftly combines its rich past with energetic modern culture. Originally founded by Tom\u00e9 de Sousa in 1549, it is among the first capital of Colonial Brazil and among the oldest cities in the Americas. Salvador’s distinct past has produced a cultural melting pot marked by the blending of African, European, and indigenous influences that together produce a unique environment.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3265,"parent":7508,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7592","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7592"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7592\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}